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Noken System
The noken system, or ikat system, is a Electoral system, voting practice used in parts of Indonesia's Western New Guinea (Papua) that deviates from standard national electoral practices. The name refers to ''noken'' bags, which are widely used in the region and hold cultural value. In areas that use the ''noken'' system, voting is carried out by communities, either through public agreement on vote allocation or through the delegation of votes to a tribal leader. There is no law establishing ''noken'' voting, but its use has been approved by the Constitutional Court of Indonesia as an expression of Adat, customary practices. It is unclear when ''noken'' voting was first used, but it was established as a formal practice following the approval of the Constitutional Court in 2009. There is no standard process for ''noken'' voting. Each polling station establishes a voting process in cooperation with local tribal chiefs and political parties. Broadly, there are two forms of ''noken'' v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electoral System
An electoral or voting system is a set of rules used to determine the results of an election. Electoral systems are used in politics to elect governments, while non-political elections may take place in business, nonprofit organizations and informal organisations. These rules govern all aspects of the voting process: when elections occur, Suffrage, who is allowed to vote, Nomination rules, who can stand as a candidate, Voting method, how ballots are marked and cast, how the ballots are counted, how votes translate into the election outcome, limits on Campaign finance, campaign spending, and other factors that can affect the result. Political electoral systems are defined by constitutions and electoral laws, are typically conducted by election commissions, and can use multiple types of elections for different offices. Some electoral systems elect a single winner to a unique position, such as prime minister, president or governor, while others elect multiple winners, such as membe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Direct Election
Direct election is a system of choosing political officeholders in which the voters directly cast ballots for the persons or political party that they want to see elected. The method by which the winner or winners of a direct election are chosen depends upon the electoral system used. The most commonly used systems are the plurality system and the two-round system for single-winner elections, such as a presidential election, and proportional representation for the election of a legislature or executive. By contrast, in an indirect election, the voters elect a body which in turn elects the officeholder in question. In a double direct election, the elected representative serves on two councils, typically a lower-tier municipality and an upper-tier regional district or municipality. Examples Legislatures * The European Parliament has been directly elected every five years since 1979. Member states determine how to elect their representatives, but, among other requirement ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2013 Papua Gubernatorial Election
Thirteen or 13 may refer to: * 13 (number) * Any of the years 13 BC, AD 13, 1913, or 2013 Music Albums * ''13'' (Black Sabbath album), 2013 * ''13'' (Blur album), 1999 * ''13'' (Borgeous album), 2016 * ''13'' (Brian Setzer album), 2006 * ''13'' (Die Ärzte album), 1998 * ''13'' (The Doors album), 1970 * ''13'' (Havoc album), 2013 * ''13'' (HLAH album), 1993 * ''13'' (Indochine album), 2017 * ''13'' (Marta Savić album), 2011 * ''13'' (Norman Westberg album), 2015 * ''13'' (Ozark Mountain Daredevils album), 1997 * ''13'' (Six Feet Under album), 2005 * ''13'' (Suicidal Tendencies album), 2013 * ''13'' (Solace album), 2003 * ''13'' (Second Coming album), 2003 * 13 (Timati album), 2013 * ''13'' (Ces Cru EP), 2012 * ''13'' (Denzel Curry EP), 2017 * ''Thirteen'' (CJ & The Satellites album), 2007 * ''Thirteen'' (Emmylou Harris album), 1986 * ''Thirteen'' (Harem Scarem album), 2014 * ''Thirteen'' (James Reyne album), 2012 * ''Thirteen'' (Megadeth album), 2011 * ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papua (province)
Papua is a provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia, comprising the northern coast of Western New Guinea together with island groups in Cenderawasih Bay to the west. It roughly follows the borders of the Papuan customary region of Tabi Saireri, and is divided into eight regency (Indonesia), regencies () and one city (''kota''), the latter being the provincial capital of Jayapura. It is bordered by the nation of Papua New Guinea to the east, the Pacific Ocean to the north, Cenderawasih Bay to the west, and the provinces of Central Papua and Highland Papua to the south. The province also shares Maritime boundary, maritime boundaries with Palau in the Pacific. Papua, along with the five other Western New Guinea#Administration, Papuan provinces, has a higher degree of autonomy level compared to other Provinces of Indonesia, Indonesian provinces. Before 2003, the province (known as Irian Barat from 1962 to 1973 and Irian Jaya from 1973 to 2002) covered the entirety of Western N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
General Elections Commission
The General Elections Commission (, abbreviated as KPU) is the body that organises elections in Indonesia. Its responsibilities include deciding which parties can contest elections, organising the voting and announcing the results and seats won in the various branches of the government. History Following the Fall of Suharto, fall of President Suharto and the end of Indonesia's authoritarian New Order (Indonesia), New Order, as a result of public pressure, B. J. Habibie, President Habibie brought forward the general elections planned for 2002 to 1999. On 1 February the People's Representative Council passed Law No. 3/1999 on the General Election, which mandated the establishment of a "free and independent General Elections Commission comprising members of political parties and the government" to oversee the elections. The commission was then established with 53 members and former home affairs minister Rudini as chair. As a result of further public pressure, the government appoin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lukas Enembe Official Portrait As Governor Of Papua Province
