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Ontotheological
Ontotheology () is the ontology of God and/or the theology of being. While the term was first used by Immanuel Kant, it has only come into broader philosophical parlance with the significance it took for Martin Heidegger's Late Heidegger, later thought. While, for Heidegger, the term is used to critique the whole tradition of 'Western metaphysics', much recent scholarship has sought to question whether 'ontotheology' developed at a certain point in the metaphysical tradition, with many seeking to equate the development of 'ontotheological' thinking with the development of modernity, and Duns Scotus often being cited as the first 'ontotheologian'. History and usage of the term Kant The term "ontotheology" was coined by Immanuel Kant in contradistinction to the term cosmotheology, "in order to distinguish between two competing types of 'transcendental theology'." The word's origin is often mistakenly attributed to Heidegger, who used it frequently. At the broadest level Kant had disti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Différance
is a French term coined by Jacques Derrida. Roughly speaking, the method of ''différance'' is a way to analyze how signs (words, symbols, metaphors, etc) come to have meanings. It suggests that meaning is not inherent in a sign but arises from its relationships with other signs, a continual process of contrasting with what comes before and later. That is, a sign acquires meaning by being different from other signs. The meaning of a sign changes over time, as new signs keep appearing and old signs keep disappearing. It is central to Derrida's concept of deconstruction, a critical outlook concerned with the relationship between text and meaning. However, the meaning of a sign is not just determined by the system of signs present currently. Past meanings leave "traces", and possible future meanings "haunt". The meaning of a sign is determined by the interaction between past traces, future haunts, and the system of signs present right now. Overview Derrida first uses the term in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ontology
Ontology is the philosophical study of existence, being. It is traditionally understood as the subdiscipline of metaphysics focused on the most general features of reality. As one of the most fundamental concepts, being encompasses all of reality and every entity within it. To articulate the basic structure of being, ontology examines the commonalities among all things and investigates their classification into basic types, such as the Theory of categories, categories of particulars and Universal (metaphysics), universals. Particulars are unique, non-repeatable entities, such as the person Socrates, whereas universals are general, repeatable entities, like the color ''green''. Another distinction exists between Abstract and concrete, concrete objects existing in space and time, such as a tree, and abstract objects existing outside space and time, like the number 7. Systems of categories aim to provide a comprehensive inventory of reality by employing categories such as Substance t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rationalism
In philosophy, rationalism is the Epistemology, epistemological view that "regards reason as the chief source and test of knowledge" or "the position that reason has precedence over other ways of acquiring knowledge", often in contrast to other possible sources of knowledge such as religious faith, faith, tradition, or sensory experience. More formally, rationalism is defined as a methodology or a theory "in which the criterion of truth is not sensory but intellectual and Deductive reasoning, deductive".Bourke, Vernon J., "Rationalism", p. 263 in Runes (1962). In a major philosophical debate during the Age of Enlightenment, Enlightenment,John Locke (1690), An Essay Concerning Human Understanding rationalism (sometimes here equated with innatism) was opposed to empiricism. On the one hand, rationalists like René Descartes emphasized that knowledge is primarily innate and the intellect, the inner Faculty (other)#Biology, faculty of the human mind, can therefore direc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean-Luc Marion
Jean-Luc Marion (; born 3 July 1946) is a French philosopher and Catholic theologian. A former student of Jacques Derrida, his work is informed by patristic and mystical theology, phenomenology, and modern philosophy.Horner 2005. Much of his academic work has dealt with Descartes and phenomenologists like Martin Heidegger and Edmund Husserl, but also religion. ''God Without Being'', for example, is concerned predominantly with an analysis of idolatry, a theme strongly linked in Marion's work with love and the gift, which is a concept also explored at length by Derrida. Biography Early years Marion was born in Meudon, Hauts-de-Seine, on 3 July 1946. He studied at the University of Nanterre (now the University Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense) and the Sorbonne and then did graduate work in philosophy from the École normale supérieure in Paris from 1967 to 1971, where he was taught by Jacques Derrida, Louis Althusser and Gilles Deleuze.Horner 2005, p. 3. At the sa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Merold Westphal
