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Neurofunk
Neurofunk (also known informally as neuro) is a dark subgenre of drum and bass which emerged between 1997 and 1998 in London, England as a progression of techstep. It was further developed by juxtaposing elements of darker, heavier, and harder forms of funk with multiple influences ranging from techno, house and jazz, distinguished by consecutive stabs over the bassline; razor-sharp backbeats; scarce or nonexistent traditional melodies; a hyper focus on sub sound design; the use of modulated, distorted and filtered synthesizers and audio capture from samplers such as the Akai S1000 and Emu E6400. History The first sounds of neurofunk emerged from techstep within the larger musical genre of drum and bass and jungle during the late nineties. Neurofunk's early evolution – when diverging from techstep – can be heard on Ed Rush and Optical's ''Funktion'' (1997) single for V Recordings, as well as on their first album ''Wormhole'' (1998) for Virus Recordings. The fi ...
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Drum And Bass
Drum and bass (commonly abbreviated as DnB, D&B, or D'n'B) is a genre of electronic dance music characterised by fast Break (music)#Breakbeat (element of music), breakbeats (typically 165–185 Tempo, beats per minute) with heavy Bass (music), bass and sub-bass lines, Sampling (music), samples, and synthesizers. The genre grew out of the UK's Jungle music, jungle scene in the 1990s. The popularity of drum and bass at its commercial peak ran parallel to several other UK dance styles. A major influence was the original Jamaican dub music, dub and reggae sound that influenced Jungle music, jungle's bass-heavy sound. Another feature of the style is the complex syncopation of the drum tracks' break (music), breakbeat. Drum and bass subgenres include breakcore, ragga jungle, hardstep, darkstep, techstep, neurofunk, ambient drum and bass, liquid funk (also known as liquid drum and bass), jump up, drumfunk, sambass, and drill 'n' bass. Drum and bass has influenced other genres such a ...
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Wormhole (album)
''Wormhole'' is the debut album by the English drum and bass act Ed Rush & Optical. Recorded between 1997 and 1998, the album was issued on 16 November 1998 through their self-run Virus Recordings label on vinyl and CD formats. The CD edition was a double disc, the second disc containing an hour-long continuous mix while the LP was a five-disc boxset, with a single track per side. On 26 November 2012 the album was reissued on both formats with new artwork, the LP edition being pressed on green vinyl. Since the album's initial release in 1998, it has gained praise amongst critics, with some even considering it as one of the best drum and bass albums of all time. ''Wormhole'' is also considered to be the first neurofunk (a subgenre of drum and bass) album recorded. The recordings were produced and mixed in Optical's custom built studio, based in Rob Playford's Moving Shadow offices, St Anne's Court, SOHO, London between 1997 and '98. The final mastering was done by Stuart Hawkes ...
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Ed Rush
Ben Settle, known by the stage name Ed Rush, is a drum and bass producer and DJ. Rush has been releasing records since 1992 primarily with Optical (Matt Quinn), his musical partner since 1997. Along with Optical, he is also the co-founder of the record label Virus Recordings, which releases his records along with other drum and bass acts. He is most associated with the aggressive styles of drum and bass music known as techstep, darkcore and neurofunk. Early career Rush's first releases were a pair of self-released white label 12" singles, the Prince Jammy-sampling "I Wanna Stay in the Jungle" and "Look What They've Done" in late 1992. In early 1993, Rush begun playing on the London pirate radio station Don FM, where he was to first meet future production partner DJ Trace, resulting in the duo releasing the track "Don Bad Man", produced by engineer Nico Sykes. Shortly after, Rush recorded "Bludclot Artattack", which was released on Sykes' No U Turn Records. This release helpe ...
