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Norfentanyl
Norfentanyl is an inactive synthetic opioid analgesic drug precursor. It is an analog and metabolite of fentanyl with the removal of the phenethyl moiety (or functional group) from fentanyl chemical structure. Occurrence and Applications Norfentanyl occurs primarily as a metabolite of its parent drug, fentanyl. However, it can also be used to synthesize fentanyl itself. See also * 3-Methylbutyrfentanyl * 4-Fluorobutyrfentanyl * 4-Fluorofentanyl * α-Methylfentanyl * Acetylfentanyl * Benzylfentanyl * Furanylfentanyl * Homofentanyl * List of fentanyl analogues The following is a list of fentanyl Structural analog, analogues (sometimes referred to as fentalogs), and includes both compounds developed by pharmaceutical companies for legitimate medical use, and those which have been sold as designer drugs. ... References Further reading * * * * * {{Opioidergics Synthetic opioids 4-Piperidinyl compounds Anilides Mu-opioid receptor agonists Acetanilides [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fentanyl
Fentanyl is a highly potent synthetic piperidine opioid primarily used as an analgesic (pain medication). It is 30 to 50 times more Potency (pharmacology), potent than heroin and 50 to 100 times more potent than morphine. Its primary Medicine, clinical utility is in pain management for cancer patients and those recovering from painful surgeries. Fentanyl is also used as a sedative. Depending on the method of delivery, fentanyl can be very fast acting and ingesting a relatively small quantity can cause overdose. Fentanyl works by activating μ-opioid receptors. Fentanyl is sold under the brand names Actiq, Duragesic, and Sublimaze, among others. Pharmaceutical fentanyl's adverse effects are similar to those of other opioids and narcotics including addiction, confusion, hypoventilation, respiratory depression (which, if extensive and untreated, may lead to respiratory arrest), drowsiness, nausea, visual disturbances, dyskinesia, hallucinations, delirium, a subset of the latte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Fentanyl Analogues
The following is a list of fentanyl Structural analog, analogues (sometimes referred to as fentalogs), and includes both compounds developed by pharmaceutical companies for legitimate medical use, and those which have been sold as designer drugs. The latter have been reported to national drug control agencies such as the Drug Enforcement Administration, DEA, and some to transnational agencies such as the EMCDDA and UNODC. This is not a comprehensive or exhaustive list of fentanyl analogues, as more than 1400 compounds from this family have been described in the scientific and patent literature. However, this list does include many notable compounds that have reached late-stage human clinical trials, and compounds which have been sold as designer drugs, as well as representative examples of significant structural variations reported in the scientific and patent literature. The structural variations among fentanyl analogues can impart profound pharmacological differences between each ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acetylfentanyl
Acetylfentanyl (acetyl fentanyl) is an opioid analgesic drug that is an analog of fentanyl. Studies have estimated acetylfentanyl to be 15 times more potent than morphine, which would mean that despite being somewhat weaker than fentanyl, it is nevertheless still several times stronger than pure heroin. It has never been licensed for medical use and instead has only been sold on the illicit drug market. Acetylfentanyl was discovered at the same time as fentanyl itself and had only rarely been encountered on the illicit market in the late 1980s. However, in 2013, Canadian police seized 3 kilograms of acetylfentanyl. As a μ-opioid receptor agonist, acetylfentanyl may serve as a direct substitute for oxycodone, heroin or other opioids. Common side effects of fentanyl analogs are similar to those of fentanyl itself, which include itching, nausea, and potentially fatal respiratory depression. Fentanyl analogs have killed hundreds of people throughout Europe and the former Soviet rep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Homofentanyl
Homofentanyl (N-Phenylpropylnorfentanyl, Fentanyl propyl analogue) is an opioid derivative which has been sold as a designer drug. It is a homologue of fentanyl, with similar analgesic and sedative effects but lower potency, around 14× stronger than pethidine. See also * Acetylfentanyl * Benzylfentanyl * Butyrylfentanyl * Fentanyl azepane * Isofentanyl * Secofentanyl * OPPPP OPPPP (1-(3-Oxo-3-phenylpropyl)-4-phenyl-4-piperidinyl propionate) is one of several compounds derived from MPPP, the reversed ester of the opioid analgesic pethidine, which were sold as designer drugs in the 1980s, but have been rarely encounte ... References Designer drugs Opioids {{analgesic-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diário Oficial Da União
The ''Diário Oficial da União'' (literally ''Official Diary of the Union''), abbreviated DOU, is the government gazette, official gazette of the Federal Government of Brazil, Federal Government of Brazil. It is published since 1 October 1862 and was created via the Imperial Decree 1,177 of its 9 September as the ''Official Journal of the Empire of Brazil''. Its current name was adopted after Brazil became a federal republic, and the "Union" came into being as the legal personality of the new federal government. The official journal is published by the Imprensa Nacional, Brazilian National Press. Though the journal has been published since 1862, it had many predecessors, as follows: # Gazeta do Rio de Janeiro (10/9/1808 – 29.12.1821) # Gazeta do Rio (1/1/1822 – 31/12/1822) # Diário do Governo (2/1/1823 – 28/6/1833) # Diário Fluminense (21/5/1824 – 24/4/1831) # Correio Oficial (1/7/1833 – 30/6/1836) e (2/1/1830 – 30/12/1840) # Without proper journal (31/12/1840 – ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anilides
