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Pecan Scab
Pecan scab is the most economically significant disease of pecan trees (''Carya illinoinensis'') in the southeastern United States.Sanderlin, R. S. (n.d.). Pecan scab disease. Retrieved from http://www.lsuagcenter.com/NR/rdonlyres/A30CB512-CDB1-4DFB-8D41-9E6086DEF9EE/70679/ScabDisease_CorrectedName.pdf '' Venturia effusa'' is a fungal plant pathogen that causes pecan scab. The fungus causes lesions and tissue death on pecan twigs, petioles, leaves, nuts and shucks beginning in early spring, with multiple cycles of infection repeating until late summer. Wind and rain spread the fungus to a susceptible host. Control of the disease is achieved by fungicide, sanitation and, in some cases, quarantine.Smith, S., & Vann, S. (2013). Arkansas plant disease control products guide. Informally published manuscript, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Little Rock, AR, Retrieved from http://www.uaex.edu/Other_Areas/publications/PDF/MP154/pecan-diseases-commercial.pdf Since its firs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pecan
The pecan ( , , ; ''Carya illinoinensis'') is a species of hickory native to the Southern United States and northern Mexico in the region of the Mississippi River. The tree is cultivated for its seed primarily in the U.S. states of Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia, New Mexico, and Texas, and in Mexico. The seed is an edible nut used as a snack and in various recipes, such as Praline (nut confection), praline candy and pecan pie. The pecan is the state nut of Alabama, Arkansas, California, Texas, and Louisiana, and is also the state tree of Texas. Name derives from an Algonquian languages, Algonquian word variously referring to pecans, walnuts, and hickory nuts. There are many pronunciations, some regional and others not.See "wikt:pecan#Pronunciation, Pecan" at wikt:Main Page, Wiktionary. There is little agreement in the United States regarding the "correct" pronunciation, even regionally. In 1927, the National Pecan Growers Association acknowledged variant pronunciations whil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Venturia Effusa
''Venturia effusa'' is a sexual species in the fungal genus '' Venturia''. ''Venturia effusa'' was first described in 1885. ''Venturia effusa'' is a fungal pathogen of pecan trees (''Carya illinoinensis''), on which it causes pecan scab. The fungus is highly pathogenic and causes substantial economic losses throughout the southeastern United States. Genome The complete genome A genome is all the genetic information of an organism. It consists of nucleotide sequences of DNA (or RNA in RNA viruses). The nuclear genome includes protein-coding genes and non-coding genes, other functional regions of the genome such as ... sequence of ''Venturia effusa'', the first complete genome sequence of any species in the genus '' Venturia'', was reported in 2019. The 45 Mb genome comprises 20 chromosomes, ranging from 0.56 to 4.1 Mb, including approximately 10,800 genes. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q79274067 Venturiaceae ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fungus
A fungus (: fungi , , , or ; or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and mold (fungus), molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as one of the kingdom (biology)#Six kingdoms (1998), traditional eukaryotic kingdoms, along with Animalia, Plantae, and either Protista or Protozoa and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of motility, mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plant Pathogen
Plant diseases are diseases in plants caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, viruses, viroids, virus-like organisms, phytoplasmas, protozoa, nematodes and parasitic plants. Not included are ectoparasites like insects, mites, vertebrates, or other pests that affect plant health by eating plant tissues and causing injury that may admit plant pathogens. The study of plant disease is called plant pathology. Plant pathogens Fungi Most phytopathogenic fungi are Ascomycetes or Basidiomycetes. They reproduce both sexually and asexually via the production of spores and other structures. Spores may be spread long distances by air or water, or they may be soil borne. Many soil inhabiting fungi are capable of living saprotrophically, carrying out the role of their life cycle in the soil. These are facultative saprotrophs. Fungal diseases ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pecan Scab
Pecan scab is the most economically significant disease of pecan trees (''Carya illinoinensis'') in the southeastern United States.Sanderlin, R. S. (n.d.). Pecan scab disease. Retrieved from http://www.lsuagcenter.com/NR/rdonlyres/A30CB512-CDB1-4DFB-8D41-9E6086DEF9EE/70679/ScabDisease_CorrectedName.pdf '' Venturia effusa'' is a fungal plant pathogen that causes pecan scab. The fungus causes lesions and tissue death on pecan twigs, petioles, leaves, nuts and shucks beginning in early spring, with multiple cycles of infection repeating until late summer. Wind and rain spread the fungus to a susceptible host. Control of the disease is achieved by fungicide, sanitation and, in some cases, quarantine.Smith, S., & Vann, S. (2013). Arkansas plant disease control products guide. Informally published manuscript, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Little Rock, AR, Retrieved from http://www.uaex.edu/Other_Areas/publications/PDF/MP154/pecan-diseases-commercial.pdf Since its firs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Juglans
