|
Pharmahuasca
Pharmahuasca is a pharmaceutical version of ayahuasca, a psychoactive decoction used by Indigenous cultures in South America as part of traditional medicine and shamanism. Traditional ayahuasca is made by brewing the MAOI-containing ''Banisteriopsis caapi'' vine with a DMT-containing plant, such as ''Psychotria viridis''. Pharmahuasca refers to a similar combination that uses a pharmaceutical MAOI instead of a plant. N,N-DMT and harmaline or harmine are typically used as components of pharmahuasca. One study tested a formulation of 100 mg buccal harmine with 100 mg intranasal DMT, which produced an effect lasting 2-3 hours. As a rule, the fewer the β-carbolines, the less nausea; the more DMT, the more spectacular the visions. The constituents are put into separate gelatin capsules. The capsules with harmaline/harmine are swallowed first and the capsules containing DMT are taken 15 to 20 minutes later. A synthetic MAOI can be used in place of harmaline and harmine, although cautio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ayahuasca
AyahuascaPronounced as in the UK and in the US. Also occasionally known in English as ''ayaguasca'' (Spanish-derived), ''aioasca'' (Brazilian Portuguese-derived), or as ''yagé'', pronounced or . Etymologically, all forms but ''yagé'' descend from the compound Quechua word ''ayawaska'', from ''aya'' () and ''waska'' (). For more names for ayahuasca, see § Etymology. is a South American psychoactive decoction prepared from '' Banisteriopsis caapi'' vine and a dimethyltryptamine (DMT)-containing plant, used by Indigenous cultures in the Amazon and Orinoco basins as part of traditional medicine and shamanism. The word ayahuasca, originating from Quechuan languages spoken in the Andes, refers both to the ''B. caapi'' vine and the psychoactive brew made from it, with its name meaning “spirit rope” or “liana of the soul.” The specific ritual use of ayahuasca was widespread among Indigenous groups by the 19th century, though its precise origin is uncertain. Ayahuasca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dimethyltryptamine
Dimethyltryptamine (DMT), also known as ''N'',''N''-dimethyltryptamine (''N'',''N''-DMT), is a Psychedelic drug, serotonergic hallucinogen and Investigational New Drug, investigational drug of the substituted tryptamine, tryptamine family that natural product, occurs naturally in many plants and animals, including humans. DMT is used as a psychedelic drug and prepared by various cultures for ritual purposes as an entheogen. DMT has a rapid onset of action, onset, intense effects, and a relatively short duration of action. For those reasons, DMT was known as the "businessman's trip" during the 1960s in the United States, as a user could access the full depth of a psychedelic experience in considerably less time than with other substances such as Lysergic acid diethylamide, LSD or psilocybin mushrooms. DMT can be inhaled or injected and its effects depend on the dose, as well as the mode of administration. When inhaled or injected, the effects last about five to fifteen minutes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pharmaceutical
Medication (also called medicament, medicine, pharmaceutical drug, medicinal product, medicinal drug or simply drug) is a drug used to diagnose, cure, treat, or prevent disease. Drug therapy ( pharmacotherapy) is an important part of the medical field and relies on the science of pharmacology for continual advancement and on pharmacy for appropriate management. Drugs are classified in many ways. One of the key divisions is by level of control, which distinguishes prescription drugs (those that a pharmacist dispenses only on the medical prescription) from over-the-counter drugs (those that consumers can order for themselves). Medicines may be classified by mode of action, route of administration, biological system affected, or therapeutic effects. The World Health Organization keeps a list of essential medicines. Drug discovery and drug development are complex and expensive endeavors undertaken by pharmaceutical companies, academic scientists, and government ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polysubstance Combinations
Polysubstance was used in the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM-IV 1994) to refer to three or more drugs (including alcohol) to which an individual has become dependent (i.e., meets the diagnostic criteria for substance dependence). The criteria were changed in the DSM-5. In the DSM-IV nosology, polysubstance dependence (diagnostic code 304.80) indicated that the use of any one of the substances did not meet the diagnostic criteria for substance dependence Substance dependence, also known as drug dependence, is a biopsychological situation whereby an individual's functionality is dependent on the necessitated re-consumption of a psychoactive substance because of an adaptive state that has develop ... while the combined use of the drugs did meet substance dependence diagnostic criteria. Two research studiesMartinotti G; Carli V; Tedeschi D; Di Giannantonio M; Roy A; Janiri L; Sarchiapone, M. (2009). Mono- and polysub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dimethyltryptamine/harmine
Dimethyltryptamine/harmine (developmental code name RE01 or RE-01) is a combination of dimethyltryptamine (DMT), a tryptamine serotonin receptor agonist and serotonergic psychedelic, and harmine, a β-carboline reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A (RIMA), which is under development for the treatment of mood disorders. It is a form of pharmahuasca (pharmaceutical ayahuasca), in which DMT is combined with a synthetically produced monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) as opposed to a plant-derived form such as ''Banisteriopsis caapi'' as in ayahuasca. Harmine, acting as a RIMA, inhibits the metabolism of DMT, in turn greatly potentiating DMT and allowing it to become orally active. The combination is being developed by Reconnect Labs. As of August 2023, it is in phase 1 clinical trials. See also * List of investigational hallucinogens and entactogens This is a list of investigational hallucinogens and entactogens, or hallucinogens and entactogens that are currently un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Entheogen
