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Piceatannol
Piceatannol is the organic compound with the formula . Classified as a stilbenoid and a phenol, it is a white solid, although samples often are yellow owing to impurities. Natural occurrences Piceatannol and its glucoside, astringin, are found in mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal roots of Norway spruces (''Picea abies''). It can also be found in the seeds of the palm '' Aiphanes horrida'' and in ''Gnetum cleistostachyum''. The chemical structure of piceatannol was established by Cunningham et al. as being an analog of resveratrol. In food Piceatannol is a metabolite of resveratrol found in red wine, grapes, passion fruit, white tea, and Japanese knotweed. Astringin, a piceatannol glucoside, is also found in red wine. The formation of piceatannol from resveratrol is catalyzed by cytochrome P450. Biochemical study A 1989 '' in vitro'' study found that piceatannol blocked LMP2A, a viral protein- tyrosine kinase implicated in leukemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and other ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astringin
Astringin is a stilbenoid, the 3-β-D-glucoside of piceatannol. It can be found in the bark of ''Picea sitchensis'' and ''Picea abies'' (Norway spruce). It is also present in ''Vitis vinifera'' cells cultures and in wine Wine is an alcoholic drink made from Fermentation in winemaking, fermented fruit. Yeast in winemaking, Yeast consumes the sugar in the fruit and converts it to ethanol and carbon dioxide, releasing heat in the process. Wine is most often made f .... See also * Phenolic compounds in wine References Stilbenoid glycosides Phenol glucosides {{aromatic-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Picea Abies
''Picea abies'', the Norway spruce or European spruce, is a species of spruce native to Northern Europe, Northern, Central Europe, Central and Eastern Europe. It has branchlets that typically hang downwards, and the largest cones of any spruce, 9–17 cm long. It is very closely related to the Siberian spruce (''Picea obovata''), which replaces it east of the Ural Mountains, and with which it hybridizes freely. The Norway spruce has a wide distribution for it being planted for its wood, and is the species used as the main Christmas tree in several countries around the world. It was the first gymnosperm to have its genome sequenced. The Latin binomial nomenclature, specific epithet ''abies'' means "like ''Abies'', Fir tree". Description Norway spruce is a large, fast-growing evergreen coniferous tree growing tall and with a trunk diameter of 1 to 1.5 m. It can grow fast when young, up to 1 m per year for the first 25 years under good conditions, but becomes slower once over ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aiphanes Horrida
''Aiphanes horrida'' is a palm native to northern South America and Trinidad and Tobago. ''Aiphanes horrida'' is a solitary, spiny tree. In the wild it grows 3–10 metres tall (9–30 feet) tall with a stem diameter of 6–10 centimetres (2–4 inches); cultivated trees may be as much as 15 m (49') tall with a 15 cm (6") diameter. The epicarp and mesocarp of the fruit are rich in carotene and are eaten in Colombia, while the seeds are used to make candles. In parts of the Colombian Llanos, endocarps are used to play games. The range of the species is found in dry forests between sea level and 1700 m (5600') above sea level in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago and Venezuela, but is not native to Ecuador. The species is cultivated as an ornamental throughout the tropics. Many authors, including Henderson ''et al.'' (1995) and Borchenius and Bernal (1996) use ''A. aculeata'' rather than ''A. horrida'', giving Jacquin's description of '' Caryota horri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gnetum Cleistostachyum
''Gnetum cleistostachyum'' is a liana species in the ''Sessiles'' subsection of the genus ''Gnetum'' described from South East Yunnan. The name is still invalid and efloras states it is advisable to postpone validating it until more complete collections, particularly with seeds, can be studied. The stilbene derivatives, , gnetucleistol B, B and gnetucleistol C, C, gnetifolin A, p-hydroxycinnamic acid, piceatannol, resveratrol, , , , the stilbenolignans, , , , and , gnetucleistol D (2-methoxyoxyresveratrol), gnetucleistol E (3-methoxy-isorhapontigenin), rhapontigenin, isorhapontigenin, 4-methoxyresveratrol and pinosylvin can be found in ''G. cleistostachyum''. References External links Gnetaceae Plants described in 1975 Flora of Yunnan {{gymnosperm-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pterostilbene
Pterostilbene () (trans-3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxystilbene) is a stilbenoid chemically related to resveratrol. In plants, it serves a defensive phytoalexin role. Natural occurrence Pterostilbene is found in almonds, various ''Vaccinium'' berries (including Blueberry, blueberries), grape leaves and vines. It is also encountered in the xylem, particularly in the heartwood of ''Pterocarpus marsupium'' as well as in other species of the ''Pterocarpus'' family, including Malay padauk, the Narra tree (''Pterocarpus indicus''), Muninga and African padauk (''Pterocarpus erinaceus''), thus contributing to the high natural durability as a known phytoalexin. Safety and regulation Pterostilbene is considered to be a corrosive substance, is dangerous upon exposure to the eyes, and is an environmental toxin, especially to aquatic life. A preliminary study of healthy human subjects given pterostilbene for 6–8 weeks, showed pterostilbene to be safe for human use at dosages up to 250 mg p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astringin
Astringin is a stilbenoid, the 3-β-D-glucoside of piceatannol. It can be found in the bark of ''Picea sitchensis'' and ''Picea abies'' (Norway spruce). It is also present in ''Vitis vinifera'' cells cultures and in wine Wine is an alcoholic drink made from Fermentation in winemaking, fermented fruit. Yeast in winemaking, Yeast consumes the sugar in the fruit and converts it to ethanol and carbon dioxide, releasing heat in the process. Wine is most often made f .... See also * Phenolic compounds in wine References Stilbenoid glycosides Phenol glucosides {{aromatic-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stilbenoid
