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Parrotfish
Parrotfish (named for their mouths, which resemble a parrot's beak) are a clade of fish placed in the tribe Scarini of the wrasse family (Labridae). Traditionally treated as their own family (Scaridae), genetic studies have found them to be deeply nested within the wrasses, and they are now treated as a subfamily (Scarinae) or tribe (Scarini) of them. With roughly 95 species, this group's largest species richness is in the Indo-Pacific. They are found in coral reefs, rocky coasts, and seagrass beds, and can play a significant role in bioerosion. Taxonomy Traditionally, the parrotfishes have been considered to be a family level taxon, Scaridae. Although phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses of parrotfishes are ongoing, they are now accepted to be a clade in the wrasses closely related to the tribe Cheilini, and are now commonly referred to as scarine labrids (tribe Scarini, family Labridae). Some authorities have preferred to maintain the parrotfishes as a family-level taxon, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scarus
''Scarus'' is a genus of parrotfishes. With 52 currently recognised Extant taxon, extant species,Froese, R. and D. Pauly, Eds''Scarus''.FishBase. 2013. it is by far the largest parrotfish genus. The vast majority are found at coral reef, reefs in the Indo-Pacific, but a small number of species are found in the warmer parts of the eastern Pacific and the western Atlantic, with a single species, ''Scarus hoefleri'' in the eastern Atlantic. The genus name ''Scarus'' comes from the Greek word σκάρος (''skáros''), which refers to parrotfishes. Evolution ''Scarus'' is most closely related to its Sister group, sister genus ''Chlorurus''. Most recent phylogenetic analyses find that the two genera diverged during the late Miocene (Messinian). In both genera, most of their Speciation, diversification occurred some time later, within the last 3.5 million years during the Pliocene. In contrast, coral reefs in their modern form were established much earlier, during the Miocene. Mos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scarinae
Parrotfish (named for their mouths, which resemble a parrot's beak) are a clade of fish placed in the tribe Scarini of the wrasse family (Labridae). Traditionally treated as their own family (Scaridae), genetic studies have found them to be deeply nested within the wrasses, and they are now treated as a subfamily (Scarinae) or tribe (Scarini) of them. With roughly 95 species, this group's largest species richness is in the Indo-Pacific. They are found in coral reefs, rocky coasts, and seagrass beds, and can play a significant role in bioerosion. Taxonomy Traditionally, the parrotfishes have been considered to be a family level taxon, Scaridae. Although phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses of parrotfishes are ongoing, they are now accepted to be a clade in the wrasses closely related to the tribe Cheilini, and are now commonly referred to as scarine labrids (tribe Scarini, family Labridae). Some authorities have preferred to maintain the parrotfishes as a family-level taxon,Ra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sparisoma
''Sparisoma'' is a genus of parrotfishes native to warmer parts of the Atlantic. FishBase recognizes 15 species in this genus, including ''S. rocha'' described from Trindade Island in 2010 and ''S. choati'' described from the East Atlantic in 2012.Rocha, Brito, and Robertson (2012). ''Sparisoma choati, a new species of Parrotfish (Labirdae: Scarinae) from the tropical eastern Atlantic''. Zootaxa, 3152: 61-67. They are the most important grazers of algae in the Caribbean Sea, especially since sea urchins, especially ''Diadema (sea urchin), Diadema'', the other prominent consumers of algae, have been reduced in many places by a recent epidemic. The name was proposed by William Swainson as a subgenus of ''Scarus''. ''Sparus'' in Latin is a golden-headed fish, and ''soma'' means "body". The common spelling ''Sparisomus'' is incorrect. Taxonomy William Swainson described the genus ''Sparisoma'' in 1839 and he designated ''Sparus abildgaardi'' as its type species, Although the specif ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leptoscarus
The marbled parrotfish (''Leptoscarus vaigiensis''), also known as the seagrass parrotfish, is a species of parrotfish, the only known member of the genus ''Leptoscarus''. It has a wide Indo-Pacific distribution and is also found in the southeastern Atlantic Ocean. It is a coastal species found in beds of sea grass and seaweed. Description The marbled parrotfish is brown to green with darker mottling on the back fading to yellow or greenish ventrally. The males are marked with a pale longitudinal strip along their flanks and the head, body, dorsal fin and anal fin are marked with small blue spots. The females are mottled brown and white. On the head the females have broad bands which radiate from the eyes. This species has 9 spines and 10 soft rays in the dorsal fin while the anal fin has 3 spines and 9 soft rays and there are 13 rays in the pectoral fin. The distinctive narrow dental plates are fused into a parrot-like beak and are covered in numerous small teeth. When its mou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bolbometopon
The green humphead parrotfish (''Bolbometopon muricatum'') is the largest species of parrotfish, growing to lengths of and weighing up to . It is found on reefs in the Indian and Pacific Oceans, from the Red Sea in the west to Samoa in the east, and from the Yaeyama Islands in the north to the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, in the south. Other common names include bumphead parrotfish, humphead parrotfish, double-headed parrotfish, buffalo parrotfish, and giant parrotfish. It is the only species in the monotypic genus ''Bolbometopon''. Fossil remains of ''Bolbometopon'' sp. are known from the Late Miocene of Sri Lanka. Description Unlike wrasses, it has a vertical head profile, and unlike other parrotfishes, it is uniformly covered with scales except for the leading edge of the head, which is often light green to pink. Primary phase colouration is a dull gray with scattered white spots, gradually becoming uniformly dark green. This species does not display sex-associated pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calotomus
