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Pit Cave
A pit cave, shaft cave or vertical cave—or often simply called a pit (in the US) and pothole or pot (in the UK); jama in Slavic languages scientific and colloquial vocabulary (borrowed since early research in the Western Balkan Dinaric Alpine karst)—is a type of cave which contains one or more significant vertical shafts rather than being predominantly a conventional horizontal cave passage. Pits typically form in limestone as a result of long-term erosion by water. They can be open to the surface or found deep within horizontal caves. Among US cavers, a pit, usually referred to as a 'pitch' in UK English, is a vertical drop of any depth that cannot be negotiated safely without the use of ropes or ladders. Pit caving Techniques Exploration of pit caves ("vertical caving", also called "potholing" in the UK and "pit caving" in US English) requires the use of equipment such as nylon kernmantle rope or cable ladders. The specialized caving techniques of single rope technique (S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benagil Cave Seen By Above
Benagil is a small Portugal, Portuguese village on the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic coast in the municipality of Lagoa, Portugal, Lagoa, Algarve, in Portugal. Up to the late 20th century, the village's economy was based on ocean fishing, but it developed into a tourist area with a widely used beach, Praia de Benagil. It has few inhabitants but in the summer many people come from abroad. The population is roughly 60. Benagil village and beach are located close to the internationally famous Praia da Marinha, Marinha Beach. The main tourist attraction in Benagil is the Benagil Cave (Portuguese: Algar de Benagil). Out of all sea caves that dot the Algarve coastline between Lagos and Albufeira, the Benagil Cave is the only one that has been eroded both from the side and from the top. This unique natural process has resulted in an opening in the ceiling that allows the sunlight to brighten up the grotto and the beach that it hides. Since 2023, concerns surrounding overtourism were raised ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gouffre De Padirac
The Padirac Chasm (French: ''Gouffre de Padirac'') is a cave located near Gramat, in the Lot department, Occitanie region, France. Features The chasm itself is deep, with a diameter of approximately . Visitors descend via a lift or a staircase before entering into the cave system. The cave contains a subterranean river system that is partly negotiable by boat, and it is regarded as "one of the most extraordinary natural phenomena of the Massif Central". The Padirac river continues underground for about until it flows into the Dordogne at the Montvalent Cirque. Formation The chasm was created at an undetermined point in time when the roof collapsed into a large internal cavern. It is known that the cavern existed in the 3rd century, and was inhabited during the 15th and 16th centuries, when potassium nitrate was excavated from the area. Tourism The first tourists visited the cave on 1 November 1898; however, the site was officially opened for tourism on 10 April 1899 by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vrtoglavica Cave
Vrtiglavica, also Vrtoglavica (both from Slovene ''vrtoglavica'' 'vertigo'), is a karst shaft on the Kanin Plateau, part of the Kanin Mountains, Western Julian Alps, on the Slovene side of the border between Slovenia and Italy. It has the deepest known pitch in the world, at . The cave formed in a glaciokarst landscape; that is, a karst landscape that was subjected to Pleistocene glacial activity. Plunging straight through the high-karst roof of the Kanin Plateau at 1,900 m above sea-level, Vrtiglavica is no labyrinth but a single, near-cylindrical shaft that falls the cave's entire surveyed depth of 643 m. Glacial scouring during the Pleistocene stripped away the plateau's soil cover and enlarged pre-existing fissures, allowing melt-water to dissolve the crystalline Dachstein limestone along a tight joint A joint or articulation (or articular surface) is the connection made between bones, ossicles, or other hard structures in the body which link an animal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pitch (vertical Space)
In climbing, a pitch is a section of a climbing route between two belay points (or belay stations), and is most commonly related to the task of lead climbing (going up), but is also related to abseiling (going down). Climbing on routes that require only one pitch is known as single-pitch climbing, and climbing on routes with more than one pitch is known as multi-pitch climbing (where the number is large, it can be big wall or alpine climbing). Modern climbing ropes are typically in length, which sets the theoretical maximum length of a 'pitch', however, other factors mean that the average pitch on a multi-pitch route is circa in length. Advanced climbing techniques such as simul climbing can materially reduce—and even completely remove—the need for 'pitches' on a multi-pitch climbing route. The term is also used in caving. Description In lead climbing — either in rock climbing, mountaineering, and ice climbing — the term 'pitch' describes the length of a section ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rappel Rack
Rappel racks, also known as abseil racks, are a type of descender. They are often used in caving Caving, also known as spelunking (United States and Canada) and potholing (United Kingdom and Ireland), is the recreational pastime of exploring wild cave systems (as distinguished from show caves). In contrast, speleology is the scientific ..., where they are valued for their versatility and excellent friction control. Though similar designs have been in use since at least 1876, the modern rack was developed independently by both John Cole and Warren Lewis, who both released their designs in 1969. The basic design used in modern racks remains much the same as the ones designed in 1969. Uses and operation Racks are favored by many American cavers for the excellent friction control and above average heat dissipation they offer. This heat dissipation is improved further if aluminum bars are used. They have other several advantages over bobbins including the ability to use them ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petzl Croll
