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Parkour
Parkour () is an athletic Training#Physical training, training discipline or sport in which practitioners (called ''traceurs'') attempt to get from one point to another in the fastest and most efficient way possible, without assisting equipment and often while performing feats of acrobatics. With roots in military obstacle course training and martial arts, parkour includes Flip (acrobatic), flipping, running, climbing, :wikt:swing, swinging, vault (urban movement), vaulting, jumping, plyometrics, roll (gymnastics), rolling, and crawling (human), quadrupedal movement—whatever is suitable for a given situation. Parkour is an activity that can be practiced alone or with others, and is usually carried out in Urban area, urban spaces, though it can be done anywhere. It involves seeing one's environment in a new way, and envisioning the potential for navigating it by movement around, across, through, over and under its features. Historically, Flip (acrobatic), flips and other Acroba ...
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Freerunning
Freerunning is an athletic and acrobatic discipline incorporating an aesthetic element, and can be considered either a sport or a performance art, or both. Freerunning is similar to parkour, from which it is derived, but emphasizes artistry over efficiency and speed. Freerunning involves interacting with physical obstacles in creative ways, such as by climbing, jumping or running; the obstacles may be purpose-built or may be part of a pre-existing natural or man-made environment. The movements are usually adopted from other sports, such as gymnastics, tricking or breakdancing. Freerunners can create their own moves, flows and lines in different landscapes. Practitioners of freerunning usually do parkour as well. Freerunning was founded by Sebastien Foucan, who discussed the subject in 2003 documentary film '' Jump London''. Foucan developed freerunning as a more inclusive form of ''parkour''. Parkour's efficient military style obstacle course training lends itself to martial ar ...
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David Belle
David Nicolas Williams Belle (born 29 April 1973) is a French actor, film choreographer and stunt coordinator. He is deemed the founder and leading pioneer of the physical discipline parkour, coining it based on his training and the teachings from his father Raymond Belle. Belle came to fame via his parkour videos and film appearances, such as '' District 13'', '' District 13: Ultimatum'', which were written and produced by Luc Besson, and the American remake '' Brick Mansions''. Belle has also consulted on the making of '' Babylon A.D.'', ''Prince of Persia'', ''Colombiana'' and '' The Family''. He is the chair of the Parkour Committee of the International Federation of Gymnastics. Life and career Belle was born and raised in Fécamp, the son of Monique and Raymond Belle of Paris. His grandfather Gilbert Kitten, father Raymond, and brother Jean-François Belle were highly skilled rescuers in the Military Paris Fire Brigade. His father Raymond Belle was from Vietnam, and wa ...
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Sébastien Foucan
Sébastien Foucan (born 27 May 1974) is a French freerunner. He is the founder of freerunning and considered an early developer of parkour. Known for his views on the philosophy of parkour and freerunning, Foucan stresses the need for training in the basics of both for individual safety and to maintain a positive public perception of the activities. In 2002, Foucan featured in a television advertisement for the Nike Presto running shoe. He became known in the United Kingdom after Mike Christie's Channel 4 documentary '' Jump London'' in September 2003 and the subsequent documentary '' Jump Britain''. In addition to those programmes, Foucan appeared as Mollaka in the James Bond film '' Casino Royale''. He spent three months in The Bahamas on the film. Foucan appeared in the music video for Madonna Madonna Louise Ciccone ( ; born August 16, 1958) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, and actress. Referred to as the "Queen of Pop", she has been recognize ...
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Georges Hébert
Georges Hébert (; 27 April 1875 – 2 August 1957) was a pioneering physical educator in the French military who developed a system of physical education and training known as "la méthode naturelle" ("Natural Method") and a more wide training program known as Hebertism (built on his name). Hébert combined the training of a variety of physical capacities with the training of courage and ethics. Early life Hébert was born in Paris in 1875, which in historic terms was five years after the traumatic Franco-Prussian War and with the ferment of the start of the French Third Republic. Hébert's father was a breeder of horses for transportation vehicles in Paris, and through his father's interest in horses, Georges Hébert enjoyed attending equestrian performances in circuses when he was a child. The development of motorized vehicles ended his father's business, and his father subsequently moved to New Orleans where his family owned a bookshop. Adventure literature and access to ...