''Calotomus'' is a parrotfish genus from the Indo-Pacific, with a single species ranging into the warmer parts of the east Pacific. Compared to most of their relatives, their colours are relatively dull. Several species in this genus are associated with sea grass beds, but most can also be seen at reefs. Species The genus includes these extant species: * '' Calotomus carolinus'' (Valenciennes, 1840) (Carolines parrotfish) * '' Calotomus japonicus'' (Valenciennes, 1840) (Japanese parrotfish) * '' Calotomus spinidens'' ( Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) (Spinytooth parrotfish) * '' Calotomus viridescens'' ( Rüppell, 1835) (Viridescent parrotfish) * '' Calotomus zonarchus'' (Jenkins Jenkins may refer to: People * Jenkins (name), history of the surname * List of people with surname Jenkins * The Jenkins, country music group Places United States * Jenkins, Illinois *Jenkins, Kentucky * Jenkins, Minnesota * Jenkins, Missour ..., 1903) (Yellowbar parrotfish) The fossil species, †'' Ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wrasse
The wrasses are a family, Labridae, of marine ray-finned fish, many of which are brightly colored. The family is large and diverse, with over 600 species in 81 genera, which are divided into nine subgroups or tribes. They are typically small, most of them less than long, although the largest, the humphead wrasse, can measure up to . They are efficient carnivores, feeding on a wide range of small invertebrates. Many smaller wrasses follow the feeding trails of larger fish, picking up invertebrates disturbed by their passing. Juveniles of some representatives of the genera ''Bodianus'', '' Epibulus'', '' Cirrhilabrus'', '' Oxycheilinus'', and '' Paracheilinus'' hide among the tentacles of the free-living mushroom corals and '' Heliofungia actiniformis''. Etymology The word "wrasse" comes from the Cornish word ''wragh'', a lenited form of ''gwragh'', meaning an old woman or hag, via Cornish dialect ''wrath''. It is related to the Welsh ''gwrach'' and Breton ''gwrac'h''. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scarus Frenatus
''Scarus frenatus'' is a species of parrotfish. Common names include bridled parrotfish, sixband or six-banded parrotfish or vermiculate parrotfish. Description This species grows to a maximum length of 47 cm, and can be distinguished by its patterns and colouration. Its appearance changes during its life phases. During the initial phase, it has a reddish to brown colour, six to seven dark, horizontal stripes along its body, and red fins. In males, during the terminal phase, the posterior of the body and the lower half of the head appear abruptly lighter. Also, in males, the caudal fins appear blue-green with a large, orange, crescent-shaped area. Distribution ''Scarus frenatus'' is found in the Indo-Pacific region from the Red Sea to the Line Islands and Ducie Island, and as far north as southern Japan, to its southernmost location at Shark Bay in Western Australia, Lord Howe Island, and Rapa Iti in French Polynesia. It is not found in the waters of Hawaii. Habitat and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chlorurus
''Chlorurus '' is a genus of parrotfish from the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Etymology The word ''Chlorurus'' comes from the Greek language, Greek words 'chloros', which means green and 'oura', which means tail. Evolution ''Chlorurus'' is most closely related to its Sister group, sister genus ''Scarus''. Most recent phylogenetic analyses find that the two genera diverged during the late Miocene (Messinian). In both genera, most of their Speciation, diversification occurred some time later, within the last 3.5 million years during the Pliocene. In contrast, coral reefs in their modern form were established much earlier, during the Miocene. A 2012 phylogenetic analysis of 16 of the 18 ''Chlorurus'' species recovered 5 major Monophyly, monophyletic clades. Species There are 18 species: References Chlorurus, Marine fish genera Taxa named by William Swainson {{Labridae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coral Reef
A coral reef is an underwater ecosystem characterized by reef-building corals. Reefs are formed of colonies of coral polyps held together by calcium carbonate. Most coral reefs are built from stony corals, whose polyps cluster in groups. Coral belongs to the class Anthozoa in the animal phylum Cnidaria, which includes sea anemones and jellyfish. Unlike sea anemones, corals secrete hard carbonate exoskeletons that support and protect the coral. Most reefs grow best in warm, shallow, clear, sunny and agitated water. Coral reefs first appeared 485 million years ago, at the dawn of the Early Ordovician, displacing the microbial and sponge reefs of the Cambrian. Sometimes called ''rainforests of the sea'', shallow coral reefs form some of Earth's most diverse ecosystems. They occupy less than 0.1% of the world's ocean area, about half the area of France, yet they provide a home for at least 25% of all marine species, including fish, mollusks, worms, crustaceans, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cetoscarus
''Cetoscarus'' is a genus of parrotfish native to the Indo-Pacific The Indo-Pacific is a vast biogeographic region of Earth. In a narrow sense, sometimes known as the Indo-West Pacific or Indo-Pacific Asia, it comprises the tropical waters of the Indian Ocean, the western and central Pacific Ocean, and the .... Species References Taxa named by J. L. B. Smith Marine fish genera Perciformes genera {{Labriformes-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
