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Omega-9 Fatty Acid
Omega−9 fatty acids (ω−9 fatty acids or ''n''−9 fatty acids) are a family of unsaturated fatty acids which have in common a final carbon–carbon double bond in the omega−9 position; that is, the ninth bond from the methyl end of the fatty acid. Unlike omega−3 fatty acids and omega−6 fatty acids, omega−9 fatty acids are not classed as essential fatty acids (EFA). This is both because they can be created by the human body from unsaturated fat, and are therefore not essential in the diet, and because the lack of an omega−6 double bond keeps them from participating in the reactions that form the eicosanoids. Overview Some omega−9 fatty acids are common components of animal fat and vegetable oil. Two omega−9 fatty acids important in industry are: * Oleic acid (18:1, ''n''−9), which is a main component of olive oil, macadamia oil and other monounsaturated fats * Erucic acid (22:1, ''n''−9), which is found in rapeseed, wallflower seed, and mustard seed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unsaturated Fat
An unsaturated fat is a fat or fatty acid in which there is at least one double bond within the fatty acid chain. A fatty acid chain is Monounsaturated fat, monounsaturated if it contains one double bond, and polyunsaturated fat, polyunsaturated if it contains more than one double bond. A saturated fat has no carbon-to-carbon double bonds, so the maximum possible number of hydrogen is bonded to carbon, and thus, is considered to be "saturated" with hydrogen atoms. To form carbon-to-carbon double bonds, hydrogen atoms are removed from the carbon chain. In cellular metabolism, unsaturated fat molecules contain less energy (i.e., fewer calories) than an equivalent amount of saturated fat. The greater the degree of unsaturation in a fatty acid (i.e., the more double bonds in the fatty acid) the more susceptible it becomes to lipid peroxidation (rancidification, rancidity). Antioxidants can protect unsaturated fat from lipid peroxidation. Composition of common fats In chemical analysi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wallflower
''Erysimum'', or wallflower, is a genus of flowering plants in the cabbage family, Brassicaceae. It includes more than 150 species, both popular garden plants and many wild forms. ''Erysimum'' is characterised by star-shaped and/or two-sided) trichomes growing from the stem, with yellow, red, pink or orange flowers and multiseeded seed pods. Morphology Wallflowers are annuals, herbaceous perennials or sub-shrubs. The perennial species are short-lived and in cultivation treated as biennials. Most species have stems erect, with a covering of bifid hairs, usually 25 ± 53cm × 2–3mm in size. The leaves are narrow and fixed. The lower leaves are broad and round with backwardly directed lobes, 50–80mm × 0.5–3mm. Stem leaves are linear, entire, growing whitish with 2-fid hairs; 21–43mm × 1.5–2mm. Flower clusters grow at intervals on short equal stalks along the stem, with bright yellow to red or pink bilateral flowers. Flowering occurs during spring and summer. One sp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ximenic Acid
Ximenic acid is a chemical compound with the chemical formula . Its delta notation is Δ17-26:1. This is a monounsaturated fatty acid and very long chain fatty acid A very-long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA) is a fatty acid with 22 or more carbons. Their biosynthesis occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum. VLCFA's can represent up to a few percent of the total fatty acid content of a cell. Unlike most fatty acids, V ... with 26 carbon atoms and one double bond found on the 9th carbon atom from the end. The compound has the double bond at the ninth carbon atom; therefore, ximenic acid belongs to the Omega-9 group of acids. Discovery The acid was initially isolated by scientists S. V. Puntambekar and S. Krishna in 1937. The acid has been found in '' Ximenia americana'' (yellowplum). The genus is named after the Spanish priest Francisco Ximénez (1666–1729). The compound was also isolated from '' Tropaeolum speciosum'' and certain fish oil lipids and sponges. Uses The acid is primar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nervonic Acid
Nervonic acid (24:1, n−9) is a fatty acid. It is a monounsaturated analog of lignoceric acid (24:0). It is also known as selacholeic acid and ''cis''-15-tetracosenoic acid. Its name derives from the Latin word ''wikt:nervus, nervus'', meaning nerve or sinew. It exists in nature as an elongation product of oleic acid (18:1 Δ9). Its immediate precursor is erucic acid. Nervonic acid is particularly abundant in the white matter of animal brains and in peripheral nervous tissue where nervonyl sphingolipids are enriched in the myelin sheath of nerve fibers. This acid is among the group of cerebrosides, which are fatty acids of the glycosphingolipids group, which are components of muscles and the nervous system, accounting for approximately 40% of the total fatty acids in sphingolipids. Structure As it is defined as a monounsaturated fatty acid, it has one double bond in the fatty acid chain and all the remaining carbon atoms are single-bonded. It is classified in the sub-group ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gondoic Acid
11-Eicosenoic acid, also called gondoic acid, is a monounsaturated omega-9 fatty acid found in a variety of plant oils and nuts; in particular jojoba oil. It is one of a number of eicosenoic acid Eicosenoic acid may refer to one of three closely related chemical compounds: * 9-Eicosenoic acid (gadoleic acid), an omega-11 fatty acid (20:1ω11) * 11-Eicosenoic acid (gondoic acid), an omega-9 fatty acid (20:1ω9) * 13-Eicosenoic acid (paull ...s. References Fatty acids Alkenoic acids {{OrganicAcid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elaidic Acid
