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Panjika
The Panjika (IAST: Pañjikā; ; ; ; ; ) is the Hindu astronomical almanac, published in Assamese, Bengali, Maithili, Nepali and Odia languages and colloquially known as Panji (IAST: Pāñji; ; ; ). In other parts of India it is called panchangam. Bengali panjika There are two schools of ''panjika''-makers in Bengal – Driksiddhanta ( ''Bisuddhasiddhanta Panjika'') and Odriksiddhanta (''Gupta Press'', ''PM Bagchi'', etc.). They dictate the days on which festivals are to be held. Sometimes, they lay down different dates for particular festivals. For the Durga Puja in 2005, two different sets of dates came through. Some community pujas followed the ''Gupta Press Panjika'', because of its popularity. With deference to convention, it confirmed Pandit Nitai Chakraborty, president of Vaidik Pandit O Purohit Mahamilan Kendra. Belur Math adhered to ''Bisuddhasiddhanta Panjika''. Swami Vijnanananda (who became Math president in 1937–38), an astrologer, decided that Ramakrishna ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vishuddha Siddhanta Panjika
''Vishuddha Siddhanta Panjika'' ({{langx, bn, বিশুদ্ধ সিদ্ধান্ত পঞ্জিকা) is a panjika (almanac) that was first published in 1297 Bengali year (1890 AD). Madhab Chandra Chattopadhyay of the Bengal of undivided India was the first editor. Accuracy The 19th century Bengali language, Bengali almanacs that gave details of tithi, nakshatra, etc. were generally not in conformity with the position of planets. A true panjika has to tally with the scientific observation. To meet this end, prominent astrologers of that time — almanac reformist of Orissa, India, Orissa Pathani Samanta, Mahamahopadhyay Chandrashekhar Sinha Samanta, Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak of Pune, Western India, scriptural scholars like Bapudeva Sastri and Ketkar, experts from Kashi like Madan Mohan Malaviya, Mahesh Chandra Nyayratna Bhattacharyya, Sasadhar Tarkachudamani, Acharya Yogesh Chandra Roy Vidyanidhi of Bengal — advised the publication of ''Vishuddha Siddhanta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Panchangam
A panchāngam (; ) is a Hindu calendar and almanac, which follows traditional units of Hindu timekeeping, and presents important dates and their calculations in a tabulated form. It is sometimes spelled ''Panchāngamu, Pancanga'', ''Panchanga'', ''Panchaanga'', or ''Panchānga'', and is often pronounced ''Panchāng''. Panchangas are used in Jyotisha () (Indian astrology).''Personal Panchānga and the Five Sources of Light'', by Komilla Sutton, The Wessex Astrologer, England, In Nepal and Eastern India, including Assam, Bengal and Odisha, the Panchangam is referred to as Panjika, and in the Mithila region, it is known as Maithili Panchang or Patra. Overview Panchāngams are published in India by many authors, societies, academies, and universities. Different publications differ only minutely, at least for a casual or not yet trained reader. They forecast celestial phenomena such as solar eclipses, forecasting weather (rain, dry spells) as well as more mundane occurren ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Almanac
An almanac (also spelled almanack and almanach) is a regularly published listing of a set of current information about one or multiple subjects. It includes information like weather forecasting, weather forecasts, farmers' sowing, planting dates, tide tables, and other table (information), tabular data often arranged according to the calendar. Celestial figures and various statistics are found in almanacs, such as the sunrise, rising and sunset, setting times of the Sun and Moon, dates of eclipses, hours of high and low tides, and religious festivals. The set of events noted in an almanac may be tailored for a specific group of readers, such as farmers, sailors, or astronomers. Name The etymology of the word is unclear. The earliest documented use of the word in something like its current sense is in Latin in 1267. Roger Bacon used it to mean a set of tables detailing movements of heavenly bodies including the Moon. It has been suggested that the word ''almanac'' derives fro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pathani Samanta
