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Pentachloride
A pentachloride is a compound or ion that contains five chlorine atoms or ions. Common pentachlorides include: *Antimony pentachloride, SbCl5 *Arsenic pentachloride, AsCl5 *Molybdenum pentachloride, MoCl5 *Niobium pentachloride, NbCl5 *Phosphorus pentachloride, PCl5 * Protactinium pentachloride, PaCl5 * Osmium pentachloride, OsCl5 * Rhenium pentachloride, Re2Cl10 *Tantalum pentachloride Tantalum(V) chloride, also known as tantalum pentachloride, is an inorganic compound with the formula . It takes the form of a white powder, and is commonly used as a starting material in tantalum chemistry. It readily hydrolyzes to form tantalum ..., TaCl5 * Tungsten pentachloride, WCl5 * Uranium pentachloride, UCl5 * Vanadium pentachloride, VCl5 {{Chemistry index ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phosphorus Pentachloride
Phosphorus pentachloride is the chemical compound with the formula . It is one of the most important phosphorus chlorides/oxychlorides, others being and . finds use as a chlorinating reagent. It is a colourless, water-sensitive solid, although commercial samples can be yellowish and contaminated with hydrogen chloride. Structure The structures for the phosphorus chlorides are invariably consistent with VSEPR theory. The structure of depends on its environment. Gaseous and molten is a neutral molecule with trigonal bipyramidal geometry and (''D''3h) symmetry. The hypervalent nature of this species (as well as of , see below) can be explained with the inclusion of non-bonding molecular orbitals (molecular orbital theory) or resonance (valence bond theory). This trigonal bipyramidal structure persists in nonpolar solvents, such as and . In the solid state is an ionic compound called tetrachlorophosphonium hexachlorophosphate formulated . In solutions of polar solvents ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tantalum Pentachloride
Tantalum(V) chloride, also known as tantalum pentachloride, is an inorganic compound with the formula . It takes the form of a white powder, and is commonly used as a starting material in tantalum chemistry. It readily hydrolyzes to form tantalum(V) oxytrichloride () and eventually tantalum pentoxide (); this requires that it be synthesised and manipulated under anhydrous conditions, using air-free techniques. Structure crystallizes in the monoclinic space group ''C''2/''m''. The ten chlorine atoms define a pair of octahedra that share a common edge. The tantalum atoms occupy the centres of the octahedra and are joined by two chlorine bridging ligands. The dimeric structure is retained in non-complexing solvents and to a large extent in the molten state. In the vapour state, however, is monomeric. This monomer adopts a trigonal bipyramidal structure, like that of . Physical Properties The solubility of tantalum pentachloride increases slightly for the following series of a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antimony Pentachloride
Antimony pentachloride is a chemical compound with the formula SbCl5. It is a colourless oil, but typical samples are yellowish due to dissolved chlorine. Owing to its tendency to hydrolyse to hydrochloric acid, SbCl5 is a highly corrosive substance and must be stored in glass or PTFE containers. Preparation and structure Antimony pentachloride is prepared by passing chlorine gas into molten antimony trichloride: :SbCl3 + Cl2 → SbCl5 Gaseous SbCl5 has a trigonal bipyramidal structure. Reactions This compounds reacts with water to form antimony pentoxide and hydrochloric acid: :2 SbCl5 + 5 H2O → Sb2O5 + 10 HCl The mono- and tetrahydrates are known, SbCl5·H2O and SbCl5·4H2O. This compound forms adducts with many Lewis bases. SbCl5 is a soft Lewis acid and its ECW model parameters are EA = 3.64 and CA = 10.42. It is used as the standard Lewis acid in the Gutmann scale of Lewis basicity. It is also a strong oxidizing agent. For example aromatic ethers are oxidize ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Niobium Pentachloride