Merold Westphal (born 1940) is a distinguished emeritus professor of philosophy at Fordham University, and an Honorary Professor at Australian Catholic University. Westphal is one of the preeminent thinkers in the field of Continental philosophy of religion. Life and work Westphal is a distinguished philosopher who graduated ''summa cum laude'' from Wheaton College and earned his Ph.D. in philosophy as a Woodrow Wilson Fellow at Yale University. He began teaching at Wheaton before joining the Yale philosophy faculty, where he became a fellow of Jonathan Edwards College and was promoted to associate professor in 1972. In 1987, he joined Fordham University as Professor of Philosophy, later serving as director of Graduate Studies and being named Distinguished Professor in 1997. Westphal has also taught at Juniata College, Loyola College in Maryland, Villanova University, Harvard Divinity School, and Fuller Theological Seminary. Westphal has also held leadership roles in several ph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bruce Ellis Benson
Bruce Ellis Benson (born 1960) is an American philosopher. He was formerly a professor at Wheaton College in Illinois Illinois ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern United States. It borders on Lake Michigan to its northeast, the Mississippi River to its west, and the Wabash River, Wabash and Ohio River, Ohio rivers to its .... Publications * ''Graven Ideologies: Nietzsche, Derrida & Marion on Modern Idolatry''. Downer's Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2002. * ''The Improvisation of Musical Dialogue: A Phenomenology of Music''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. * ''Pious Nietzsche: Decadence and Dionysian Faith''. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2008. * ''Liturgy as a Way of Life: Embodying the Arts in Christian Worship''. Ada, MI: Baker Academic, 2013. * ''The New Phenomenology: A Philosophical Introduction'' (with J. Aaron Simmons). London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2013. References External links Wheaton Faculty ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Destruktion
Martin Heidegger, the 20th century philosophy, 20th-century List of German-language philosophers, German philosopher, produced a large body of work that intended a profound change of direction for philosophy. Such was the depth of change that he found it necessary to introduce many neologisms, often connected to idiomatic words and phrases in the German language. Terms () Heidegger's idea of , or world disclosure, disclosure (), was an attempt to make sense of how things in the world appear to human beings as part of an opening in intelligibility, as "unclosedness" or "unconcealedness". (This is Heidegger's usual reading of as , "unconcealment".) It is closely related to the notion of world disclosure, the way in which things get their sense as part of a holistically structured, pre-interpreted background of meaning. Initially, Heidegger wanted to stand for a re-interpreted definition of truth. However, he later corrected the association of with truth. Apophantic () An a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phenomenology (philosophy)
Phenomenology is a philosophical study and movement largely associated with the early 20th century that seeks to Subjectivity_and_objectivity_(philosophy), objectively investigate the nature of subjective, consciousness, conscious experience. It attempts to describe the universal features of consciousness while avoiding assumptions about the external world, aiming to describe Phenomenon, phenomena as they appear, and to explore the meaning and significance of lived experience. This approach, while philosophical, has found many applications in qualitative research across different scientific disciplines, especially in the social sciences, humanities, Phenomenology (psychology), psychology, and cognitive science, but also in fields as diverse as health sciences, Phenomenology (architecture), architecture, and Human–computer interaction, human-computer interaction, among many others. The application of phenomenology in these fields aims to gain a deeper understanding of subjectiv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacques Derrida
Jacques Derrida (; ; born Jackie Élie Derrida;Peeters (2013), pp. 12–13. See also 15 July 1930 – 9 October 2004) was a French Algerian philosopher. He developed the philosophy of deconstruction, which he utilized in a number of his texts, and which was developed through close readings of the linguistics of Ferdinand de Saussure and Husserlian and Heideggerian phenomenology. He is one of the major figures associated with post-structuralism and postmodern philosophyVincent B. Leitch ''Postmodernism: Local Effects, Global Flows'', SUNY Series in Postmodern Culture (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1996), p. 27. although he distanced himself from post-structuralism and disavowed the word "postmodernity". During his career, Derrida published over 40 books, together with hundreds of essays and public presentations. He has had a significant influence on the humanities and social sciences, including philosophy, literature, law, anthropology, historiography, applie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heidegger Gesamtausgabe
''Heidegger Gesamtausgabe'' (''GA'') is the title of the collected writings of German philosopher Martin Heidegger (1889–1976), published by :de:Verlag Vittorio Klostermann, Vittorio Klostermann. Etymology ''Gesamtausgabe'' is the German word for 'complete edition', used in this case as 'collected works'. History The ''Gesamtausgabe'' was begun during Martin Heidegger's lifetime. Publication commenced in the year 1975. Heidegger on the Gesamtausgabe Martin Heidegger stipulated the order of publication. Shortly before his death, Heidegger wrote: "In this way, the complete edition is intended to guide people to take up the question, to ask questions and, above all, to ask more questioning questions". (Die Gesamtausgabe soll dadurch anleiten, die Frage aufzunehmen, mitzufragen und vor allem dann fragender zu fragen). Heidegger had planned to write a lengthy introduction to his collected writings (Gesamtausgabe). He called his last project: Legacy of the Being Question ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
