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Orthodox Trotskyist
Orthodox Trotskyism is a branch of Trotskyism which aims to adhere more closely to the philosophy, methods and positions of Leon Trotsky and the early Fourth International, Vladimir Lenin and Karl Marx than other avowed Trotskyists. Overview The first Trotskyist international to describe itself as orthodox Trotskyist was the International Committee of the Fourth International (ICFI). Shortly after its formation in 1953, it wrote an open letter in which it described the tradition of the Fourth International as orthodox Trotskyism and called for orthodox Trotskyists to rally to the ICFI. Orthodox Trotskyism embodied their opposition to the International Secretariat of the Fourth International (ISFI), whose policies they described as "Pabloism". The ICFI claimed that it alone defended the principles of the Fourth International while the "Pabloites" subordinated the international workers movement to the bureaucracies or bourgeois leaders. The subsequent history of orthodox Trotskyism ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trotskyism
Trotskyism (, ) is the political ideology and branch of Marxism developed by Russian revolutionary and intellectual Leon Trotsky along with some other members of the Left Opposition and the Fourth International. Trotsky described himself as an orthodox Marxist, a Revolutionary socialism, revolutionary Marxist, and a Bolshevik–Leninist as well as a follower of Karl Marx, Frederick Engels, Vladimir Lenin, Karl Liebknecht, and Rosa Luxemburg. His relations with Lenin have been a source of intense historical debate. However, on balance, scholarly opinion among a range of prominent historians and political scientists such as E.H. Carr, Isaac Deutscher, Moshe Lewin, Ronald Suny, Richard B. Day and W. Bruce Lincoln was that Lenin’s desired “heir” would have been a collective leadership, collective responsibility in which Trotsky was placed in "an important role and within which Joseph Stalin, Stalin would be dramatically demoted (if not removed)". Trotsky advocated for a decen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Internationalist Communist Organisation
The Internationalist Communist Organisation (, OCI) was a Trotskyist political party in France. Its successor was the Internationalist Communist Current of the Workers Party (France), Workers Party. History Origins The group's origins lay in the Internationalist Communist Party (France), Internationalist Communist Party (PCI), the French section of the Fourth International. In 1952, the Fourth International removed the Central Committee of the PCI, and replaced it with one built around Michele Mestre and Pierre Frank, who were more favourable to the International's policies. This led the majority of the PCI to form a new organisation, also known as the Internationalist Communist Party, and led by Pierre Lambert and Marcel Bleibtreu. In 1953, the Fourth International suffered a major split, and the Socialist Workers Party (US), Socialist Workers Party of the United States, the United Kingdom, British group The Club (Trotskyist), The Club and some smaller groups forming the Inter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Socialist Tendency
The International Socialist Tendency (IST) is an Political international, international grouping of unorthodox Trotskyist organisations espousing the ideas of Tony Cliff (1917–2000), founder of the Socialist Workers Party (UK), Socialist Workers Party (SWP) in Great Britain, Britain (not to be confused with the unrelated Socialist Workers Party (US), Socialist Workers Party in the United States). IST supporters are sometimes called "Cliffites". It has sections across 27 countries; however, its strongest presence is in Europe, especially in Britain. The politics of the IST are similar to the politics of many List of Trotskyist internationals, Trotskyist Internationals. Where it differs with many is on the question of the Soviet Union, the IST adopting the position that it was a "state capitalism, state capitalist" economy, rather than a "degenerated workers' state" along with their theories of the "permanent arms economy" and "Permanent revolution#Deflected Permanent Revolutio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Third Camp
The third camp, also known as third camp socialism or third camp Trotskyism, is a branch of socialism that aims to oppose both capitalism and Stalinism by supporting the organised working class as a "third camp". The term arose early during World War II and refers to the idea of two "imperialist camps" competing to dominate the world: one led by the United Kingdom and France and supported by the United States, and the other led by Nazi Germany and Japan and supported by Fascist Italy. It did have a predecessor in the Trotskyist opposition to the Stalin-led Soviet Union, however. Origins of the term From the 1930s and beyond, Leon Trotsky and his American supporter James P. Cannon described the Soviet Union as a " degenerated workers' state", the revolutionary gains of which should be defended against imperialist aggression despite the emergence of a gangster-like ruling stratum, the party bureaucracy. While defending the Russian revolution from outside aggression, Trotsky, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deformed Workers' States
In Trotskyist political theory, deformed workers' states are states where the capitalist class has been overthrown, the economy is largely state-owned and planned, but there is no internal democracy or workers' control of industry. In a deformed workers' state, the working class has never held political power like it did in Russia shortly after the Russian Revolution. These states are considered ''deformed'' because their political and economic structures have been imposed from the top (or from outside), and because revolutionary working class organizations are crushed. Like a degenerated workers' state, a deformed workers' state is considered to be a state that cannot be transitioning to socialism. Most Trotskyists cite examples of deformed workers' states today as including Cuba, the People's Republic of China, North Korea and Vietnam. The Committee for a Workers' International has also included states such as Syria or Burma at times when they have had a nationalised econom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Degenerated Workers' State
