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Parrotfishes
Parrotfish (named for their mouths, which resemble a parrot's beak) are a clade of fish placed in the tribe Scarini of the wrasse family (Labridae). Traditionally treated as their own family (Scaridae), genetic studies have found them to be deeply nested within the wrasses, and they are now treated as a subfamily (Scarinae) or tribe (Scarini) of them. With roughly 95 species, this group's largest species richness is in the Indo-Pacific. They are found in coral reefs, rocky coasts, and seagrass beds, and can play a significant role in bioerosion. Taxonomy Traditionally, the parrotfishes have been considered to be a family level taxon, Scaridae. Although phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses of parrotfishes are ongoing, they are now accepted to be a clade in the wrasses closely related to the tribe Cheilini, and are now commonly referred to as scarine labrids (tribe Scarini, family Labridae). Some authorities have preferred to maintain the parrotfishes as a family-level taxon,Ra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scarus
''Scarus'' is a genus of parrotfishes. With 52 currently recognised Extant taxon, extant species,Froese, R. and D. Pauly, Eds''Scarus''.FishBase. 2013. it is by far the largest parrotfish genus. The vast majority are found at coral reef, reefs in the Indo-Pacific, but a small number of species are found in the warmer parts of the eastern Pacific and the western Atlantic, with a single species, ''Scarus hoefleri'' in the eastern Atlantic. The genus name ''Scarus'' comes from the Greek word σκάρος (''skáros''), which refers to parrotfishes. Evolution ''Scarus'' is most closely related to its Sister group, sister genus ''Chlorurus''. Most recent phylogenetic analyses find that the two genera diverged during the late Miocene (Messinian). In both genera, most of their Speciation, diversification occurred some time later, within the last 3.5 million years during the Pliocene. In contrast, coral reefs in their modern form were established much earlier, during the Miocene. Mos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sparisoma
''Sparisoma'' is a genus of parrotfishes native to warmer parts of the Atlantic. FishBase recognizes 15 species in this genus, including ''S. rocha'' described from Trindade Island in 2010 and ''S. choati'' described from the East Atlantic in 2012.Rocha, Brito, and Robertson (2012). ''Sparisoma choati, a new species of Parrotfish (Labirdae: Scarinae) from the tropical eastern Atlantic''. Zootaxa, 3152: 61-67. They are the most important grazers of algae in the Caribbean Sea, especially since sea urchins, especially ''Diadema (sea urchin), Diadema'', the other prominent consumers of algae, have been reduced in many places by a recent epidemic. The name was proposed by William Swainson as a subgenus of ''Scarus''. ''Sparus'' in Latin is a golden-headed fish, and ''soma'' means "body". The common spelling ''Sparisomus'' is incorrect. Taxonomy William Swainson described the genus ''Sparisoma'' in 1839 and he designated ''Sparus abildgaardi'' as its type species, Although the specif ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wrasse
The wrasses are a family, Labridae, of marine ray-finned fish, many of which are brightly colored. The family is large and diverse, with over 600 species in 81 genera, which are divided into nine subgroups or tribes. They are typically small, most of them less than long, although the largest, the humphead wrasse, can measure up to . They are efficient carnivores, feeding on a wide range of small invertebrates. Many smaller wrasses follow the feeding trails of larger fish, picking up invertebrates disturbed by their passing. Juveniles of some representatives of the genera ''Bodianus'', '' Epibulus'', '' Cirrhilabrus'', '' Oxycheilinus'', and '' Paracheilinus'' hide among the tentacles of the free-living mushroom corals and '' Heliofungia actiniformis''. Etymology The word "wrasse" comes from the Cornish word ''wragh'', a lenited form of ''gwragh'', meaning an old woman or hag, via Cornish dialect ''wrath''. It is related to the Welsh ''gwrach'' and Breton ''gwrac'h''. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leptoscarus
The marbled parrotfish (''Leptoscarus vaigiensis''), also known as the seagrass parrotfish, is a species of parrotfish, the only known member of the genus ''Leptoscarus''. It has a wide Indo-Pacific distribution and is also found in the southeastern Atlantic Ocean. It is a coastal species found in beds of sea grass and seaweed. Description The marbled parrotfish is brown to green with darker mottling on the back fading to yellow or greenish ventrally. The males are marked with a pale longitudinal strip along their flanks and the head, body, dorsal fin and anal fin are marked with small blue spots. The females are mottled brown and white. On the head the females have broad bands which radiate from the eyes. This species has 9 spines and 10 soft rays in the dorsal fin while the anal fin has 3 spines and 9 soft rays and there are 13 rays in the pectoral fin. The distinctive narrow dental plates are fused into a parrot-like beak and are covered in numerous small teeth. When its mou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Labriformes
