|
Penal Colony Of Clevelândia
The penal colony of Clevelândia, located in the current district of Clevelândia do Norte, Amapá, functioned from 1924 to 1926 in the extreme north of Brazil, bordering French Guiana. It was installed in the "Cleveland Colonial Nucleus", an agricultural colony founded in 1922, and received a total of 946 to 1,630 prisoners. They included enemies of president Artur Bernardes' Presidency of Artur Bernardes, government (''Tenentism, tenentist'' rebels, militant workers and Anarchism in Brazil, anarchists) and common prisoners (criminals from the "dregs of society" and the homeless, Capoeira carioca, ''capoeiras'', and minors caught on the streets). They came from Paraná (state), Paraná, São Paulo (state), São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro (state), Rio de Janeiro, Amazonas (Brazilian state), Amazonas and Pará. In addition to these, the colony's population was made up of Brazilian Army in the First Republic, Brazilian Army guards, employees, traders and settlers, the last three totaling ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
State Of Emergency In Brazil (1922–1927)
A State of emergency#Brazil, state of emergency was in force in Brazil for much of the period from 1922 to 1927, comprising the end of president Epitácio Pessoa's government (1919–1922), most of Artur Bernardes' government (Presidency of Artur Bernardes, 1922–1926), and the beginning of Washington Luís' government (Presidency of Washington Luís, 1926–1930). The measure was decreed after the Copacabana Fort revolt, on 5 July 1922, and remained in force in several regions of Brazil's territory until the end of the subsequent Tenentism, ''tenentist'' revolts in February 1927, with the exception of the first months of 1924. At its peak in 1925, it was in force in the Federal District of Brazil (1891–1960), Federal District and ten Federative units of Brazil, states. The state of emergency allowed the political elite of the First Brazilian Republic to defend itself with authoritarian measures at a time of crisis, but the apparent tranquility after its suspension came to an end ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazil–France Border
The Brazil–France border is the line, located in the Amazon Rainforest, that limits the territories of Brazil and France. The border is located between the Brazilian state of Amapá and French Guiana. It is in length. It is the longest border France shares with another country, despite not being located in metropolitan France. The second longest is the one with Spain, at . The Oyapock River defines part of the border and is spanned by the Oyapock River Bridge, the only bridge crossing the border, which connects the towns of Saint-Georges (French Guiana) and Oiapoque (Brazil). History The basis of this border dates back to the Peace Treaty of Utrecht signed between France and Portugal in 1713, which established the border between both the colonial holdings of both kingdoms in South America. Despite the treaty specifying the Japoc River as the border, disagreement between France and Brazil (as the heir of the Portuguese Empire) continued into the following centuries due ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shigellosis
Shigellosis, known historically as dysentery, is an infection of the intestines caused by ''Shigella'' bacteria. Symptoms generally start one to two days after exposure and include diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain, and feeling the need to pass stools even when the bowels are empty. The diarrhea may be bloody. Symptoms typically last five to seven days and it may take several months before bowel habits return entirely to normal. Complications can include reactive arthritis, sepsis, seizures, and hemolytic uremic syndrome. Shigellosis is caused by four specific types of ''Shigella''. These are typically spread by exposure to infected feces. This can occur via contaminated food, water, or hands or sexual contact. Contamination may be spread by flies or when changing diapers (nappies). Diagnosis is by stool culture. The risk of infection can be reduced by properly washing the hands. There is no vaccine. Shigellosis usually resolves without specific treatment. Rest, and suffic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paraná Campaign
The Paraná Campaign was the continuation of the São Paulo Revolt of 1924 in western Paraná from 1924 to 1925, concluding with the formation of the Miguel Costa-Prestes Column. Rebel '' tenentists'', led by Isidoro Dias Lopes, withdrew from São Paulo, went down the Paraná River and settled in the region from Guaíra to Foz do Iguaçu, from where they faced the forces of the Brazilian government, commanded by general Cândido Rondon from October 1924. In April 1925, another rebel column, led by Luís Carlos Prestes, arrived from Rio Grande do Sul and joined the São Paulo rebels. They entered Paraguay to escape the government siege and returned to Brazil through southern Mato Grosso, continuing their armed struggle. The conflict had a strong impact on the physical and social structures of the region and brought attention to the outside world to the Brazilian national consciousness. Several of the participating revolutionaries later occupied positions of power in the Estado ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catanduvas, Paraná