Niobium(V) chloride, also known as niobium pentachloride, is a yellow crystalline solid. It hydrolyzes in air, and samples are often contaminated with small amounts of NbOCl3. It is often used as a precursor to other compounds of niobium. NbCl5 may be purified by sublimation. Structure and properties Niobium(V) chloride forms chloro-bridged dimers in the solid state (''see'' figure). Each niobium centre is six-coordinate, but the octahedral coordination is significantly distorted. The equatorial niobium–chlorine bond lengths are 225 pm (terminal) and 256 pm (bridging), whilst the axial niobium-chlorine bonds are 229.2 pm and are deflected inwards to form an angle of 83.7° with the equatorial plane of the molecule. The Nb–Cl–Nb angle at the bridge is 101.3°. The Nb–Nb distance is 398.8 pm, too long for any metal-metal interaction. NbBr5, NbI5, TaCl5 TaBr5 and TaI5 are isostructural with NbCl5. Preparation Industrially, niobium pentachloride is obtai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arsenic Pentachloride
Arsenic pentachloride is a chemical compound of arsenic and chlorine with the formula . This compound was first prepared in 1976 through the UV irradiation of arsenic trichloride, AsCl3, in liquid chlorine at −105 °C. AsCl5 decomposes at around −50 °C. The structure of the solid was finally determined in 2001. AsCl5 is similar to phosphorus pentachloride, PCl5 in having a trigonal bipyramidal structure where the equatorial bonds are shorter than the axial bonds (As-Cleq = 210.6 pm, 211.9 pm; As-Clax= 220.7 pm). The pentachlorides of the elements above and below arsenic in group 15, phosphorus pentachloride and antimony pentachloride are much more stable and the instability of AsCl5 appears anomalous. The cause is believed to be due to incomplete shielding of the nucleus in the 4p elements following the first transition series (i.e. gallium, germanium, arsenic, selenium, bromine, and krypton) which leads to stabilisation of their 4s electrons m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Osmium Pentachloride
Osmium(V) chloride is an inorganic chemical compound of osmium metal and chlorine with the chemical formula . Potential synthesis Osmium(V) chloride can be obtained in small amounts by reacting osmium hexafluoride with excess boron trichloride: :: It can also be obtained by the action of sulfur dichloride on osmium tetroxide: :: Physical properties Osmium(V) chloride forms a black dimeric solid, isomorphic with rhenium(V) chloride Rhenium pentachloride is an inorganic compound with the formula . This red-brown solid is paramagnetic. Structure and preparation Rhenium pentachloride has a bioctahedral structure and can be described as Cl4Re(μ-Cl)2ReCl4. The (μ-Cl)2 part o .... is sparingly soluble in non-polar solvents. It is soluble in POCl3 to form a red-brown solution, which can crystallize OsCl5·POCl3. References Osmium compounds Chlorides Metal halides {{Metal-halide-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhenium Pentachloride
Rhenium pentachloride is an inorganic compound with the formula . This red-brown solid is paramagnetic. Structure and preparation Rhenium pentachloride has a bioctahedral structure and can be described as Cl4Re(μ-Cl)2ReCl4. The (μ-Cl)2 part of this formula indicates that two chloride ligands are bridging ligands, i.e. they connect to two Re atoms. The Re-Re distance is 3.74 Å. The motif is similar to that seen for tantalum pentachloride. This compound was first prepared in 1933, a few years after the discovery of rhenium. The preparation involves chlorination of rhenium at temperatures up to 900 °C.Roger Lincoln, Geoffrey Wilkinson "Rhenium Pentachloride and Volatile Metal Chlorides by Direct Chlorination Using a Vertical-Tube Reactor" Inorganic Syntheses, 1980, Volume 20, Pages 41–43. . The material can be purified by sublimation. ReCl5 is one of the most oxidized binary chlorides of Re. It does not undergo further chlorination. ReCl6 has been prepared from rhen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chlorine
Chlorine is a chemical element; it has Symbol (chemistry), symbol Cl and atomic number 17. The second-lightest of the halogens, it appears between fluorine and bromine in the periodic table and its properties are mostly intermediate between them. Chlorine is a yellow-green gas at room temperature. It is an extremely reactive element and a strong oxidizing agent, oxidising agent: among the elements, it has the highest electron affinity and the third-highest electronegativity on the revised Electronegativity#Pauling electronegativity, Pauling scale, behind only oxygen and fluorine. Chlorine played an important role in the experiments conducted by medieval Alchemy, alchemists, which commonly involved the heating of chloride Salt (chemistry), salts like ammonium chloride (sal ammoniac) and sodium chloride (common salt), producing various chemical substances containing chlorine such as hydrogen chloride, mercury(II) chloride (corrosive sublimate), and . However, the nature of fre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Molybdenum Pentachloride