Elaidic acid is a chemical compound with the formula , specifically the fatty acid with structural formula , with the double bond (between carbon atoms 9 and 10) in ''trans'' configuration. It is a colorless solid. Its salts and esters are called elaidates. Elaidic acid is an unsaturated trans fatty acid, with code C18:1 ''trans''-9. This compound has attracted attention because it is a major trans fat found in hydrogenated vegetable oils, and trans fats have been implicated in heart disease. It is the trans isomer of oleic acid. The name of the elaidinization reaction comes from elaidic acid. Its name comes from the Ancient Greek word ἔλαιον (''elaion''), meaning oil. Occurrence and bioactivity Elaidic acid occurs mostly in industrial hydrogenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. It's also present in small amounts in caprine and bovine milk (very roughly 0.1% of the fatty acids) and in some meats. Elaidic acid increases plasma cholesterylester transfer protein ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypogeic Acid
Hypogeic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid of the Omega-9 group. Its chemical formula is , and its delta notation is 16:1Δ7t. The acid is composed of 16 carbon atoms, with one double bond in position 7=8 in ''trans''-configuration. The compound has the structural formula CH3-(CH2)7-CH=CH-(CH2)5-COOH. Hypogeic acid is found in ''Monascus purpureus'' and ''Arachis hypogaea''. The compound can also be isolated from autotrophic bacterial cultures associated with the accumulation of sulfate in biofilters. Discovery The acid was initially found by Gössmann and Scheven in 1854–1855, together with palmitic and arachidic acid in earth-nut oil that was used as a substitute for olive oil Olive oil is a vegetable oil obtained by pressing whole olives (the fruit of ''Olea europaea'', a traditional Tree fruit, tree crop of the Mediterranean Basin) and extracting the oil. It is commonly used in cooking for frying foods, as a cond .... Physical properties Hypogeic acid is soluble ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Semi-vegetarianism
A flexitarian diet, also called a semi-vegetarian diet, is one that is centered on plant foods with limited or occasional inclusion of meat. For example, a flexitarian might eat meat only some days each week. Definitions Different definitions of flexitarianism are used. According to the Dutch environmental organisation '' Natuur & Milieu'', a flexitarian eats no meat, fish or lunch meat for at least one day a week. The Dutch research agency ''I&O Research'' calls people flexitarian when they do not eat meat one or more days a week. The Dutch Food Health authority ''Voedingscentrum'' states that flexitarians do not eat meat (but can eat fish) three or more days a week in between or with a hot meal. Vegetarianism is the strict practice of abstaining from consuming meat or any other animal tissue. ''Flexitarianism'' is a neoteric term that gained a considerable increase in usage in both science and public sectors in the 2010s. ''Flexitarian'' was listed in the mainstream '' Merri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vegetarians
Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, insects, and the flesh of any other animal). It may also include abstaining from eating all by-products of animal slaughter. A person who practices vegetarianism is known as a vegetarian. Vegetarianism may be adopted for various reasons. Many people object to eating meat out of respect for sentient animal life. Such ethical motivations have been codified under various religious beliefs as well as animal rights advocacy. Other motivations for vegetarianism are health-related, political, environmental, cultural, aesthetic, economic, taste-related, or relate to other personal preferences. A small number of towns and cities around the world are exclusively vegetarian or have outlawed meat, including Rishikesh, which banned meat, fish, and eggs in 1956. A larger number of towns and cities are vegetarian-friendly. In other locations, finding vegetarian food can pose some diff ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mead Acid
Mead acid is an omega-9 fatty acid, first characterized by James F. Mead. As with some other omega-9 polyunsaturated fatty acids, animals can make Mead acid ''de novo''. Its elevated presence in the blood is an indication of essential fatty acid deficiency. Mead acid is found in large quantities in cartilage. Chemistry Mead acid, also referred to as eicosatrienoic acid, is chemically a carboxylic acid with a 20-carbon chain and three methylene-interrupted '' cis'' double bonds, as is typical for polyunsaturated fatty acids. The first double bond is located at the ninth carbon from the omega end. In physiological literature, it is given the name 20:3 (n-9). (See for an explanation of the naming system.) In the presence of lipoxygenase, cytochrome p450, or cyclooxygenase, mead acid can form various hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE) and hydroperoxy (HpETE) products. Physiology Two fatty acids, linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid, are considered essential fatt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cultivar
A cultivar is a kind of Horticulture, cultivated plant that people have selected for desired phenotypic trait, traits and which retains those traits when Plant propagation, propagated. Methods used to propagate cultivars include division, root and stem cuttings, offsets, grafting, micropropagation, tissue culture, or carefully controlled seed production. Most cultivars arise from deliberate human genetic engineering, manipulation, but some originate from wild plants that have distinctive characteristics. Cultivar names are chosen according to rules of the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP), and not all cultivated plants qualify as cultivars. Horticulturists generally believe the word ''cultivar''''Cultivar'' () has two meanings, as explained in ''#Formal definition, Formal definition'': it is a classification category and a taxonomic unit within the category. When referring to a taxon, the word does not apply to an individual plant but to all plants t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
