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Phenylbutynamine
Phenylbutynamine (4-phenylbut-3-yn-2-amine; development code PAL-874) is a monoamine releasing agent (MRA) of the arylalkylamine family related to β-phenethylamine and amphetamine. It acts as a norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (NDRA), albeit with far lower potency Potency may refer to: * Potency (pharmacology), a measure of the activity of a drug in a biological system * Virility * Cell potency, a measure of the differentiation potential of stem cells * In homeopathic dilutions, potency is a measure of ho ... than β-phenethylamine or amphetamine. See also * Phenylbutenamine * Phenylpropylamine References External links 4-Phenylbut-3-yn-2-amine (PAL-874) Arylalkylamines Norepinephrine-dopamine releasing agents Partial monoamine releasing agents Phenyl compounds {{Psychoactive-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monoamine Releasing Agent
A monoamine releasing agent (MRA), or simply monoamine releaser, is a drug that induces the release of one or more monoamine neurotransmitters from the presynaptic neuron into the synapse, leading to an increase in the extracellular concentrations of the neurotransmitters and hence enhanced signaling by those neurotransmitters. The monoamine neurotransmitters include serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine; MRAs can induce the release of one or more of these neurotransmitters. MRAs work by reversing the direction of the monoamine transporters (MATs), including the serotonin transporter (SERT), norepinephrine transporter (NET), and/or dopamine transporter (DAT), causing them to promote efflux of non-vesicular cytoplasmic monoamine neurotransmitter rather than reuptake of synaptic monoamine neurotransmitter. Many, but not all MRAs, also reverse the direction of the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), thereby additionally resulting in efflux of vesicular monoamine neuro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norepinephrine–dopamine Releasing Agent
A norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (NDRA) is a type of drug which induces the synapse, release of norepinephrine (and epinephrine) and dopamine in the body and/or brain. Many of these are amphetamine type stimulants. Examples Examples of NDRAs include phenethylamine, tyramine, amphetamine, dextroamphetamine, levoamphetamine, methamphetamine, lisdexamfetamine, 4-fluoroamphetamine, cathine, cathinone, methcathinone, phentermine, phenmetrazine, aminorex, and benzylpiperazine. Amphetamine type stimulants Amphetamine type stimulants (ATS) are a group of synthetic drugs that are chemical derivatives of the parent compound alpha-methylphenethylamine, also known as amphetamine. Common ATS includes amphetamine, methamphetamine, ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, MDMA, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) and 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA). ATS when used illicitly has street names including ice, meth, cry ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arylalkylamine
Substituted arylalkylamines, also alternatively known in many cases as substituted arylethylamines, are a group of chemical compounds. These compounds are divided into two main categories: indolylalkylamines and phenylalkylamines. * Indolylalkylamines include substances like tryptamines, which are found in some natural compounds and can affect mood and perception. * Phenylalkylamines include substances like phenethylamines and amphetamines, which are found in both natural and synthetic forms. These compounds are related to monoamine neurotransmitters, which are chemicals in the brain that transmit signals between nerve cells. Because of this, substituted arylalkylamines can have a wide range of effects on the body and mind. They are used in many medications, including: * Psychostimulants, which increase alertness and energy. * Anorectics, which suppress appetite. * Wakefulness-promoting agents, which help people stay awake. * Bronchodilators, which make breathing easier. * Decon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
β-phenethylamine
Phenethylamine (PEA) is an organic compound, natural monoamine alkaloid, and trace amine, which acts as a central nervous system stimulant in humans. In the brain, phenethylamine regulates monoamine neurotransmission by binding to trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) and inhibiting vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) in monoamine neurons. To a lesser extent, it also acts as a neurotransmitter in the human central nervous system. In mammals, phenethylamine is produced from the amino acid L-phenylalanine by the enzyme aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase via enzymatic decarboxylation. In addition to its presence in mammals, phenethylamine is found in many other organisms and foods, such as chocolate, especially after microbial fermentation. Phenethylamine is sold as a dietary supplement for purported mood and weight loss-related therapeutic benefits; however, in orally ingested phenethylamine, a significant amount is metabolized in the small intestine by mon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amphetamine