In organic chemistry, anilides (or phenylamides) are a class of organic compounds with the general structure . They are amide derivatives of aniline (). Preparation Aniline reacts with acyl chlorides or carboxylic anhydrides to give anilides. For example, reaction of aniline with acetyl chloride provides acetanilide (). At high temperatures, aniline and carboxylic acids react to give anilides. Uses * Herbicides * Fungicides Fungicides are pesticides used to kill parasitic fungi or their spores. Fungi can cause serious damage in agriculture, resulting in losses of yield and quality. Fungicides are used both in agriculture and to fight fungal infections in animals, ... - Oxycarboxin, Carboxin References External links * {{organic-chemistry-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Synthetic Opioids
Opioids are a class of Drug, drugs that derive from, or mimic, natural substances found in the Papaver somniferum, opium poppy plant. Opioids work on opioid receptors in the brain and other organs to produce a variety of morphine-like effects, including analgesic, pain relief. The terms "opioid" and "opiate" are sometimes used interchangeably, but the term "opioid" is used to designate all substances, both natural and synthetic, that bind to opioid receptors in the brain. Opiates are alkaloid compounds naturally found in the opium poppy plant ''Papaver somniferum''. Medically they are primarily used for pain relief, including anesthesia. Other medical uses include suppression of diarrhea, replacement therapy for opioid use disorder, and Cold medicine, suppressing cough. The opioid receptor antagonist naloxone is used to reverse opioid overdose. Extremely potent opioids such as carfentanil are approved only for Veterinary medicine, veterinary use. Opioids are also frequently use ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Furanylfentanyl
Furanylfentanyl (Fu-F) is an opioid analgesic that is an analog of fentanyl and has been sold as a designer drug. It has an ED50 value of 0.02 mg/kg in mice. Research done in the 1980's showed that in humans furanylfentanyl is 50-100 times more potent than morphine, making it roughly half as potent as fentanyl, toxicology reports seem to confirm this finding after furanylfentanyl began appearing on the illicit drug market in 2015. Side effects Side effects of fentanyl analogs are similar to those of fentanyl itself, which include itching, nausea and potentially serious respiratory depression, which can be life-threatening. Fentanyl analogs have killed hundreds of people throughout Europe and the former Soviet republics since the most recent resurgence in use began in Estonia in the early 2000s, and novel derivatives continue to appear. Life-threatening adverse reactions caused by furanylfentanyl use have been observed in Sweden and Canada. At least seven deaths in Cook C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benzylfentanyl
Benzylfentanyl (R-4129) is a fentanyl analog. It was temporarily placed in the US Schedule I by emergency scheduling in 1985 due to concerns about its potential for abuse as a designer drug, but this placement was allowed to expire and benzylfentanyl was formally removed from controlled substance listing in 2010, after the DEA's testing determined it to be "essentially inactive" as an opioid. Benzylfentanyl has a Ki of 213 nM at the mu opioid receptor, binding around 1/200 as strong as fentanyl itself, though it is still slightly more potent than codeine. Side effects of fentanyl analogs are similar to those of fentanyl itself, which include itching, nausea, and potentially serious respiratory depression which can be life-threatening. Fentanyl analogs have killed hundreds of people throughout Europe and the former Soviet republics since the most recent resurgence in use began in Estonia in the early 2000s, and novel derivatives continue to appear. Legal status Benzylfentanyl is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
α-Methylfentanyl
α-Methylfentanyl (or ''alpha''-Methylfentanyl, α-MF) an opioid analgesic that is an analog of fentanyl. It is sometimes sold as "China White". History α-Methylfentanyl was discovered by a team at Janssen Pharmaceutica in the 1960s. In 1976, it began to appear mixed with heroin, as an additive, and the mixture was sometimes also called "China White". It was first identified in the bodies of two drug overdose victims in Orange County, California, in December 1979, who appeared to have died from opiate overdose but tested negative for any known drugs of this type. Over the next year, there were 13 more deaths, and eventually the responsible agent was identified as α-methylfentanyl. α-Methylfentanyl was placed on the U.S. Schedule I list in September 1981, only two years after its appearance on the street, but already other fentanyl analogs were being developed. Following the appearance of α-methylfentanyl on the market, dozens of new fentanyl analogs have been reported, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Opioid
Opioids are a class of Drug, drugs that derive from, or mimic, natural substances found in the Papaver somniferum, opium poppy plant. Opioids work on opioid receptors in the brain and other organs to produce a variety of morphine-like effects, including analgesic, pain relief. The terms "opioid" and "opiate" are sometimes used interchangeably, but the term "opioid" is used to designate all substances, both natural and synthetic, that bind to opioid receptors in the brain. Opiates are alkaloid compounds naturally found in the opium poppy plant ''Papaver somniferum''. Medically they are primarily used for pain relief, including anesthesia. Other medical uses include suppression of diarrhea, replacement therapy for opioid use disorder, and Cold medicine, suppressing cough. The opioid receptor antagonist naloxone is used to reverse opioid overdose. Extremely potent opioids such as carfentanil are approved only for Veterinary medicine, veterinary use. Opioids are also frequently use ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