Entheogens are psychoactive substances used in spiritual and religious contexts to induce altered states of consciousness. Hallucinogens such as the psilocybin found in so-called "magic" mushrooms have been used in sacred contexts since ancient times. Derived from a term meaning "generating the divine from within" entheogen have been used to facilitate transcendence, heaving, divination and mystical insight. Entheogens have been used in various ways, including as part of established religious rituals and as aids for personal spiritual development. Anthropological study has established that entheogens are used for religious, magical, shamanic, or spiritual purposes in many parts of the world. Civilizations such as the Maya and Aztecs used psilocybin mushrooms, peyote, and morning glory seeds in ceremonies meant to connect with deities and perform healing. They have traditionally been used to supplement many diverse practices geared towards achieving transcendence, including ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alkaloid
Alkaloids are a broad class of natural product, naturally occurring organic compounds that contain at least one nitrogen atom. Some synthetic compounds of similar structure may also be termed alkaloids. Alkaloids are produced by a large variety of organisms including bacteria, fungus, fungi, Medicinal plant, plants, and animals. They can be purified from crude extracts of these organisms by acid-base extraction, or solvent extractions followed by silica-gel column chromatography. Alkaloids have a wide range of pharmacology, pharmacological activities including antimalarial medication, antimalarial (e.g. quinine), asthma, antiasthma (e.g. ephedrine), chemotherapy, anticancer (e.g. omacetaxine mepesuccinate, homoharringtonine), cholinomimetic (e.g. galantamine), vasodilation, vasodilatory (e.g. vincamine), Antiarrhythmic agent, antiarrhythmic (e.g. quinidine), analgesic (e.g. morphine), antibacterial (e.g. chelerythrine), and anti-diabetic, antihyperglycemic activities (e.g. berb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marplan
Isocarboxazid, sold under the brand name Marplan among others, is a non-selective irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) of the hydrazine class used as an antidepressant. Along with phenelzine and tranylcypromine, it is one of only three classical MAOIs still available for clinical use in the treatment of psychiatric disorders in the United States, though it is not as commonly employed in comparison to the others. Isocarboxazid is primarily used to treat mood and anxiety disorders. It has also been investigated in the treatment of schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, and other dementia-related disorders. Isocarboxazid, as well as other MAOIs, increase the levels of the monoamine neurotransmitters serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, melatonin, and phenethylamine in the brain. Classical MAOIs, including isocarboxazid, are used only rarely due to prominent food and drug interactions and have been largely superseded by newer antidepressants such as t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reversible Inhibitor Of Monoamine Oxidase A
Reversibility can refer to: * Time reversibility, a property of some mathematical or physical processes and systems for which time-reversed dynamics are well defined :* Reversible diffusion, an example of a reversible stochastic process * Reversible process (thermodynamics), a process or cycle such that the net change at each stage in the combined entropy of the system and its surroundings is zero * Reversible reaction, a chemical reaction for which the position of the chemical equilibrium is very sensitive to the imposed physical conditions; so the reaction can be made to run either forwards or in reverse by changing those conditions * Reversible computing, logical reversibility of a computation; a computational step for which a well-defined inverse exists * Reversible error, a legal mistake invalidating a trial * Reversible garment, a garment that can be worn two ways * Piaget's theory of cognitive development Piaget's theory of cognitive development, or his genetic epistemo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moclobemide
Moclobemide, sold under the brand names Amira, Aurorix, Clobemix, Depnil and Manerix among others, is a reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A (RIMA) drug primarily used to treat Clinical depression, depression and social anxiety. It is not approved for use in the United States, but is approved in other Western countries such as Canada, the United Kingdom, UK and Australia. It is produced by affiliates of the Hoffmann–La Roche pharmaceutical company. Initially, Aurorix was also marketed by Roche in South Africa, but was withdrawn after its patent rights expired and Cipla Medpro's Depnil and Pharma Dynamic's Clorix became available at half the cost. No significant rise in blood pressure occurs when moclobemide is combined with amines such as tyramine-containing foods or pressor amine drugs, unlike with the older irreversible and non-selective monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), which cause a severe rise in blood pressure with such combination. Due to the lack of anticholi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harmaline
Harmaline, also known as 7-methoxyharmalan or as 3,4-dihydro-7-methoxy-1-methyl-β-carboline, is a fluorescent indole alkaloid from the group of harmala alkaloids and β-carbolines. It is the partly hydrogenated form of harmine. It is a reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor (RIMA). It produces vivid dream-like visual effects and physical discomfort at oral doses of 300 to 400mg, often leading users to seek solitude in a quiet, dark environment. Plants containing harmaline are combined in ayahuasca to inhibit monoamine oxidase, allowing orally ingested DMT to remain active in the brain and produce psychoactive effects. Harmala alkaloids, including harmaline, are psychoactive on their own in humans, with harmaline being particularly hallucinogenic, although other compounds such as harmine and tetrahydroharmine have also been reported to produce hallucinogenic effects as well. Harmaline exhibits weak affinity for 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors, partially substitutes for the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
