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Paulistas
Paulistas are the inhabitants of the state of São Paulo (state), São Paulo, Brazil, and of its antecessor the Capitaincy of São Vicente, whose capital early shifted from the village of São Vicente, Brazil, São Vicente to the one of São Paulo dos Campos de Piratininga. History Origin of the Paulistas The paulista history begins with the arrival of João Ramalho, João Ramalho Maldonado, a Portuguese people, Portuguese adventurer and explorer born in Vouzela, considered the "father of paulistas" and the "founder of paulistanity". Ramalho left continental Portugal for Terra de Vera Cruz when Catarina Fernandes das Vacas, his wife, was pregnant; the reasons why he left Europe are not known. Living in the Paulista lands probably since 1508, twenty-four years before the beginning of the Portuguese colonization in the region, he soon adapted to the land and the indigenous, coming to know Tibiriçá, a chief who became his friend. Ramalho got together with the Indian Bartira, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bandeirantes
''Bandeirantes'' (; ; singular: ''bandeirante'') were settlers in colonial Brazil who participated in expeditions to expand the colony's borders and subjugate Indigenous peoples in Brazil, indigenous peoples during the early modern period. They played a major role in expanding the colony to the modern-day borders of independent Brazil, beyond the boundaries demarcated by the 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas. ''Bandeirantes'' expeditions also involved the capture and subjugation of indigenous peoples. Most ''bandeirantes'' were based in the region of São Paulo (state), São Paulo, which was part of the Captaincy of São Vicente from 1534 to 1709 and the Captaincy of São Paulo from 1709 to 1821. The city of São Paulo served as the home base for the most famous ''bandeirantes''. Some ''bandeirantes'' were descended from Portuguese colonists who settled in São Paulo, but most were of ''mameluco'' descent with both Portuguese and indigenous ancestry. This was due to miscegenation b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
São Paulo (state)
São Paulo (, ) is one of the Federative units of Brazil, 26 states of the Brazil, Federative Republic of Brazil and is named after Paul the Apostle, Saint Paul of Tarsus. It is located in the Southeast Region, Brazil, Southeast Region and is bordered by the states of Minas Gerais to the north and northeast, Paraná (state), Paraná to the south, Rio de Janeiro (state), Rio de Janeiro to the east and Mato Grosso do Sul to the west, in addition to the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast. It is divided into List of municipalities in São Paulo, 645 municipalities. The total area is km2, which is equivalent to 2.9% of Brazil's surface, being slightly larger than the United Kingdom. Its capital is the São Paulo, municipality of São Paulo. With more than 44 million inhabitants in 2022, São Paulo is the Federative units of Brazil#List, most populous Brazilian state (around 22% of the Brazilian population), the List of first-level administrative divisions by population, world's 28th-mos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caipiras
Caipiras ( in Caipira dialect) are the traditional population of the Brazilian state of São Paulo. Later, with the expansion of São Paulo's influence to other regions of the country, other states also had Caipiras in their localities, like Goiás, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, and Paraná. All the regions where Caipira culture predominates are grouped into a cultural area, known since the 20th century as Paulistania. During the period of the Colonial Brazil, the Caipiras were speakers of the Paulista General Language, today a dead language; currently, they have their own dialect, which preserves elements of this language and Medieval Galician. The Caipira and its culture is considered by intellectuals as an evolution of the old Paulista society and the Bandeirante culture. Origin and etymology The first Caipiras were the Bandeirantes, a group of explorers who set out from São Paulo, exploring the backlands in search of metals and precious stones. Whe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paulista General Language
The Paulista General Language, also called Southern General Language and Austral Tupi, was a lingua franca and creole language formed in the 16th century, in the Captaincy of São Vicente. Today it is only of historical interest, as it has been a dead language since the beginning of the 20th century. It constituted the southern branch of the Língua Geral. With influence on Brazilian toponymy, the Paulista General Language bequeathed many current Brazilian toponyms, such as Aricanduva, Baquirivu-Guaçu, Batovi, Batuquara, Bicuíba, Biriricas, and others. In 2014, during research at the University of Campinas, a new source of studies for the language was identified. The document, entitled ''Vocabulário Elementar da Língua Geral Brasílica'' (Elementary Vocabulary of the General Brasílica Language), was published in 1936 in the Journal of the Municipal Archive of São Paulo. Although the title mentions the Brasílica language (ancient Tupi), the vocabulary written by Jos� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Italo-Paulista
The Italo-Paulista (''Íntalo-baolista''), also known as Paulistalian, is a language that blends Italian dialects with the Caipira dialect. It was widely spoken by Italian immigrants and their descendants until the early 1960s in São Paulo State, especially in the Greater São Paulo region. Italo-Paulista or Paulistalian was commonly spoken on the streets of São Paulo. In 1911, the poet Oswald de Andrade, of Portuguese descent, under the Italian pseudonym "Annibale Scipione," created the magazine ''Cartas D’Abax’O Pigues'', using language as a means of publication. Consequently, in 1915, the Brazilian magazine ''O Queixoso'' used the expression "''língua do Abaixo Piques''" ("Abaixo Piques language") to promote the Italo-Paulista publication ''La Divina Increnca'' by Juó Bananère. History At the beginning of the 20th century, Italian and its dialects were spoken almost as much as Portuguese in São Paulo, influencing the formation of the current Paulista dialect. Wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caipira Dialect
