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Pivaloyl Chloride
2,2-Dimethylpropanoyl chloride is a branched-chain acyl chloride. It was first made by Aleksandr Butlerov in 1874 by reacting pivalic acid with phosphorus pentachloride Phosphorus pentachloride is the chemical compound with the formula . It is one of the most important phosphorus chlorides/oxychlorides, others being and . finds use as a chlorinating reagent. It is a colourless, water-sensitive solid, althoug .... Pivaloyl chloride is used as an input in the manufacture of some drugs, insecticides and herbicides. References Acyl chlorides Reagents for organic chemistry {{organic-chem-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acyl Chloride
In organic chemistry, an acyl chloride (or acid chloride) is an organic compound with the functional group . Their formula is usually written , where R is a side chain. They are reactive derivatives of carboxylic acids (). A specific example of an acyl chloride is acetyl chloride, . Acyl chlorides are the most important subset of acyl halides. Nomenclature Where the acyl chloride moiety takes priority, acyl chlorides are named by taking the name of the parent carboxylic acid, and substituting ''-yl chloride'' for ''-ic acid''. Thus: : : : butyr''ic acid'' (C3H7COOH) → butyr''yl chloride'' (C3H7COCl) (Idiosyncratically, for some trivial names, ''-oyl chloride'' substitutes ''-ic acid''. For example, pival''ic acid'' becomes pival''oyl chloride'' and acryl''ic acid'' becomes acryl''oyl chloride.'' The names pivalyl chloride and acrylyl chloride are less commonly used, although they are arguably more logical.) When other functional groups take priority, acyl chlorides a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aleksandr Butlerov
Alexander Mikhaylovich Butlerov (; 15 September 1828 – 17 August 1886) was a Russian chemist, one of the principal creators of the theory of chemical structure (1857–1861), the first to incorporate double bonds into structural formulas, the discoverer of hexamine (1859), the discoverer of formaldehyde (1859) and the discoverer of the formose reaction (1861). He first proposed the idea of possible tetrahedral arrangement of valence bonds in carbon compounds in 1862. The crater Butlerov on the Moon is named after him. In 1956 the Academy of Sciences of the USSR established the A. M. Butlerov Prize. Biography Butlerov was born into a landowning family. In 1849 he graduated from the Imperial Kazan University. after which he worked there as a teacher. From 1860 to 1863 he was the rector. From 1868 to 1885 he was a professor of Chemistry at the Imperial St. Petersburg University. Butlerov was the chairman of the Chemistry Department of the Russian Physico-Che ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pivalic Acid
Pivalic acid is a carboxylic acid with a molecular formula of (CH3)3CCO2H. This colourless, odoriferous organic compound is solid at room temperature. Two abbreviations for pivalic acid are ''t''-BuC(O)OH and PivOH. The pivalyl or pivaloyl group is abbreviated ''t''-BuC(O). Pivalic acid is an isomer of valeric acid, the other two isomers of it are 2-methylbutanoic acid and 3-methylbutanoic acid. Preparation Pivalic acid is prepared on a commercial scale by hydrocarboxylation of isobutene via the Koch reaction: :(CH3)2C=CH2 + CO + H2O → (CH3)3CCO2H Such reactions require an acid catalyst such as hydrogen fluoride. ''tert''-Butyl alcohol and isobutyl alcohol can also be used in place of isobutene. Globally, several million kilograms are produced annually. Pivalic acid is also economically recovered as a byproduct from the production of semisynthetic penicillins like ampicillin and amoxycillin. It was originally prepared by the oxidation of pinacolone with chromic acid: : A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phosphorus Pentachloride
Phosphorus pentachloride is the chemical compound with the formula . It is one of the most important phosphorus chlorides/oxychlorides, others being and . finds use as a chlorinating reagent. It is a colourless, water-sensitive solid, although commercial samples can be yellowish and contaminated with hydrogen chloride. Structure The structures for the phosphorus chlorides are invariably consistent with VSEPR theory. The structure of depends on its environment. Gaseous and molten is a neutral molecule with trigonal bipyramidal geometry and (''D''3h) symmetry. The hypervalent nature of this species (as well as of , see below) can be explained with the inclusion of non-bonding molecular orbitals (molecular orbital theory) or resonance (valence bond theory). This trigonal bipyramidal structure persists in nonpolar solvents, such as and . In the solid state is an ionic compound called tetrachlorophosphonium hexachlorophosphate formulated . In solutions of polar solvents ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acyl Chlorides
In organic chemistry, an acyl chloride (or acid chloride) is an organic compound with the functional group . Their formula is usually written , where R is a side chain. They are reactive derivatives of carboxylic acids (). A specific example of an acyl chloride is acetyl chloride, . Acyl chlorides are the most important subset of acyl halides. Nomenclature Where the acyl chloride moiety takes priority, acyl chlorides are named by taking the name of the parent carboxylic acid, and substituting ''-yl chloride'' for ''-ic acid''. Thus: : : : butyr''ic acid'' (C3H7COOH) → butyr''yl chloride'' (C3H7COCl) (Idiosyncratically, for some trivial names, ''-oyl chloride'' substitutes ''-ic acid''. For example, pival''ic acid'' becomes pival''oyl chloride'' and acryl''ic acid'' becomes acryl''oyl chloride.'' The names pivalyl chloride and acrylyl chloride are less commonly used, although they are arguably more logical.) When other functional groups take priority, acyl chlorides a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
