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Nullity Theorem
The nullity theorem is a mathematical theorem In mathematics and formal logic, a theorem is a statement (logic), statement that has been Mathematical proof, proven, or can be proven. The ''proof'' of a theorem is a logical argument that uses the inference rules of a deductive system to esta ... about the inverse of a partitioned matrix, which states that the nullity of a block in a matrix equals the nullity of the complementary block in its inverse matrix. Here, the nullity is the dimension of the kernel. The theorem was proven in an abstract setting by , and for matrices by . Partition a matrix and its inverse in four submatrices: : \begin A & B \\ C & D \end^ = \begin E & F \\ G & H \end. The partition on the right-hand side should be the transpose of the partition on the left-hand side, in the sense that if ''A'' is an ''m''-by-''n'' block then ''E'' should be an ''n''-by-''m'' block. The statement of the nullity theorem is now that the nullities of the blocks on the ri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Theorem
In mathematics and formal logic, a theorem is a statement (logic), statement that has been Mathematical proof, proven, or can be proven. The ''proof'' of a theorem is a logical argument that uses the inference rules of a deductive system to establish that the theorem is a logical consequence of the axioms and previously proved theorems. In mainstream mathematics, the axioms and the inference rules are commonly left implicit, and, in this case, they are almost always those of Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory with the axiom of choice (ZFC), or of a less powerful theory, such as Peano arithmetic. Generally, an assertion that is explicitly called a theorem is a proved result that is not an immediate consequence of other known theorems. Moreover, many authors qualify as ''theorems'' only the most important results, and use the terms ''lemma'', ''proposition'' and ''corollary'' for less important theorems. In mathematical logic, the concepts of theorems and proofs have been formal system ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Matrix Inverse
In linear algebra, an invertible matrix (''non-singular'', ''non-degenarate'' or ''regular'') is a square matrix that has an inverse. In other words, if some other matrix is multiplied by the invertible matrix, the result can be multiplied by an inverse to undo the operation. An invertible matrix multiplied by its inverse yields the identity matrix. Invertible matrices are the same size as their inverse. Definition An -by- square matrix is called invertible if there exists an -by- square matrix such that\mathbf = \mathbf = \mathbf_n ,where denotes the -by- identity matrix and the multiplication used is ordinary matrix multiplication. If this is the case, then the matrix is uniquely determined by , and is called the (multiplicative) ''inverse'' of , denoted by . Matrix inversion is the process of finding the matrix which when multiplied by the original matrix gives the identity matrix. Over a field, a square matrix that is ''not'' invertible is called singular or degener ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Partitioned Matrix
In mathematics, a block matrix or a partitioned matrix is a matrix that is interpreted as having been broken into sections called blocks or submatrices. Intuitively, a matrix interpreted as a block matrix can be visualized as the original matrix with a collection of horizontal and vertical lines, which break it up, or partition it, into a collection of smaller matrices. For example, the 3x4 matrix presented below is divided by horizontal and vertical lines into four blocks: the top-left 2x3 block, the top-right 2x1 block, the bottom-left 1x3 block, and the bottom-right 1x1 block. : \left \begin a_ & a_ & a_ & b_ \\ a_ & a_ & a_ & b_ \\ \hline c_ & c_ & c_ & d \end \right Any matrix may be interpreted as a block matrix in one or more ways, with each interpretation defined by how its rows and columns are partitioned. This notion can be made more precise for an n by m matrix M by partitioning n into a collection \text, and then partitioning m into a collection \text. The original m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Null Space
In mathematics, the kernel of a linear map, also known as the null space or nullspace, is the part of the domain which is mapped to the zero vector of the co-domain; the kernel is always a linear subspace of the domain. That is, given a linear map between two vector spaces and , the kernel of is the vector space of all elements of such that , where denotes the zero vector in , or more symbolically: \ker(L) = \left\ = L^(\mathbf). Properties The kernel of is a linear subspace of the domain .Linear algebra, as discussed in this article, is a very well established mathematical discipline for which there are many sources. Almost all of the material in this article can be found in , , and Strang's lectures. In the linear map L : V \to W, two elements of have the same image in if and only if their difference lies in the kernel of , that is, L\left(\mathbf_1\right) = L\left(\mathbf_2\right) \quad \text \quad L\left(\mathbf_1-\mathbf_2\right) = \mathbf. From this, it follows ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Matrix Theory
In mathematics, a matrix (: matrices) is a rectangular array or table of numbers, symbols, or expressions, with elements or entries arranged in rows and columns, which is used to represent a mathematical object or property of such an object. For example, \begin1 & 9 & -13 \\20 & 5 & -6 \end is a matrix with two rows and three columns. This is often referred to as a "two-by-three matrix", a " matrix", or a matrix of dimension . Matrices are commonly used in linear algebra, where they represent linear maps. In geometry, matrices are widely used for specifying and representing geometric transformations (for example rotations) and coordinate changes. In numerical analysis, many computational problems are solved by reducing them to a matrix computation, and this often involves computing with matrices of huge dimensions. Matrices are used in most areas of mathematics and scientific fields, either directly, or through their use in geometry and numerical analysis. '' Square matr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |