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Pen Shell
The Pinnidae are a taxonomic family of large saltwater clams sometimes known as pen shells. They are marine bivalve molluscs in the order Pteriida. Shell description The shells of bivalves in this family are fragile and have a long and triangular shape, and in life the pointed end is anchored in sediment using a byssus. The shells have a thin but highly iridescent inner layer of nacre in the part of the shell near the umbos (the pointed end). The family Pinnidae includes the fan shell, ''Atrina fragilis'', and ''Pinna nobilis'', the source of sea silk. Some species are also fished for their food value. Human use As RosewaterRosewater, Joseph. (1961). “The Family Pinnidae in the Indo-Pacific.” ''Indo-Pacific Mollusca'', vol. 1, no. 4. September 28, 1961, pp. 175-176. commented in 1961: "“The Pinnidae have considerable economic importance in many parts of the world. They produce pearls of moderate value. In the Mediterranean area, material made from the holdfast or byss ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taxonomy (biology)
In biology, taxonomy () is the scientific study of naming, defining ( circumscribing) and classifying groups of biological organisms based on shared characteristics. Organisms are grouped into taxa (singular: taxon) and these groups are given a taxonomic rank; groups of a given rank can be aggregated to form a more inclusive group of higher rank, thus creating a taxonomic hierarchy. The principal ranks in modern use are domain, kingdom, phylum (''division'' is sometimes used in botany in place of ''phylum''), class, order, family, genus, and species. The Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus is regarded as the founder of the current system of taxonomy, as he developed a ranked system known as Linnaean taxonomy for categorizing organisms and binomial nomenclature for naming organisms. With advances in the theory, data and analytical technology of biological systematics, the Linnaean system has transformed into a system of modern biological classification intended to reflect the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sea Silk
Sea silk is an extremely fine, rare, and valuable fabric that is made from the long silky filaments or byssus secreted by a gland in the foot of pen shells (in particular '' Pinna nobilis''). The byssus is used by the clam to attach itself to the sea bed. Sea silk was produced in the Mediterranean region from the large marine bivalve mollusc ''Pinna nobilis'' until early in the 20th century. The animal, whose shell is sometimes almost a metre long, adheres itself pointed end down to rocks in the intertidal zone using a tuft of very strong thin fibres. These byssi or filaments (which can be six centimetres long) are spun and, when treated with lemon juice, turn a golden colour, which never fades. The cloth produced from these filaments can be woven even more finely than silk, and is extremely light and warm; it was said that a pair of women's gloves made from the fabric could fit into half a walnut shell and a pair of stockings in a snuffbox.In ''Spirals in Time,'' Scales ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fine Sea Silk Threads
Fine may refer to: Characters * Sylvia Fine (''The Nanny''), Fran's mother on ''The Nanny'' * Officer Fine, a character in ''Tales from the Crypt'', played by Vincent Spano Legal terms * Fine (penalty), money to be paid as punishment for an offence * Fine on alienation, a sum of money paid to a feudal lord when a tenant had occasion to make over his land to another * Fine of lands, an obsolete type of land conveyance to a new owner * Fine, a dated term for a premium on a lease of land Music * Fine (band), a late 1990s American band * ''Fine'' (album), a 1994 album by Snailhouse * "Fine" (Taeyeon song), 2017 * "Fine" (Whitney Houston song), 2000 * " F.I.N.E.*", a 1993 song by Aerosmith * "Fine", a song by James from the 2001 album '' Pleased to Meet You'' * "Fine", a song by Kylie Minogue from the 2014 album ''Kiss Me Once'' * "Fine", a song by Prism from the 1983 album ''Beat Street'' * "fine", a 2019 song by Mike Shinoda Brands and enterprises * Fine (brandy), a term for so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Von Martens
Eduard von Martens (18 April 1831 – 14 August 1904) also known as ''Carl'' or ''Karl Eduard von Martens'', was a German zoologist. Born in Stuttgart in 1831, von Martens attended university in Tübingen, where he graduated in 1855. He then moved to Berlin, where he would be based for the remainder of his career, both at the Zoological Museum of the Berlin University (from 1855) and, from 1859 on, at the . In 1860, he embarked on the ''Thetis'' expedition of the Prussian expedition to Eastern Asia. When the expedition returned to Europe in 1862, von Martens continued to travel around Maritime Southeast Asia for 15 months. He published the results of the "Thetis" expedition in two volumes, constituting the Zoologischer Theil of the "Preussische Expedition nach Ost-Asien." Vol. ii, consisting of 447 pages and 22 plates, contained a very full account of the land molluscs. Back in Berlin, von Martens was curator of the malacological and other invertebrate sections until his dea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Streptopinna
''Streptopinna'' is an Indo-Pacific genus of bivalve Bivalvia (), in previous centuries referred to as the Lamellibranchiata and Pelecypoda, is a class of marine and freshwater molluscs that have laterally compressed bodies enclosed by a shell consisting of two hinged parts. As a group, biv ... molluscs characterized by a roughly triangular outline. There is only one species ''Streptopinna saccata''. Pinnidae Taxa named by Eduard von Martens Bivalve genera Monotypic mollusc genera {{Bivalve-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
10th Edition Of Systema Naturae