Caipira (Caipira pronunciation: ajˈpiɹɐor ajˈpiɹ ) is a dialect of the Portuguese language spoken in localities of Caipira influence, mainly in the interior of the state of São Paulo, in the eastern south of Mato Grosso do Sul, in the Triângulo and southern Minas Gerais, in the south of Goiás, in the far north, center and west of Paraná, as well as in other regions of the interior of the state. Its delimitation and characterization dates back to 1920, with Amadeu Amaral's work, ''O Dialecto Caipira''. History The formation of the caipira dialect began with the arrival of the Portuguese in São Vicente in the sixteenth century. Ongoing research points to several influences, such as Galician-Portuguese, represented in some archaic aspects of the dialect, and the ''língua geral paulista'', a Tupian Portuguese-like creole codified by the Jesuits. The westward colonial expansion by the Bandeirantes expedition spread the dialect throughout a dialectal and cultural con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caiçaras
Caiçaras () are a people who inhabit the coastlines of the Brazil, Brazilian states of Paraná (state), Paraná, São Paulo (state), São Paulo and Santa Catarina (state), Santa Catarina, and the municipalities of Paraty and Angra dos Reis, in the south of Rio de Janeiro (state), Rio de Janeiro. They were formed from the intermixing of Indigenous peoples in Brazil, Indigenous, Africa, Africans and Portuguese people. The main basis of Caiçara culture is artisanal fishing, cultivation of small gardens, hunting, plant extraction and handicrafts. Origins The name ''caiçara'' comes from the Tupi language ''ka'aysá'' (or ''ka'aysara''), a rustic fence made of tree branches. The fences would surround a village, or would be used for trapping fish. Over time it came to be used for the huts built on the beaches, and then for the inhabitants. The people are of mixed African, indigenous, and European origins. Their origins and customs are similar to the caipiras who live further inland. I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1946
1946 (Roman numerals, MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1946th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 946th year of the 2nd millennium, the 46th year of the 20th century, and the 7th year of the 1940s decade. Events January * January 6 – The 1946 North Vietnamese parliamentary election, first general election ever in Vietnam is held. * January 7 – The Allies of World War II recognize the Austrian republic with its 1937 borders, and divide the country into four Allied-occupied Austria, occupation zones. * January 10 ** The first meeting of the United Nations is held, at Methodist Central Hall Westminster in London. ** ''Project Diana'' bounces radar waves off the Moon, measuring the exact distance between the Earth and the Moon, and proves that communication is possible between Earth and outer space, effectively opening the Space Age. * January 11 – Enver Hoxha declares the People's Republic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caboclo
A caboclo () is a person of mixed Indigenous Brazilian and European ancestry, or, less commonly, a culturally assimilated or detribalized person of full Amerindian descent. In Brazil, a ''caboclo'' generally refers to this specific type of '' mestiço''. The term, also pronounced "caboco", is from Brazilian Portuguese, and perhaps ultimately from the Tupi ''kaa'boc'', meaning "the one who comes from the forest". A person of mixed Indigenous Brazilian and sub-Saharan black ancestry is known as a "'' cafuzo''." In the 1872 and 1890 censuses, 3.9% and 9.04% of the population self-identified as caboclos, respectively. Since then, caboclos are counted as pardos, along with mulattoes (mixed Black-White) and cafuzos (mixed Amerindian-Black). A survey performed in Rio de Janeiro showed that 14% of Whites and 6% of Pardos reported Amerindian and White ancestry. According to some estimations, caboclos would be around 12% of Brazilian population. Etymology The term ''caboclo'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South America
South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a considerably smaller portion in the Northern Hemisphere. It can also be described as the southern Subregion#Americas, subregion of the Americas. South America is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean, on the north and east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south by the Drake Passage; North America and the Caribbean Sea lie to the northwest. The continent includes twelve sovereign states: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, and Venezuela; two dependent territory, dependent territories: the Falkland Islands and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands; and one administrative division, internal territory: French Guiana. The Dutch Caribbean ABC islands (Leeward Antilles), ABC islands (Aruba, Bonaire, and Curaçao) and Trinidad and Tobago are geologically located on the South-American continental shel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mato Grosso
Mato Grosso ( – ) is one of the states of Brazil, the List of Brazilian states by area, third largest by area, located in the Central-West Region, Brazil, Central-West region. The state has 1.66% of the Brazilian population and is responsible for 1.9% of the Brazilian GDP. Neighboring states (from west clockwise) are: Rondônia, Amazonas State, Brazil, Amazonas, Pará, Tocantins, Goiás and Mato Grosso do Sul. It is divided into 142 municipalities and covers an area of 903,357 square kilometers, consequently the state is roughly 82.2% of the size of its southwest neighbor, the nation of Bolivia. A state with a flat landscape that alternates between vast ''chapadas'' and plain areas, Mato Grosso contains three main ecosystems: the Cerrado, the Pantanal and the Amazon rainforest. The Chapada dos Guimarães National Park, with its caves, grottoes, tracks, and waterfalls, is one of its tourist attractions. The extreme northwest of the state has a small part of the Amazonian fores ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vice-kingdom Of Brazil
The Viceroyalty of Brazil refers, in narrow scope, to office of viceroy of the Portuguese colonial State of Brazil and, in broad scope, to the whole State of Brazil during the historic period when its governors had the title of "viceroy". The term "viceroyalty" however never officially designated the title of the colony, which continued to be designated "state". Until 1763, the title "Viceroy" was occasionally granted to some governors of Brazil who were members of the high nobility, with the remaining keeping the title "governor-general". From around 1763, the title "viceroy" became permanent, so being granted to all governors. The position of viceroy was abolished, when the Portuguese court transferred to Brazil in 1808, with the State of Brazil becoming directly administered by the Portuguese Government seated in Rio de Janeiro. History Since the 17th century, the title of "viceroy" was granted occasionally to some governors of the State of Brazil, who were members of the Por ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