In Trotskyist political theory, a degenerated workers' state is a dictatorship of the proletariat in which the working class' democratic control over the state has given way to control by a bureaucratic clique. The term was developed by Leon Trotsky in ''The Revolution Betrayed'' (1936) and in other works. Soviet experience Trotsky argued that Russia was a genuine workers' state from the 1917 October Revolution until Joseph Stalin's consolidation of power. The bourgeoisie had been politically overthrown by the working class and the economic basis of that state lay in collective ownership of the means of production. Contrary to the predictions of many socialists such as Lenin, the revolution failed to spread to Germany and other industrial Western European countries although there were massive upheavals of working people in some of those countries and so the Soviet state began to degenerate. That was worsened by the material and political degeneration of the Russian workin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soviet Union
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet Union, it dissolved in 1991. During its existence, it was the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country by area, extending across Time in Russia, eleven time zones and sharing Geography of the Soviet Union#Borders and neighbors, borders with twelve countries, and the List of countries and dependencies by population, third-most populous country. An overall successor to the Russian Empire, it was nominally organized as a federal union of Republics of the Soviet Union, national republics, the largest and most populous of which was the Russian SFSR. In practice, Government of the Soviet Union, its government and Economy of the Soviet Union, economy were Soviet-type economic planning, highly centralized. As a one-party state go ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Communist League (Fourth Internationalist)
The International Communist League (Fourth Internationalist) abbreviated as ICL(FI), earlier known as the international Spartacist tendency (iSt), is a Trotskyist international. Its largest constituent party is the Spartacist League (US). There are smaller sections of the ICL (FI) in Mexico, Canada, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Japan, South Africa, Australia, Greece and the United Kingdom. The group originated within the Revolutionary Tendency of the Socialist Workers Party in the United States and, upon its expulsion from the SWP, it named itself Spartacist in 1964 in homage to the original Spartacist League in World War I Germany, co-led by Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht. Publications The central theoretical journal of the ICL(FI) is ''Spartacist'' which is published in four languages approximately once a year. Apart from the above the ICL(FI)'s American section, the Spartacist League, operates the Prometheus Research Library in New York City. The library has publ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spartacist League (US)
The Spartacist League/U.S. (SL, SLUS, or SL/US) is a Trotskyist political grouping which is the United States section of the International Communist League (Fourth Internationalist), formerly the International Spartacist Tendency. This Spartacist League named themselves after the original Spartacus League of Weimar Republic in Germany, but has no formal descent from it. The League self-identifies as a "revolutionary communist" organization. In the United States, the group is small but very vocal, and its activities within leftist-activist coalitions and wide-scale social justice protest movements usually focus on presenting a pole for regroupment and recruitment of subjective revolutionaries on the basis of an internationalist, Bolshevik-Leninist program. History Background The origins of the Spartacist League go back to a left-wing tendency within the Young Socialist League, which was linked to the Independent Socialist League led by Max Shachtman, in the 1950s. Thi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liaison Committee Of Militants For A Revolutionary Communist International
Liaison or Liaisons may refer to: General usage * Affair, an unfaithful sexual relationship * Collaboration * Co-operation * Liaison, an egg-based thickening used in cooking Arts and entertainment * Liaisons (''Desperate Housewives''), a 2007 episode of the American drama series * Liaisons (''Star Trek: The Next Generation''), a 1993 American sci-fi episode * "Liaisons", a song from Stephen Sondheim's 1973 musical ''A Little Night Music'' * ''Les Liaisons dangereuses'', a 1782 French novel by Pierre Choderlos de Laclos * '' Liaisons: Re-Imagining Sondheim from the Piano'', a 2015 album by Anthony de Mare * ''Liaison'' (TV series), a British–French series on Apple TV+ Businesses and organisations * Air Alliance, a defunct Canadian airline (call sign: ''Liaison'') * Liaison Agency Flanders-Europe, a Flemish government body * Liaison Committee (House of Commons of the United Kingdom), of the UK Parliament's lower house * Liaison Committee (House of Lords), of the UK Parliame ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Socialist Equality Party (France)
The Socialist Equality Party (France) (''Parti de l'égalité socialiste'', PES) is the French section of the Trotskyite International Committee of the Fourth International. In November 2016 a long-standing sympathizing group of the International Committee of the Fourth International held a founding congress to establish themselves as a full section of the ICFI. As part of the congress international delegates of the ICFI ratified their membership as the Socialist Equality Party (France), or Parti de l'égalité socialiste (PES) in French. PES includes a number of members of Sri Lankan origin who sought asylum in France due to the effects of the Sri Lankan Civil War, some of whom were members of the Socialist Equality Party (Sri Lanka) or its predecessor organization, the Revolutionary Communist League, at the time of their flight while many were won to Trotskyism during their exile. These Sri Lankan PES members played a leading role in making a historic translation of Trotsky’ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dialectics
Dialectic (; ), also known as the dialectical method, refers originally to dialogue between people holding different points of view about a subject but wishing to arrive at the truth through reasoned argument. Dialectic resembles debate, but the concept excludes subjective elements such as emotional appeal and rhetoric. It has its origins in ancient philosophy and continued to be developed in the Middle Ages. Hegelianism refigured "dialectic" to no longer refer to a literal dialogue. Instead, the term takes on the specialized meaning of development by way of overcoming internal contradictions. Dialectical materialism, a theory advanced by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, adapted the Hegelian dialectic into a materialist theory of history. The legacy of Hegelian and Marxian dialectics has been criticized by philosophers, such as Karl Popper and Mario Bunge, who considered it unscientific. Dialectic implies a developmental process and so does not fit naturally within classical ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