Walnut trees are any species of tree in the plant genus ''Juglans'', the type genus of the family (biology), family Juglandaceae, the seeds of which are referred to as walnuts. All species are deciduous trees, tall, with pinnate leaves , with 5–25 leaflets; the shoots have chambered pith, a character shared with the wingnut (plant), wingnuts (''Pterocarya''), but not the hickory, hickories (''Carya'') in the same family. The 21 species in the genus range across the north temperate Old World from southeast Europe east to Japan, and more widely in the New World from southeast Canada west to California and south to Argentina. Edible walnuts, which are consumed worldwide, are usually harvested from cultivated varieties of the species ''Juglans regia''. China produces half of the world total of walnuts. Etymology The common name ''walnut'' derives from Old English language, Old English ''wealhhnutu'', literally 'foreign nut' (from ''wealh'' 'foreign' + ''hnutu'' 'nut'), because ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conidium
A conidium ( ; : conidia), sometimes termed an asexual chlamydospore or chlamydoconidium (: chlamydoconidia), is an Asexual reproduction, asexual, non-motility, motile spore of a fungus. The word ''conidium'' comes from the Ancient Greek word for dust, ('). They are also called mitospores due to the way they are generated through the cellular process of mitosis. They are produced exogenously. The two new haploid cells are genetically identical to the haploid parent, and can develop into new organisms if conditions are favorable, and serve in biological dispersal. Asexual reproduction in ascomycetes (the phylum Ascomycota) is by the formation of conidia, which are borne on specialized stalks called conidiophores. The Morphology (biology), morphology of these specialized conidiophores is often distinctive between species and, before the development of molecular techniques at the end of the 20th century, was widely used for identification of (''e.g.'' ''Metarhizium#Species, Metarh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Teleomorph, Anamorph And Holomorph
In mycology, the terms teleomorph, anamorph, and holomorph apply to portions of the life cycles of fungi in the phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota: *Teleomorph: the sexual reproductive stage (morph), typically a fruiting body. *Anamorph: an asexual reproductive stage (morph), often mold-like. When a single fungus produces multiple morphologically distinct anamorphs, these are called synanamorphs. *Holomorph: the whole fungus, including anamorphs and teleomorph. The terms were introduced in 1981 to simplify the discussion of the procedures of the existing dual-naming system, which (1) permitted anamorphs to have their separate names but (2) treated teleomorphic names as having precedence for being used as the holomorphic name. The ''Melbourne Code'' removes the provisions and allows all names to compete on equal footing for priority as the correct name of a fungus, and hence does not use the term ''holomorph'' any more. Dual naming of fungi Fungi are classified primarily based o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dothideomycetes
Dothideomycetes is the largest and most diverse class of ascomycete fungi. It comprises 11 orders 90 families, 1,300 genera and over 19,000 known species. Wijayawardene et al. in 2020 added more orders to the class. Traditionally, most of its members were included in the loculoascomycetes, which is not part of the currently accepted classification. This indicates that several traditional morphological features in the class are not unique and DNA sequence comparisons are important to define the class. The designation loculoascomycetes was first proposed for all fungi which have ascolocular development. This type of development refers to the way in which the sexual structure, bearing the sexual spores ( ascospores) forms. Dothideomycetes mostly produce flask-like structures referred to as pseudothecia, although other shape variations do exist (e.g. see structures found in Hysteriales). During ascolocular development pockets ( locules) form first within the vegetative cells ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elliot Pecan
The Elliot Pecan, or Elliott Pecan, is a pecan variety planted predominantly in Georgia and Florida. The nut is distinguishable by its smooth shell and small, tear-drop shape. The first Elliot tree was a seedling in the lawn of the American lumberman Henry Elliot in Milton, Florida. The Elliot Pecan tree is among the most disease-resistant pecan trees planted in the Southeastern United States. History and characteristics The original Elliot tree in Henry Elliot's lawn had a trunk diameter of and was noted for its resistance to pecan scab and other diseases. The tree annually produced up to of pecan nuts. In 1919, the Elliot family shared some of their pecans with Mr. Harlan of Harlan Farms Nursery in Paxton, Florida. Mr. Harlan was so impressed with the quality of the Elliot Pecan that he planted a orchard of trees using bud wood that the Elliot family had given him. The orchard was then sold to Otis Mathis, whom the Florida Pecan Grower's Association credit with advancing the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fungal Tree Pathogens And Diseases
A fungus (: fungi , , , or ; or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as one of the traditional eukaryotic kingdoms, along with Animalia, Plantae, and either Protista or Protozoa and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of motility, mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related organisms, named the ''Eumycota'' (''true fungi'' or ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