Catanduvas, Paraná is a municipality in the state of Paraná in the Southern Region of Brazil. See also *List of municipalities in Paraná This is a list of the municipalities in the state of Paraná (PR), located in the South Region of Brazil. Paraná is divided into 399 municipalities A municipality is usually a single administrative division having municipal corporation, corp ... References Municipalities in Paraná {{ParanáBR-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Public Forces (Brazil)
The Public Forces () of the Federative units of Brazil, states of Brazil were already called "small state armies" in the First Brazilian Republic (1889–1930) due to their martial character. They took part in the various List of rebellions and revolutions in Brazil#1st Republican period (1889–1930), struggles and rebellions of the period alongside, and sometimes against, the Brazilian Army in the First Republic, Brazilian Army. Their character was hybrid, police and warfare. They emerged in the federalism of the First Republic as shields of state power against central power, represented by the Army, and were dismantled by the federal government in the Vargas Era (1930–1945) onwards, losing their conventional warfare capabilities. The Empire of Brazil, Brazilian Empire already had militarized police forces, but its Provinces of Brazil, provinces were not autonomous. Only in the Republic did state presidents (governors) need military forces in their relations with each other an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aniba Rosaeodora
''Aniba rosaeodora'', also known as pau-rosa, is a species of Magnoliid tree in the family Lauraceae. Often confused as ''rosewood,'' the plant doesn't grow on any tree of the genus '' Dalbergia''. It grows in parts of the tropical rainforest of South America. It is an endangered species that is exploited due to its essential oil. Description ''Aniba rosodora'' grows in the tropical rainforests of South America. It is found in the Brazilian states of Amapá, Amazonas, and Pará. It is also found in Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela, and French Guiana, where it was formerly more widespread. It is massive, up to 30 meters in height and 2 meters in diameter, and evergreen. The entire tree is fragrant. Substances in the tree include linalool and rubranine. The flowers are perfect, with temporal dioecy. The fruit is a purple drupe dispersed by toucans. It has 24 chromosomes. Gene flow is high between wild populations. Uses The plant is one of the com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oyapock
The Oyapock or Oiapoque ( ; ; ) is a long river in South America that forms most of the border between the French overseas department of French Guiana and the Brazilian state of Amapá. Course The Oyapock runs through the Guianan moist forests ecoregion. It rises in the Tumuk Humak () mountain range and flows into the Atlantic Ocean, where its estuary forms a large bay bordering on Cape Orange. The mouth of the Oyapock is the northern ''end'' of Brazil's coastline, as it is where the border between Brazil and French Guiana meets the ocean, but nearby Cape Orange, which separates the Bay of Oyapock from the Atlantic Ocean, is the northernmost ''point'' of the Brazilian coast. In Brazil, both the cape and the mouth of the Oyapock are often mistaken for the whole country's northernmost point (rather than just of its coastline), and in the past this information could even be found in geography schoolbooks. Yet the true northernmost point in Brazil is actually far inland, on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vaccine Revolt
The Vaccine Revolt () was a popular riot that took place between 10 and 16 November 1904 in the city of Rio de Janeiro, then the capital of Brazil. Its immediate pretext was a law that made vaccination against smallpox compulsory, but it is also associated with deeper causes, such as the urban reforms being carried out by mayor Pereira Passos and the sanitation campaigns led by physician Oswaldo Cruz. At the beginning of the 20th century, the urban planning of the city of Rio de Janeiro, inherited from the Colonial Brazil, colonial period and the Empire of Brazil, Brazilian Empire, no longer matched its status as a capital and center of economic activities. In addition, the city suffered from serious public health problems. Diseases such as smallpox, bubonic plague and yellow fever ravaged the population and worried the authorities. In order to modernize the city and control such epidemics, president Francisco de Paula Rodrigues Alves, Rodrigues Alves initiated a series of urban a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francisco De Paula Rodrigues Alves
Francisco de Paula Rodrigues Alves, PC (; 7 July 1848 – 16 January 1919) was a Brazilian politician who first served as president of the Province of São Paulo in 1887, then as Treasury minister in the 1890s. Rodrigues Alves was elected the fifth president of Brazil in 1902 and served until 1906. During this term he remodeled the then Brazilian capital, Rio de Janeiro, an effort punctuated by the 1904 "Vaccine Revolt". He was elected president for a second term in 1918, but died in the influenza pandemic before assuming power, on 16 January 1919. He was succeeded by his vice-president, Delfim Moreira. Biography Rodrigues Alves was born in the city of Guaratinguetá, São Paulo. He graduated as a lawyer from the '' Faculdade de Direito do Largo de São Francisco'', São Paulo, in 1870. His public career started as councilman in his native city, from 1866 to 1870. He became prosecutor in 1870. In 1872 he became a member of the state house of representatives until 1879. Als ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