Amphetamine (contracted from Alpha and beta carbon, alpha-methylphenethylamine, methylphenethylamine) is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, and obesity; it is also used to treat binge eating disorder in the form of its inactive prodrug lisdexamfetamine. Amphetamine was discovered as a chemical in 1887 by Lazăr Edeleanu, and then as a drug in the late 1920s. It exists as two enantiomers: levoamphetamine and dextroamphetamine. ''Amphetamine'' properly refers to a specific chemical, the Racemic mixture, racemic free base, which is equal parts of the two enantiomers in their pure amine forms. The term is frequently used informally to refer to any combination of the enantiomers, or to either of them alone. Historically, it has been used to treat nasal congestion and depression. Amphetamine is also used as an Performance-enhancing substance, athletic performance enhancer and Nootropic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norepinephrine–dopamine Releasing Agent
A norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (NDRA) is a type of drug which induces the synapse, release of norepinephrine (and epinephrine) and dopamine in the body and/or brain. Many of these are amphetamine type stimulants. Examples Examples of NDRAs include phenethylamine, tyramine, amphetamine, dextroamphetamine, levoamphetamine, methamphetamine, lisdexamfetamine, 4-fluoroamphetamine, cathine, cathinone, methcathinone, phentermine, phenmetrazine, aminorex, and benzylpiperazine. Amphetamine type stimulants Amphetamine type stimulants (ATS) are a group of synthetic drugs that are chemical derivatives of the parent compound alpha-methylphenethylamine, also known as amphetamine. Common ATS includes amphetamine, methamphetamine, ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, MDMA, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) and 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA). ATS when used illicitly has street names including ice, meth, cry ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Potency (pharmacology)
In pharmacology, potency or biological potency is a measure of a drug's biological activity expressed in terms of the dose required to produce a pharmacological effect of given intensity. A highly potent drug (e.g., fentanyl, clonazepam, risperidone, benperidol, bumetanide) evokes a given response at low concentrations, while a drug of lower potency (e.g. morphine, alprazolam, ziprasidone, haloperidol, furosemide) evokes the same response only at higher concentrations. Higher potency does not necessarily mean greater effectiveness nor more side effects nor less side effects. Types of potency The International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (IUPHAR) has stated that "potency is an imprecise term that should always be further defined", and lists of types of potency as follows: Miscellaneous Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is one of the most potent psychoactive drug A psychoactive drug, psychopharmaceutical, mind-altering drug, consciousness-altering drug, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phenylbutenamine
Phenylbutenamine, or 4-phenylbut-3-en-2-amine, is a monoamine releasing agent (MRA) of the arylalkylamine family related to β-phenethylamine and amphetamine. It has two possible stereoisomers: (3''E'')-phenylbutenamine (PAL-881) and (3''Z'')-phenylbutenamine (PAL-893). Both of these enantiomers act as norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agents (NDRAs), and to similar comparative extents, albeit with far lower potency than β-phenethylamine or amphetamine. See also * Phenylbutynamine Phenylbutynamine (4-phenylbut-3-yn-2-amine; development code PAL-874) is a monoamine releasing agent (MRA) of the arylalkylamine family related to β-phenethylamine and amphetamine. It acts as a norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (NDRA), ... * Phenylpropylamine References External links (3E)-4-Phenylbut-3-en-2-amine (PAL-881) - Isomer Design(3Z)-4-Phenylbut-3-en-2-amine (PAL-893) - Isomer Design Arylalkylamines Norepinephrine-dopamine releasing agents Phenyl compounds {{Psy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phenylpropylamine
Phenylpropylamine, also known as 3-phenylpropylamine, is a monoamine releasing agent (MRA) related to phenethylamine (2-phenylethylamine). It is the analogue of phenethylamine in which the ethylamine side chain has been lengthened by one carbon atom Atoms are the basic particles of the chemical elements. An atom consists of a atomic nucleus, nucleus of protons and generally neutrons, surrounded by an electromagnetically bound swarm of electrons. The chemical elements are distinguished fr ... to instead be a propylamine chain. Phenylpropylamine was chemical synthesis, synthesized and characterized during investigations of the structure–activity relationships (SAR) of phenethylamine and substituted amphetamine, amphetamine MRAs. It acts as a norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (NDRA). However, phenylpropylamine is dramatically less potency (pharmacology), potent than phenethylamine as an NDRA in rat brain synaptosomes ''in vitro'' and shows ~7-fold preference for in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