Stilbenoids are hydroxylated derivatives of stilbene. They have a C6–C2–C6 structure. In biochemical terms, they belong to the family of phenylpropanoids and share most of their biosynthesis pathway with Chalconoid, chalcones. Most stilbenoids are produced by plants, and the only known exception is the antimicrobial stilbenoid drug tapinarof which is biosynthesized by the Gram-negative bacterium ''Photorhabdus luminescens.'' Chemistry Stilbenoids are hydroxylated derivatives of stilbene and have a C6–C2–C6 structure. They belong to the family of phenylpropanoids and share most of their biosynthesis pathway with Chalconoid, chalcones. Under UV irradiation, stilbene and its derivatives undergo intramolecular cyclization, called stilbene photocyclization to form dihydrophenanthrenes. Oligomeric forms are known as oligostilbenoids. Types ;Aglycones * Piceatannol in the roots of Norway spruces * Pinosylvin is a fungal toxin protecting wood from fungal infection, found in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Epstein–Barr Virus
The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), also known as human herpesvirus 4 (HHV-4), is one of the nine known Herpesviridae#Human herpesvirus types, human herpesvirus types in the Herpesviridae, herpes family, and is one of the most common viruses in humans. EBV is a DNA virus#Double-stranded DNA viruses, double-stranded DNA virus. EBV is the first identified oncogenic virus, a virus that can cause cancer. EBV establishes permanent infection in human B cells. It uncommonly causes infectious mononucleosis and is also tightly linked to many Malignancy, malignant diseases (cancers and autoimmune diseases). Various vaccine formulations have been tested in animals and humans; however, none of them were able to prevent EBV infection, thus, no vaccine has been approved to date. Infectious mononucleosis ("mono" or "glandular fever"), is characterized by extreme fatigue, fever, sore throat, and swollen lymph nodes. EBV is also associated with various non-malignant, premalignant, and malignant E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Phytochemicals In Food
The following is a list of phytochemicals present in foods. Terpenoids (isoprenoids) Carotenoids ( tetraterpenoids) ''Carotenes'' orange pigments * α-Carotene – to vitamin A: carrots, pumpkins, maize, tangerine, orange * β-Carotene – to vitamin A: dark, leafy greens, red, orange and yellow fruits and vegetables. * γ-Carotene - to vitamin A * δ-Carotene * ε-carotene * Lycopene: Vietnamese Gac, tomatoes, grapefruit, watermelon, guava, apricots, carrots, autumn olive. * Neurosporene: tomato, pink grapefruit,watermelon * Phytofluene: star fruit, sweet potato, orange * Phytoene: sweet potato, orange '' Xanthophylls'' yellow pigments * Canthaxanthin: paprika, mushrooms, crustaceans, fish and eggs . * β-Cryptoxanthin to vitamin A: mango, tangerine, orange, papaya, peaches, avocado, pea, grapefruit, kiwi * Zeaxanthin: wolfberry, spinach, kale, turnip greens, maize, eggs, red pepper, pumpkin, orange * Astaxanthin: microalgae, yeast, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Science Daily
''ScienceDaily'' is an American website launched in 1995 that aggregates press releases and publishes lightly edited press releases (a practice called churnalism) about science, similar to Phys.org and EurekAlert!. History The site was founded by married couple Dan and Michele Hogan in 1995; Dan Hogan formerly worked in the public affairs department of Jackson Laboratory writing press releases. The site makes money from selling advertisements. the site said that it had grown "from a two-person operation to a full-fledged news business with worldwide contributors". At the time, it was run out of the Hogans' home, had no reporters, and only reprinted press releases. In 2012, Quantcast ranked it at 614 with 2.6 million U.S. visitors. Sections As of August 2023, ''ScienceDaily'' mainly has five sections, Health, Tech, Enviro, Society, and Quirky, the last of which includes the top news. References External links * Alexa - ScienceDaily��{{Webarchive, url=https://web.a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adipogenesis
Adipogenesis is the formation of adipocytes (fat cells) from stem cells. It involves 2 phases, determination, and terminal differentiation. Determination is mesenchymal stem cells committing to the adipocyte precursor cells, also known as lipoblasts or preadipocytes which lose the potential to differentiate to other types of cells such as chondrocytes, myocytes, and osteoblasts. Terminal differentiation is that preadipocytes differentiate into mature adipocytes. Adipocytes can arise either from preadipocytes resident in adipose tissue, or from bone-marrow derived progenitor cells that migrate to adipose tissue. Introduction Adipocytes play a vital role in energy homeostasis and process the largest energy reserve as triglycerol in the body of animals. Adipocytes stay in a dynamic state, they start expanding when the energy intake is higher than the expenditure and undergo mobilization when the energy expenditure exceeds the intake. This process is highly regulated by counter reg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Insulin
Insulin (, from Latin ''insula'', 'island') is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets encoded in humans by the insulin (''INS)'' gene. It is the main Anabolism, anabolic hormone of the body. It regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and protein by promoting the absorption of glucose from the blood into cells of the liver, fat cell, fat, and skeletal muscles. In these tissues the absorbed glucose is converted into either glycogen, via glycogenesis, or Fatty acid metabolism#Glycolytic end products are used in the conversion of carbohydrates into fatty acids, fats (triglycerides), via lipogenesis; in the liver, glucose is converted into both. Glucose production and secretion by the liver are strongly inhibited by high concentrations of insulin in the blood. Circulating insulin also affects the synthesis of proteins in a wide variety of tissues. It is thus an anabolic hormone, promoting the conversion of small molecules in the blood into large ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