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Roll (gymnastics)
A roll is the most basic and fundamental skill in gymnastics Gymnastics is a group of sport that includes physical exercises requiring Balance (ability), balance, Strength training, strength, Flexibility (anatomy), flexibility, agility, Motor coordination, coordination, artistry and endurance. The movem ... class. There are many variations in the skill. Rolls are similar to flips in the fact that they are a complete rotation of the body, but the rotation of the roll is usually made on the ground while a flip is made in the air with the hips passing over the head and without any hands touching the ground. Rolls also help recover from a fall safely. Forward roll The forward roll (colloquially called a roly poly) is one of the most basic elements in gymnastics and one of the first learnt. The forward roll is started from a standing position and then the gymnast crouches down, places their hands shoulder wide apart and hands facing forward. They tuck their chin to their chest ...
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Vault (urban Movement)
In various urban activities, a vault is any type of movement that involves overcoming an obstacle by some combination of jumping, climbing or diving. Although parkour does not involve the idea of set movements, practitioners use similar ways of moving to pass quickly and efficiently over obstacles. Parkour vaults *Safety vault/Step Vault: Similar to a side vault, except that the outside foot is placed on the obstacle and the inside arm is then released, while the outside foot pushes the traceur off the obstacle. *Speed vault: Like a step/safety vault, the outside hand is placed on the obstacle to act as a support, although, the inner leg launches the performer upwards and kicks over the obstacle and the outside foot is forced backwards to force the performer further. The performer lands upon the inner foot and continues running. Or, both legs kick up and over the obstacle like a side vault. *Two-handed/Simple/Side vault: Both hands are placed on the obstacle and the body goes alo ...
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Acrobatics
Acrobatics () is the performance of human feats of balance (ability), balance, agility, and motor coordination. Acrobatic skills are used in performing arts, sports, sporting events, and martial arts. Extensive use of acrobatic skills are most often performed in acro dance, circus, gymnastics, and freerunning and to a lesser extent in other athletic activities including ballet, slacklining and Diving (sport), diving. Although acrobatics is most commonly associated with human body performance, the term is used to describe other types of performance, such as aerobatics. History Acrobatic traditions are found in many cultures, and there is evidence that the earliest such traditions occurred thousands of years ago. For example, Minoan civilization, Minoan art from contains depictions of bull-leaping, acrobatic feats on the backs of bulls. Ancient Greeks practiced acrobatics, and the noble court displays of the European Middle Ages would often include acrobatic performances that ...
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Angel
An angel is a spiritual (without a physical body), heavenly, or supernatural being, usually humanoid with bird-like wings, often depicted as a messenger or intermediary between God (the transcendent) and humanity (the profane) in various traditions like the Abrahamic religions. Other roles include protectors and guides for humans, such as guardian angels and servants of God. In Western belief-systems the term is often used to distinguish benevolent from malevolent intermediary beings. Emphasizing the distance between God and mankind, revelation-based belief-systems require angels to bridge the gap between the earthly and the transcendent realm. Angels play a lesser role in monistic belief-systems, since the gap is non-existent. However, angelic beings might be conceived as aid to achieve a proper relationship with the divine. Abrahamic religions describe angelic hierarchies, which vary by religion and sect. Some angels have specific names (such as Gabriel or Mich ...
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Buck Up
Buck may refer to: Common meanings * A colloquialism for a United States, Canadian, or Australian dollar * An adult male animal in some species - see List of animal names - e.g.: ** Goat buck ** Deer buck ** Sheep buck * Derby shoes, nicknamed "bucks" in modern colloquial English, for the common use of buckskin in their making Arts and entertainment * BUCK, a ''My Little Pony'' fan convention in Manchester, UK * Buck, someone who excels in the krump dance style * ''Buck'' (film), a 2011 documentary * ''Buck'' (magazine), a defunct UK publication (2008–2011) * '' Buck: A Memoir'', a 2013 book by MK Asante Companies * Buck (design company), a design-driven creative commercial production company * Buck (human resources consulting company), a human resources consulting company * Buck Knives, an American knife manufacturer Fictional characters * Buck, a character in the 2004 American animated Western musical comedy movie ''Home on the Range'' * Buck, a character in the fil ...
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Filer
Filer may refer to: Places * Filer, Idaho * Filer, Missouri * Filer Charter Township, Michigan ** Filer City, Michigan * Filer Haven, a cove on Signy Island, Antarctica * Filer Hill, a mountain near east of Rootville, New York Other * Filer (surname) *Network-attached storage (NAS), device, a specialized device that acts as a file server ** NetApp filer, a computer storage product See also * Filler (other) In general, a filler is something that is used to fill gaps. Specialized meanings include: Materials * Filler (animal food), dietary fiber and other ingredients added to pet foods to provide bulk * Filler (materials), particles added to a matri ... * Filer and Stowell * {{disambiguation, geo ...
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