Labriformes is an Order (biology), order of ray-finned fishes within the clade Percomorpha. Some authors include the Labriformes as the clade Labroidei within the Perciformes while others include more Family (biology), families within the Labriformes, such as the cichlids and damselfishes. This order was previously restricted to Wrasse, wrasses, Parrotfish, parrotfishes, Odacidae, cales, and their close relatives, but most recent studies suggest that the Labriformes also contains highly aberrant groups such as the Stargazer (fish), stargazers and Sand lance, sand lances, which are placed in their own suborder. Almost all members of this order are marine, with the only exception being the amphidromous torrentfish of New Zealand. Families The following families are classified within this order, based on Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes, Catalog of Fishes (2025): * Order Labriformes ** Suborder Labroidei *** Family Centrogenyidae Henry Weed Fowler, Fowler, 1907 (false scorpionfishes) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chlorurus
''Chlorurus '' is a genus of parrotfish from the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Etymology The word ''Chlorurus'' comes from the Greek language, Greek words 'chloros', which means green and 'oura', which means tail. Evolution ''Chlorurus'' is most closely related to its Sister group, sister genus ''Scarus''. Most recent phylogenetic analyses find that the two genera diverged during the late Miocene (Messinian). In both genera, most of their Speciation, diversification occurred some time later, within the last 3.5 million years during the Pliocene. In contrast, coral reefs in their modern form were established much earlier, during the Miocene. A 2012 phylogenetic analysis of 16 of the 18 ''Chlorurus'' species recovered 5 major Monophyly, monophyletic clades. Species There are 18 species: References Chlorurus, Marine fish genera Taxa named by William Swainson {{Labridae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Percomorpha
Percomorpha () is an extremely large and diverse clade of ray-finned fish. With more than 17,000 known species (including Scombroidei, tuna, Syngnathiformes, seahorses, gobies, Cichlidae, cichlids, flatfish, Labridae, wrasse, Perciformes, perches, Lophiiformes, anglerfish, and Tetraodontiformes, pufferfish) known from both marine and freshwater ecosystems, it is the most speciose clade of extant Vertebrate, vertebrates. Evolution Percomorpha are the most biodiversity, diverse group of teleost fish today. Teleosts, and percomorphs in particular, thrived during the Cenozoic Era (geology), era. Fossil evidence shows that there was a major increase in size and abundance of teleosts immediately after the mass extinction event at the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary ago. The oldest known percomorph fossils are of the early Tetraodontiformes, tetraodontiforms ''Protriacanthus'' and Cretatriacanthidae from the Santonian to Campanian of Italy and Slov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bolbometopon Muricatum
The green humphead parrotfish (''Bolbometopon muricatum'') is the largest species of parrotfish, growing to lengths of and weighing up to . It is found on reefs in the Indian and Pacific Oceans, from the Red Sea in the west to Samoa in the east, and from the Yaeyama Islands in the north to the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, in the south. Other common names include bumphead parrotfish, humphead parrotfish, double-headed parrotfish, buffalo parrotfish, and giant parrotfish. It is the only species in the monotypic genus ''Bolbometopon''. Fossil remains of ''Bolbometopon'' sp. are known from the Late Miocene of Sri Lanka. Description Unlike wrasses, it has a vertical head profile, and unlike other parrotfishes, it is uniformly covered with scales except for the leading edge of the head, which is often light green to pink. Primary phase colouration is a dull gray with scattered white spots, gradually becoming uniformly dark green. This species does not display sex-associated pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phylogenetic
In biology, phylogenetics () is the study of the evolutionary history of life using observable characteristics of organisms (or genes), which is known as phylogenetic inference. It infers the relationship among organisms based on empirical data and observed heritable traits of DNA sequences, protein amino acid sequences, and morphology. The results are a phylogenetic tree—a diagram depicting the hypothetical relationships among the organisms, reflecting their inferred evolutionary history. The tips of a phylogenetic tree represent the observed entities, which can be living taxa or fossils. A phylogenetic diagram can be rooted or unrooted. A rooted tree diagram indicates the hypothetical common ancestor of the taxa represented on the tree. An unrooted tree diagram (a network) makes no assumption about directionality of character state transformation, and does not show the origin or "root" of the taxa in question. In addition to their use for inferring phylogenetic pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
