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Order Of Saint-Ruf
The Order of Saint-Ruf was a Catholic religious order of canons regular following the rule of Saint Augustine from 1039 until 1774. It traced its history back to the foundation of its mother house and namesake, the abbey of Saint-Ruf in Avignon.online summary In the late 11th century, Saint-Ruf was associated with the Gregorian reform. In 1092, Pope Urban II confirmed its customs and its properties. By 1095, it had acquired nine churches. Following the introduction of the ''ordo novus'' (new order), a stricter interpretation of the rule of Saint Augustine, by Norbert of Xanten, the Order of Saint-Ruf defended the more moderate ''ordo antiquus'' (old order). In 1154, a member of the order was elected Pope Adrian IV. In 1158, the headquarters of the order was moved to . The abbey received privileges from the Emperor Frederick I, as it came under direct imperial authority. Bishop recognized its exemption. Pope Innocent IV () confirmed it as directly subordinate to the Holy See ''nullo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Religious Order (Catholic)
In the Catholic Church, a religious order is a community of consecrated life with members that profess solemn vows. They are classed as a type of religious institute. Subcategories of religious orders are: * canons regular (canons and canonesses regular who recite the Divine Office and serve a church and perhaps a parish); * clerics regular (priests who take religious vows and have an active apostolic life); * mendicants ( friars and religious sisters, possibly living and working in a friary or a convent, who live from alms, recite the Divine Office, and, in the case of the men, participate in apostolic activities); and * monastics (monks and nuns living and working in a monastery or a nunnery and reciting the Divine Office). Catholic religious orders began as early as the 500s, with the Order of Saint Benedict being formed in 529. The earliest orders include the Cistercians (1098), the Premonstratensians (1120), the Poor Clares founded by Francis of Assisi (1212), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Montpellier
Montpellier (; ) is a city in southern France near the Mediterranean Sea. One of the largest urban centres in the region of Occitania (administrative region), Occitania, Montpellier is the prefecture of the Departments of France, department of Hérault. At the 2020 census, 299,096 people lived in the city proper, while its Functional area (France), metropolitan area had a population of 813,272. The inhabitants are called ''Montpelliérains''. In the Middle Ages, Montpellier was an important city of the Crown of Aragon (and was the birthplace of James I of Aragon, James I), and then of Kingdom of Majorca, Majorca, before its sale to France in 1349. Established in 1220, the University of Montpellier is one of the List of oldest universities in continuous operation, oldest universities in the world and has the oldest medical school still in operation, with notable alumni such as Petrarch, Nostradamus and François Rabelais. Above the medieval city, the ancient citadel of Montpelli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abbey Of Entremont
The Abbey of Entremont, also known as E''ntremont-en-Genevois'' and dedicated to Saint Mary (Sancta Maria inter montes), is a former abbey of Canon regular, Canons Regular founded in 1154. It is situated in the commune of Glières-Val-de-Borne, within the Haute-Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of France. Geography The Abbey of Entremont is located on the left bank of the , along departmental road D12, between Saint-Pierre-en-Faucigny and Saint-Jean-de-Sixt. It is situated near the historical border between the territories of Faucigny and the County of Geneva, with the Borne torrent serving as a natural boundary. The abbey's domain extended into the valleys of the Bornant. History Foundation of the Abbey Around 1115, canons from the , located in the province of Chablais, established a priory in the already-inhabited valley of Entremont. Burcard, who became Priory, prior of the monastery, is believed to have been a member of the County of Geneva, Counts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cassan Priory
Cassan Priory (, also ''Abbaye de Cassan''; ) is an 18th-century building in France, classed as a historical monument. It is located in Roujan commune, Hérault département, Occitanie. History The Augustinian priory was founded in 1080, on land donated by the noble Alquier family of Béziers A new church was consecrated on 6 October 1115. The second prior was Saint Guiraud (d. 1123). Numerous relics were collected by the priory and it served as a burial ground to the nobility of the region. The lands owned by the priory extended to 75 villages.Serge Sotos, ''Le Prieuré Sainte-Marie de Cassan - fondation et origines, Saint-Guiraud, coutumes et cartulaire factice XI - XIII'', Montpellier, 1990. Pope Innocent III in the context of the crusade against the Cathars exempted the priory from control by the bishops of Béziers, making it subject only to the Holy See in spiritual matters. In secular terms, the monastery pledged allegiance to Louis IX of France in 1268. In the 14th cent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eyguières
Eyguières (; ) is a commune in the Bouches-du-Rhône department in southern France. Population See also * Alpilles * Communes of the Bouches-du-Rhône department The following is a list of the 119 communes of the Bouches-du-Rhône department of France. The communes cooperate in the following intercommunalities (as of 2025): References External links Official website Communes of Bouches-du-Rhône Bouches-du-Rhône communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia {{Bouch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bédarrides