Pathani Samanta better known as Mahamahopadhyaya Chandrasekhara Singha Harichandana Mahapatra Samanta, was an Indian astronomer, mathematician and scholar who measured the distance from the Earth to the Sun with a bamboo pipe, and traditional instruments. He was born on 13 December 1835 in Purnimanta Pousha Krishna Ashtami, and died on 11 June 1904 in Purnimanta Adhika Jyeshtha Krishna Trayodashi. His research and observations were compiled into a book called Siddhanta Darpana, which was written in both Sanskrit and the Odia script. He earned the Mahamahopadhyaya Award in 1893, for his usage of traditional instruments for astronomical observations. Biography Samanta was born in the princely state of Khandpara, in the Nayagarh district of the Indian state of Odisha. He was the son of Samanta Syamabandhu Singha and Bishnumali Devi. He was born into a royal family. Why the "Pathani Samanta" ? The legend depicted on the walls of the ''Pathani Samanta Planetarium'' in Bhubaneswa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Odisha
Odisha (), formerly Orissa (List of renamed places in India, the official name until 2011), is a States and union territories of India, state located in East India, Eastern India. It is the List of states and union territories of India by area, eighth-largest state by area, and the List of states and union territories of India by population, eleventh-largest by population, with over 41 million inhabitants. The state also has the third-largest population of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, Scheduled Tribes in India. It neighbours the states of Jharkhand and West Bengal to the north, Chhattisgarh to the west, and Andhra Pradesh to the south. Odisha has a coastline of along the Bay of Bengal in the ''Indian Ocean''. The region is also known as Utkaḷa and is mentioned by this name in India's national anthem, Jana Gana Mana. The language of Odisha is Odia language, Odia, which is one of the Classical languages of India. The ancient kingdom of Kalinga (historical region), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Bal Gangadhar Tilak (; born Keshav Gangadhar Tilak (pronunciation: eʃəʋ ɡəŋɡaːd̪ʱəɾ ʈiɭək; 23 July 1856 – 1 August 1920), endeared as Lokmanya (IAST: ''Lokamānya''), was an Indian nationalist, teacher, and an independence activist. He was one third of the Lal Bal Pal triumvirate. The British colonial authorities called him "The father of the Indian unrest". He was also conferred with the title of " Lokmanya", which means "accepted by the people as their leader". Mahatma Gandhi called him "The Maker of Modern India". Tilak was one of the first and strongest advocates of Swaraj ('self-rule') and a strong radical in Indian consciousness. He is known for his quote in Marathi: "Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it!". He formed a close alliance with many Indian National Congress leaders including Bipin Chandra Pal, Lala Lajpat Rai, Aurobindo Ghose, V. O. Chidambaram Pillai and Muhammad Ali Jinnah. Early life Keshav Gangadhar Tilak was born on 23 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mani Shankar Mukherjee
Mani Sankar Mukherjee (commonly known as ''Sankar'' in both Bengali and English-language literature) is an Indian writer in the Bengali language, who also served as the Sheriff of Kolkata. He grew up in Howrah of West Bengal. Personal life Sankar is the son of Avaya Mukherjee known as Gouri Mukherjee. Sankar's father died while he was still a teenager, as a result of which Sankar became a clerk to the last British barrister of the Calcutta High Court, Noel Frederick Barwell. At the same time he entered in Surendranath College (formerly Ripon College, Calcutta) for study. He worked in various field as typewriter cleaner, private tutor, Hawker for his living. Literary career After Noel Barwell's sudden death, ''Sankar'', the professional version of his name adopted for the law courts, sought to honor Barwell. "First, I wanted to build a statue. It was not possible. I then wanted to name a road. Even that was not feasible. And then I decided to write a book about him," according ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gurgaon
Gurgaon (), officially named Gurugram (), is a satellite city of Delhi and administrative headquarters of Gurgaon district, located in the northern Indian state of Haryana. It is situated near the Delhi–Haryana border, about southwest of the national capital New Delhi and south of Chandigarh, the state capital. It is one of the major satellite cities of Delhi and is part of the National Capital Region of India. , Gurgaon had a population of 876,969. Gurgaon is India's second largest information technology hub, largest civil aviation hub, largest hospitality hub and second largest management consulting hub. Gurgaon is famous in India for nightlife as it houses multiple high number of high-quality pubs, nightclubs, bars, liquor shops hence called The ''Cocktail Capital'' of India. Gurgaon is also home to one of India's largest medical tourism and luxury tourism industries. Despite being India's 56th largest city in terms of population, Gurgaon is the 8th largest c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IAST