Lukas is an English form of the Greek name Λουκάς, which is Romanized as Loukas. Popularity In 2013, with the alternative spelling of Lucas, it was the ninth most popular name for boys in Australia. Meaning and different spellings *Amharic - Luqas (ሉቃስ) *Arabic - Luqa () / Luqas () *Armenian - Ղուկաս, Ghukas * Croatian / Serbian / Slovenian - Luka (Лука) *Czech - Lukáš *Dutch - Lucas / Lukas / Luca * English - Luke / Lucas / Lukas *Estonian - Luukas * Finnish - Luukas * French - Luc / Lukas * Georgian - ლუკა *German - Lukas *Greek - Loukas (Λουκάς) - Ancient Greek (Λουκᾶς) * Hungarian - Lukács / Lúkas / Lúkasz * Icelandic - Lúkas * Indonesian - Lukas, Lucas * Irish: Lúc, Lúcás *Italian - Luca *Latin - Lucas (from the verb "lucere") * Latvian - Lūkass * Lithuanian - Lukas * Norwegian / Swedish / Danish - Lucas / Lukas *Anglo-Saxon - Lukas *Polish - Łukasz * Portuguese - Lucas *Russian - Лукьян / Лука * Slovak - Luk ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitution Of Indonesia
The 1945 Constitution of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (, commonly abbreviated as ''UUD 1945'' or ''UUD '45'') is the supreme law and basis for all laws of Indonesia. The constitution was written in June–August 1945, in the final months of the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies at the end of World War II. It was abrogated by the Federal Constitution of 1949 and the Provisional Constitution of 1950, but restored by President Sukarno's 1959 Decree. The 1945 Constitution sets forth the Pancasila, the five nationalist principles, as the embodiment of basic principles of an independent Indonesian state. It provides for a limited separation of executive, legislative, and judicial powers. The governmental system has been described as "presidential with parliamentary characteristics."King (2007) Following major upheavals in 1998 and the resignation of President Suharto, several political reforms were set in motion, via amendments to the Constitution, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adat
Alesis Digital Audio Tape, commonly referred to as ADAT, is a magnetic tape format used for the Sound recording and reproduction, recording of eight digital audio tracks onto the same S-VHS tape used by consumer VCRs, and the basis of a series of multitrack recorders by Alesis. Although originally a tape-based format, the term ''ADAT'' later also referred to hard disk recorders like the Alesis ADAT HD24. In 2004, recognizing the ADAT for "beginning a revolution of affordable recording tools," it was inducted into the first-ever TEC Awards TECnology Hall of Fame. History Alesis announced the first ADAT model at the NAMM Show in Anaheim, California in January 1991, with the first ADAT recorders shipping over a year later in February or March 1992. This original ADAT model recorded up to 8 tracks of 16-bit digital audio on a standard S-VHS tape cartridge. Additionally, up to 16 ADATs could be connected to each other to record up to 128 tracks simultaneously with sample-accurate t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yahukimo Regency
Yahukimo Regency is one of the regencies (''kabupaten'') in the Indonesian province of Highland Papua. It covers an area of 17,152 km2, and had a population of 164,512 at the 2010 Census,Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011. but this figure more than doubled to reach 350,880 at the 2020 Census;Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021. the official estimate as at mid 2022 was 361,776.Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2023, ''Kabupaten Yahukimo Dalam Angka 2023'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.9503) The official administrative centre of Yahukimo Regency is at Sumohai, which is located 25 kilometres north of the town of Dekai, but - due to the lack of infrastructure in Sumohai - the actual administrative centre of the regency is in Dekai. The regency was formerly part of the Jayawijaya Regency, but was split off to become a separate regency on 11 December 2002. Etymology The name ''Yahukimo'' is a combined word from the names of the tribes living in the area, the Yali, Hubla, Kimyal and Momuna. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Puncak Jaya Regency
Puncak Jaya Regency is one of the regencies (''kabupaten'') in the Indonesian province of Central Papua. It is an inland highland regency,McGibbon, RoddPlural Society in Peril: Migration, Economic Change, and the Papua Conflict '' East–West Center'' (2004). Retrieved December 20, 2010. lying directly east of Paniai Regency and west of Jayawijaya Regency and Tolikara Regency (including those new regencies which have subsequently been created within the former boundaries of those regencies).Map of Papua Province, Indonesia '' East–West Center'' publication. Retrieved December 20, 2010. As of 2004, it was reported that these four regencies had ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paniai Regency
Paniai Regency is one of the regencies (''kabupaten'') in Central Papua Province of Indonesia. It is named after the Paniai Lakes. It covers an area of 6,525.25 km2, and had a population of 153,432 at the 2010 CensusBiro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011. and 220,410 at the 2020 Census;Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021. the official estimate as of mid-2024 was 227,254 - comprising 124,260 males and 102,994 females.Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, ''Kabupaten Paniai Dalam Angka 2024'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.9605) The administrative centre is the town of Enarotali, in East Paniai. Administrative districts At the 2010 Census, Paniai Regency comprised ten districts (''distrik''). However, by 2018 the splitting of existing districts to create additional ones had raised the total to twenty-four districts. These are tabulated below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 censusBiro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011. and 2020 Census.Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suharto
Suharto (8 June 1921 – 27 January 2008) was an Indonesian Officer (armed forces), military officer and politician, and dictator, who was the second and longest serving president of Indonesia, serving from 1967 to 1998. His 32 years rule, characterised as authoritarian and kleptocratic, was marked by widespread corruption, political repression, and human rights abuses. Suharto's regime Fall of Suharto, ultimately collapsed in 1998 amid May 1998 riots of Indonesia, mass protests, violent unrest, and the fallout of the 1997 Asian financial crisis, leading to his resignation. Suharto was born in Kemusuk, near the city of Yogyakarta, during the Dutch East Indies, Dutch colonial era. He grew up in humble circumstances. His Javanese people, Javanese Muslim parents divorced not long after his birth, and he lived with foster parents for much of his childhood. During the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies, Japanese occupation, Suharto served in the Japanese-organized Indones ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