Bédarrides (; Provençal: ''Bedarrida'') is a commune in the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France. Name The settlement is attested as ''villa Betorrida'' in 814, ''Biturrita'' in 898, ''Bisturrita'' in 903, ''Beddurida'' in 908, and ''Bederrida'' in 1274. Population See also *Communes of the Vaucluse department The following is a list of the 151 communes of the Vaucluse department of France. The communes cooperate in the following intercommunalities (as of 2025):Communes of Vaucluse {{Vaucluse-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Secularization (church Property)
Secularization is the confiscation of church property by a government, such as in the suppression of monasteries. The term is often used to specifically refer to such confiscations during the French Revolution and the First French Empire in the sense of seizing churches and converting their property to state ownership. Etymology The Latin term saecularisatio was already used in 1559 and used as a verb in 1586. “Saecularisatio” did not refer to the confiscation of property of churches at this time; “profanatio sacrae rei” was used instead to refer to this definition of secularization, referring to church property. Examples of Secularization in History Dissolution of the Monasteries in England The Dissolution of the Monasteries in England began in 1536 under Henry VIII of England. While some monasteries were simply abolished, and their property retained by the Crown or by the King's favorites, others remained in the Church of England as collegiate foundations, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Wars Of Religion
The French Wars of Religion were a series of civil wars between French Catholic Church, Catholics and Protestantism, Protestants (called Huguenots) from 1562 to 1598. Between two and four million people died from violence, famine or disease directly caused by the conflict, and it severely damaged the power of the French monarchy. One of its most notorious episodes was the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre in 1572. The fighting ended with a compromise in 1598, when Henry of Navarre, who had converted to Catholicism in 1593, was proclaimed Henry IV of France, King Henry IV of France and issued the Edict of Nantes, which granted substantial rights and freedoms to the Huguenots. However, Catholics continued to disapprove of Protestants and of Henry, and his assassination in 1610 triggered a fresh round of Huguenot rebellions in the 1620s. Tensions between the two religions had been building since the 1530s, exacerbating existing regional divisions. The death of Henry II of France in J ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pope Innocent VIII
Pope Innocent VIII (; ; 1432 – 25 July 1492), born Giovanni Battista Cybo (or Cibo), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 29 August 1484 to his death, in July 1492. Son of the viceroy of Naples, Cybo spent his early years at the Neapolitan court. He became a priest in the retinue of Cardinal Calandrini, half-brother to Pope Nicholas V (1447–55); Bishop of Savona under Pope Paul II; and with the support of Cardinal Giuliano Della Rovere he was made a cardinal by Pope Sixtus IV. After intense politicking by Della Rovere, Cybo was elected pope in 1484. King Ferdinand I of Naples had supported Cybo's competitor, Rodrigo Borgia. The following year, Pope Innocent supported the barons in their failed revolt. During his papacy, Pope Innocent issued a papal bull on witchcraft named Summis desiderantes affectibus. In March 1489, Cem, the captive brother of Bayezid II, the sultan of the Ottoman Empire, came into Innocent's custody. Viewing his br ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giuliano Della Rovere
Pope Julius II (; ; born Giuliano della Rovere; 5 December 144321 February 1513) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 1503 to his death, in February 1513. Nicknamed the Warrior Pope, the Battle Pope or the Fearsome Pope, it is often speculated that he had chosen his papal name not in honor of Pope Julius I but in emulation of Julius Caesar. One of the most powerful and influential popes, Julius II was a central figure of the High Renaissance and left a significant cultural and political legacy. As a result of his policies during the Italian Wars, the Papal States increased their power and centralization, and the office of the papacy continued to be crucial, diplomatically and politically, during the entirety of the 16th century in Italy and Europe. In 1506, Julius II established the Vatican Museums and initiated the rebuilding of the St. Peter's Basilica. The same year he organized the famous Swiss Guard for his personal protection and commanded a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Commendatory
In canon law, commenda (or ''in commendam'') was a form of transferring an ecclesiastical benefice ''in trust'' to the ''custody'' of a patron. The phrase ''in commendam'' was originally applied to the provisional occupation of an ecclesiastical benefice, which was temporarily without an actual occupant, in contrast to the conferral of a title, '' in titulum'', which was applied to the regular and unconditional occupation of a benefice.Ott, Michael. "In Commendam". ''The Catholic Encyclopedia'' Vol. 7. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 25 July 2015 The word ''commendam'' is the singular of the |
Pope Urban V
Pope Urban V (; 1310 – 19 December 1370), born Guillaume de Grimoard, was head of the Catholic Church from 28 September 1362 until his death, in December 1370 and was also a member of the Order of Saint Benedict. He was the only Avignon pope to be beatified. Even after his election as pontiff, he continued to follow the Benedictine Rule, living simply and modestly. His habits did not always gain him supporters who were used to lives of affluence. Urban V pressed for reform throughout his pontificate and also oversaw the restoration and construction of churches and monasteries. One of the goals he set himself upon his election to the Papacy was the reunion of the Eastern and Western Churches. He came as close as some of his predecessors and successors, but did not succeed. Early life Guillaume de Grimoard was born in 1310 in the Castle of Grizac in the French region of Languedoc (today part of the commune of Le Pont-de-Montvert, department of Lozère), the second son of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