A Petzl Croll is an Ascender (climbing), ascending device used in caving and industrial rope access made by the French company Petzl. Its name comes from the town Crolles where Petzl's company headquarters are located but might also be a reference to the nearby cave system of the Dent de Crolles, the exploration of which triggered a lot of technical effort leading to innovation in caving equipment. Usage The Croll is normally used in the chest position and in conjunction with an upper ascender or Jumar. This configuration allows a climber, caver or rope access worker to rapidly ascend a rope. History In 1968 Bruno Dressler asked Fernand Petzl, who worked as a metals machinist, to build a rope-ascending tool, today known as the Petzl Croll, that he had developed by adapting the Jumar to the specificity of pit caving. Following these developments, Fernand Petzl started in the 1970s a small caving equipment manufacturing company Petzl. Standards * EN 567 This standard allows the C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jumar
An ascender is a device (usually mechanical) used for directly ascending, or for facilitating protection, with a fixed rope when climbing on steep mountain terrain. A form introduced in the 1950s became so popular it began the term "Jumar" for the device, and the verb "to jumar" to describe its use in ascending. Ascenders can also be used as braking components within a rope-hauling system, often used in rescue situations. Use Ascenders are usually used in pairs on a single rope and offer similar functionality to friction hitch, friction knots, but are faster, safer, and easier to use, albeit still with consequences in weight and in security (as ascenders can, even with a locking carabiner, come off the rope, and fail by shredding the rope at high loads, rather than slipping and fusing as with friction knots). A mechanical ascender employs a Cam (mechanism), cam which allows the device to slide freely in the intended direction of movement, but provides a firm grip on the ro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bill Cuddington
Bill(s) may refer to: Common meanings * Banknote, paper cash (especially in the United States) * Bill (law), a proposed law put before a legislature * Invoice, commercial document issued by a seller to a buyer * Bill, a bird or animal's beak Places * Bill, Wyoming, an unincorporated community, United States People and fictional characters * Bill (given name), a list of people and fictional characters * Bill (surname) * Bill (footballer, born 1953), Brazilian football forward Oswaldo Faria * Bill (footballer, born 1978), Togolese football forward Alessandro Faria * Bill (footballer, born 1984), Brazilian football forward Rosimar Amâncio * Bill (footballer, born 1999), Brazilian forward Fabricio Rodrigues da Silva Ferreira Arts, media, and entertainment Characters * Bill, the villain of the ''Kill Bill'' films * Bill, one of the protagonists of the ''Bill & Ted'' films * A lizard in Lewis Carroll's ''Alice's Adventures in Wonderland'' * A locomotive in ''The Railway Series ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grenoble
Grenoble ( ; ; or ; or ) is the Prefectures in France, prefecture and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of the Isère Departments of France, department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Regions of France, region of southeastern France. It was the capital of the Dauphiné Provinces of France, historical province and lies where the river Drac (river), Drac flows into the Isère (river), Isère at the foot of the French Alps. The population of the Communes of France, commune of Grenoble was 158,198 as of 2019, while the population of the Grenoble metropolitan area (French: or ) was 714,799 which makes it the largest metropolis in the Alps, ahead of Innsbruck and Bolzano.Comparateur de territoire INSEE A significant European scientific centre, [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dent De Crolles
The Dent de Crolles () is a karstic mountain (2,062 m) of the Chartreuse Mountains range, north east of Grenoble, Isère, France. The mountain has a characteristic "tooth-like" profile; the French word ''dent'' means "tooth". ''de Crolles'' is derived from the town of Crolles, located next to the peak. The Dent de Crolles is easily recognizable from the Isère Valley (Grésivaudan) near Grenoble. Geography The Dent de Crolles is a karstic mountain (2,062 m) of the Chartreuse Mountains range, north east of Grenoble, Isère, France. The French word "dent" means tooth and "de Crolles" is derived from the town of Crolles, located next to the mountain. It is easily recognizable from the Isère valley (Grésivaudan) in the Grenoble area. Cave system The réseau de la Dent de Crolles, which lies beneath the summit plateau, is one of the most complex and longest cave systems in Europe, and is considered to be one of the birth places of modern caving. Its first detailed exploration was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fernand Petzl
Fernand Petzl (April 7, 1913 – May 31, 2003) was a caver and manufacturer of outdoor equipment under the brand name Petzl. Petzl lived most of his life in the village of Saint-Ismier (near Grenoble), France at the foot of the mountain Dent De Crolles. He first went caving in Trou du Glaz in 1933, and was immediately captivated by the idea of exploring beyond the cave Caves or caverns are natural voids under the Earth's Planetary surface, surface. Caves often form by the weathering of rock and often extend deep underground. Exogene caves are smaller openings that extend a relatively short distance undergrou ...'s known limits. Subsequent explorations there with Pierre Chevalier, Charles Petit-Didier and others culminated in connections to other caves in the massif, forming the Réseau de la Dent de Crolles which, in 1947, became the deepest cave in the world. Petzl also participated in explorations in the Gouffre Berger, which set a new world depth record in 1956 as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pierre Chevalier (caver)
Pierre Chevalier (24 April 1905 – 4 December 2001) was a well-known caver and mountaineer from France, with many alpine ascents and cave explorations to his credit. Chevalier is principally known for the exploration of the Dent de Crolles cave system over a twelve-year period (1936 – 1947), which became the deepest cave in the world. Chevalier recorded this exploration in his book ''Escalades souterraines'' (''Subterranean Climbers''). Dent de Crolles Cave Network Chevalier first visited the Trou du Glaz entrance in 1935, and was struck by the possibility of exploring beyond what was at the time considered technically possible. With Fernand Petzl, Charles Petit-Didier and others, Chevalier completed explorations that connected four entrances (Trou du Glaz, Guiers Mort, P40 and Grotte Annette) and established the Dent de Crolles as the deepest cave system in the world (-658m). Much of this exploration was during the German occupation of France during the Second World War an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