The International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration (IAST) is a transliteration scheme that allows the lossless romanisation of Brahmic family, Indic scripts as employed by Sanskrit and related Indic languages. It is based on a scheme that emerged during the 19th century from suggestions by Sir Charles Trevelyan, 1st Baronet, Charles Trevelyan, William Jones (philologist), William Jones, Monier Monier-Williams and other scholars, and formalised by the Transliteration Committee of the Geneva International Congress of Orientalists, Oriental Congress, in September 1894. IAST makes it possible for the reader to read the Indic text unambiguously, exactly as if it were in the original Indic script. It is this faithfulness to the original scripts that accounts for its continuing popularity amongst scholars. Usage Scholars commonly use IAST in publications that cite textual material in Sanskrit, Pāḷi and other classical Indian languages. IAST is also used for major e-text repos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bengali Calendar
The Bengali Calendar or Bangla Calendar (, colloquially , or , , "Bangla Year") is a solar calendar used in the Bengal region of the Indian subcontinent. In contrast to the traditional Indian Hindu calendar, which begins with the month Chaitra, The Bengali Calendar starts with Baishakh. A revised version of the Bangladeshi calendar is officially used in Bangladesh, while an earlier, traditional version continues to be followed in the Indian states of West Bengal, Tripura, and Assam. The Bengali calendar began in 590–600 CE to commemorate the ascension of Shashanka, the first independent king in Bengal's unified polity. Some modifications were done to the original calendar during Mughal emperor Akbar's era, to facilitate the collection of land revenue at the start of bengali harvesting season. The first day of the Bengali year is known as Pohela Boishakh (1st of Boishakh) which is a public holiday in Bangladesh. The Bengali era is called ''Bengali Sambat'' (BS) and has a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Surya Siddhanta
The ''Surya Siddhanta'' (; ) is a Sanskrit treatise in Indian astronomy dated to 4th to 5th century,Menso Folkerts, Craig G. Fraser, Jeremy John Gray, John L. Berggren, Wilbur R. Knorr (2017)Mathematics Encyclopaedia Britannica, Quote: "(...) its Hindu inventors as discoverers of things more ingenious than those of the Greeks. Earlier, in the late 4th or early 5th century, the anonymous Hindu author of an astronomical handbook, the ''Surya Siddhanta'', had tabulated the sine function (...)" in fourteen chapters.Plofkerpp. 71–72 The ''Surya Siddhanta'' describes rules to calculate the motions of various planets and the moon relative to various constellations, diameters of various planets, and calculates the orbits of various astronomical bodies. The text is known from a palm-leaf manuscript, and several newer manuscripts. It was composed or revised probably c. 800 CE from an earlier text also called the ''Surya Siddhanta''. The ''Surya Siddhanta'' text is composed of verses mad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Choitro
Choitro () is the last month of the Bengali calendar. It falls from mid-March to mid-April and is the last month of Spring ( ''Bôsôntô''). The name of the month is derived from the star Chitra ( ''Chitra''). Culture Traditionally this month is famous for what is called the "Choitro Sale" () when all shopping prices fall discounted (sale) all throughout the month. It is traditionally done in order to sell away all remaining products by the end of year, so that the Haal Khata (), the new account book can be opened on the New Year's Day. Choitro Sankranti is observed in the last day of the month and the last day of the Bengali Calendar. It is celebrated more in rural areas than in urban areas, where it has celebrated for hundreds of years. It is the day before Pohela Boishakh Pohela Boishakh () is the Bengali New Year celebrated by the Bengalis, Bengali people worldwide and as a holiday on 14 April in Bangladesh and 15 April or 14 April (leap year) in the Indian state ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