The 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'' is a book written by Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus and published in two volumes in 1758 and 1759, which marks the starting point of zoological nomenclature. In it, Linnaeus introduced binomial nomenclature for animals, something he had already done for plants in his 1753 publication of ''Species Plantarum''. Starting point Before 1758, most biological catalogues had used polynomial names for the taxa included, including earlier editions of ''Systema Naturae''. The first work to consistently apply binomial nomenclature across the animal kingdom was the 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae''. The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature therefore chose 1 January 1758 as the "starting point" for zoological nomenclature, and asserted that the 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'' was to be treated as if published on that date. Names published before that date are unavailable, even if they would otherwise satisfy the rules. The onl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carl Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming organisms. He is known as the "father of modern taxonomy". Many of his writings were in Latin; his name is rendered in Latin as and, after his 1761 ennoblement, as . Linnaeus was born in Råshult, the countryside of Småland, in southern Sweden. He received most of his higher education at Uppsala University and began giving lectures in botany there in 1730. He lived abroad between 1735 and 1738, where he studied and also published the first edition of his ' in the Netherlands. He then returned to Sweden where he became professor of medicine and botany at Uppsala. In the 1740s, he was sent on several journeys through Sweden to find and classify plants and animals. In the 1750s and 1760s, he continued to coll ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pinna (bivalve)
''Pinna'' is a genus of bivalve molluscs belonging to the family Pinnidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Pinna Linnaeus, 1758. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138352 on 2022-01-16 The type species of the genus is ''Pinna rudis''. The most completely studied species in the genus is '' P. nobilis'', a Mediterranean pen shell which was historically important as the principal source of sea silk. Description These pen shells can reach a length of about . They are characterized by thin, elongated, wedge-shaped, and almost triangular shells with long, toothless edges. The surface of the shells shows radial ribs over their entire length. ''Pinna'' is distinguished from its sibling genus '' Atrina'' by the presence of a sulcus dividing the nacreous region of the valves, and the positioning of the adductor scar on the dorsal side of shells. These bivalves most commonly lie point-first on the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Edward Gray
John Edward Gray, Fellow of the Royal Society, FRS (12 February 1800 – 7 March 1875) was a British zoology, zoologist. He was the elder brother of zoologist George Robert Gray and son of the pharmacologist and botanist Samuel Frederick Gray (1766–1828). The same is used for a zoological name. Gray was Keeper of Zoology, keeper of zoology at the British Museum in London from 1840 until Christmas 1874, before the natural history holdings were split off to the Natural History Museum, London, Natural History Museum. He published several catalogues of the museum collections that included comprehensive discussions of animal groups and descriptions of new species. He improved the Zoological specimens, zoological collections to make them amongst the best in the world. Biography Gray was born in Walsall, but his family soon moved to London, where Gray studied medicine. He assisted his father in writing ''The Natural Arrangement of British Plants'' (1821). After being Blackballing, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atrina
''Atrina'' is a cosmopolitan genus of bivalve molluscs belonging to the family Pinnidae. A typical species is '' A. fragilis'', found in British waters. '' A. rigida'' ( Lightfoot, 1786) is found on the southeast coast of North America and in the West Indies. The type species is ''A. nigra'' ( Dillwyn, 1817, originally ''P. nigra''). ''Atrina'' is considered to represent the more primitive form within the Pinnidae; however, both genera '' Pinna'' and ''Atrina'' are very ancient. The genus ''Atrina'' is represented within the fossil record from the Triassic period to the Quaternary period (age range: 242.0 to 0.0 million years ago). These fossils have been found all over the world. Description Molluscs within this genus are characterized by elongated, wedge-shaped shells, distinguished from the genus '' Pinna'' by the lack of any grooves in the nacreous lining of the shell, and by the central positioning of the adductor scar. As with other pen shells (Pinnidae) they commonly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pinna Nobilis
''Pinna nobilis'', common name the noble pen shell or fan mussel, is a large species of Mediterranean clam, a marine bivalve mollusc in the family Pinnidae, the pen shells. *''Pinna gigas'' Chemnitz It reaches up to of shell length.Zavodnik, D., Hrs-Brenko, M., & Legac, M. (1991). Synopsis of the fan shell ''P. nobilis'' L. in the eastern Adriatic sea. In the C. F. Boudouresque, M. Avon, & V. Gravez (Eds.), ''Les Especes Marines a Proteger en Mediterranee'' (pp. 169–178). Marseille, France: GIS Posidonie publ. It produces a rare manganese-containing porphyrin protein known as pinnaglobin. Description The bivalve shell is usually long, but can reach . Its shape differs depending on the region it inhabits. Like all pen shells, it is relatively fragile to pollution and shell damage. It attaches itself to rocks using a strong byssus composed of many silk-like threads which used to be made into cloth. The animal secretes these fibres from its byssus gland; they consist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Family (biology)
Family ( la, familia, plural ') is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy. It is classified between order and genus. A family may be divided into subfamilies, which are intermediate ranks between the ranks of family and genus. The official family names are Latin in origin; however, popular names are often used: for example, walnut trees and hickory trees belong to the family Juglandaceae, but that family is commonly referred to as the "walnut family". What belongs to a family—or if a described family should be recognized at all—are proposed and determined by practicing taxonomists. There are no hard rules for describing or recognizing a family, but in plants, they can be characterized on the basis of both vegetative and reproductive features of plant species. Taxonomists often take different positions about descriptions, and there may be no broad consensus across the scientific community for some time. The publishing of new data and opi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