Molybdenum(V) chloride is the inorganic compound with the empirical formula . This dark volatile solid is used in research to prepare other molybdenum compounds. It is moisture-sensitive and soluble in chlorinated solvents. Structure Usually called molybdenum pentachloride, it is in fact partly a dimer with the molecular formula . In the dimer, each molybdenum has local octahedral symmetry and two chlorides bridge between the molybdenum centers. A similar structure is also found for the pentachlorides of W, Nb and Ta. In the gas phase and partly in solution, the dimers partially dissociate to give a monomeric . The monomer is paramagnetic, with one unpaired electron per Mo center, reflecting the fact that the formal oxidation state is +5, leaving one valence electron on the metal center. Preparation and properties is prepared by chlorination of Mo metal but also chlorination of . The unstable hexachloride is not produced in this way. is reduced by acetonitrile to afford an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uranium Pentachloride
Uranium pentachloride is an inorganic chemical compound composed of uranium in the +5 oxidation state and five chlorine atoms. Preparation Uranium pentachloride can be prepared from the reaction of uranium trioxide with carbon tetrachloride, with a previously prepared amount of the compound serving as a catalyst. :4 UO3 + 10 CCl4 → 4 UCl5 + 10 COCl2 + O2 It can also be prepared from the reaction between uranium tetrachloride and chlorine in a fluidized bed reactor at 550 °C. Properties Uranium pentachloride is available as red-brown microcrystalline powders or black-red crystals with metallic sheen. Unlike the tetrachloride, it is soluble in liquid chlorine. It is very hygroscopic and decomposes into uranium hexachloride and uranium tetrachloride when in water or heated. Additionally, it reacts with some organic solvents such as alcohols, acetone, diethyl ether, or dioxane, but does form stable solutions in carbon tetrachloride, carbon disulfide, and thionyl chloride. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tungsten Pentachloride
Tungsten(V) chloride is an inorganic compound with the formula W2 Cl10. This compound is analogous in many ways to the more familiar molybdenum pentachloride. Synthesis The material is prepared by reduction of tungsten hexachloride. One method involves the use of tetrachloroethylene as the reductant :2 WCl6 + C2Cl4 → W2Cl10 + C2Cl6 The blue green solid is volatile under vacuum and slightly soluble in nonpolar solvents. The compound is oxophilic and is highly reactive toward Lewis bases. When the same reduction is conducted in the presence of tetraphenylarsonium chloride, one obtains instead the hexachlorotungstate(V) salt: : Structure The compound exists as a dimer, with a pair of octahedral tungsten(V) centres bridged Bridging may refer to: Construction * Building of bridges across a gap * Cross bracing used between joists to stabilize them Electronics and computing * In electronics, using a low source impedance to drive a large load impedance for maximum vol .. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protactinium Pentachloride
Protactinium(V) chloride is the chemical compound composed of protactinium and chlorine with the formula PaCl5. It forms yellow monoclinic crystals and has a unique structure composed of chains of 7 coordinate, pentagonal bipyramidal, protactinium atoms sharing edges.R. P. Dodge, G. S. Smith, Q. Johnson, R. E. Elson: „The Crystal Structure of Protactinium Pentachloride“, '' Acta Crystallogr.'', 1967, ''22'', 85–89; . Protactinium(V) chloride can react with boron tribromide at high temperatures to form protactinium(V) bromide.Georg Brauer (Hrsg.), unter Mitarbeit von Marianne Baudler u. a.: ''Handbuch der Präparativen Anorganischen Chemie.'' 3., umgearbeitete Auflage. Band I, Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart 1975, ISBN 3-432-02328-6, S. 1177. It also reacts with fluorine Fluorine is a chemical element; it has Chemical symbol, symbol F and atomic number 9. It is the lightest halogen and exists at Standard temperature and pressure, standard conditions as pale yellow Diatomic mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