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Optical (artist)
Matt Quinn, known by his stage name Optical, is a British musician, producer and DJ. He is co-founder and owner of Virus Recordings, a widely regarded drum and bass record label. He is best known as one half of drum and bass duo Ed Rush and Optical (with his long-time musical partner Ed Rush), whose debut album ''Wormhole'' has been described as one of the most significant LPs of the drum and bass genre. He is also the brother of Jamie Quinn also known as Matrix. Early years Quinn started making music as a teenager, and performing as a DJ on the UK free festival scene with Bedlam, Spiral Tribe and Techno Travellers Soundsystem including the legendary Castlemorton Common Festival. He had his first releases in 1992 using the name Little Matt, released on Fat Chuna Recordings, and also under his short-lived hardcore jungle alias ''Teknarchi'' in 1993, and later as a techno producer (under various monikers such as Fly By Wire featured on Carl Cox's F.A.C.T 2 release, and Morph ...
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Techstep
Techstep is a dark subgenre of drum and bass that was created in the mid-1990s. Style It is characterized by a dark, sci-fi mood, near-exclusive use of synthesised or sampled sound sources, 2-step kicks and snares and influences from industrial and techno music, what some writers have described as a "clinical" sound. Although described as having a "techy" feel, techstep's relationship with techno should not be overstated. It shares the technique of creating a high-energy collage from abstract, synthetic noises, including samples, bleeps and squelches: it rarely uses instruments that have not been processed by effects. Similarly, quantized drum-machine kit and percussion sounds are favored over naturalistic human breakbeats. However, it usually adheres to drum and bass norms in other regards, especially in terms of musical structure, with the emphasis on the "drop". Techstep saw jungle music's obsession with bass change, from aiming for low and deep to exploring timbre, artis ...
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Dark Ambient
Dark ambient (referred to as ambient industrial especially in the 1980s) is a genre of post-industrial musicReed, Alexander: ''Assimilate: A Critical History of Industrial Music'', Oxford University Press, 2013, , p. 190 that features an ominous, dark droning and often gloomy, monumental or a Catacombs, catacomb-inspired atmosphere, partially with discordant overtones. It shows similarities with ambient music, a genre that has been cited as a main influence by many dark ambient artists, both conceptually and compositionally.Thomas Hecken, Marcus S. Kleiner: ''Industrial. Die zweite Generation.'', Handbuch Popkultur, J. B. Metzler Verlag, 2017, , p. 99. Although mostly electronically generated, dark ambient also includes the sampling of hand-played instruments and semi-acoustic recording procedures. Characteristics Dark ambient often consists of evolving consonance and dissonance, dissonant harmonies of Drone (music), drones and resonances, low frequency rumbles and machine noi ...
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Funk
Funk is a music genre that originated in African-American communities in the mid-1960s when musicians created a rhythmic, danceable new form of music through a mixture of various music genres that were popular among African-Americans in the mid-20th century. It deemphasizes melody and chord progressions and focuses on a strong rhythmic groove of a bassline played by an electric bassist and a drum part played by a percussionist, often at slower tempos than other popular music. Funk typically consists of a complex percussive groove with rhythm instruments playing interlocking grooves that create a "hypnotic" and "danceable" feel. It uses the same richly colored extended chords found in bebop jazz, such as minor chords with added sevenths and elevenths, and dominant seventh chords with altered ninths and thirteenths. Funk originated in the mid-1960s, with James Brown's development of a signature groove that emphasized the downbeat—with a heavy emphasis on the first be ...
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Simon Reynolds
Simon Reynolds (born 19 June 1963) is an English music journalist and author who began his career at ''Melody Maker'' in the mid-1980s. He subsequently worked as a freelancer and published a number of books on music and popular culture. Reynolds has contributed to '' Spin'', ''Rolling Stone'', ''The New York Times'', ''The Village Voice'', ''The Guardian'', ''The Wire'', ''Pitchfork'' and others. Biography Early life and ''Blissed Out'' (1990) Reynolds was born in London in 1963 and grew up in Berkhamsted. Inspired by his younger brother Tim, he became interested in rock and specifically punk in 1978. In the early 1980s, he attended Brasenose College, Oxford University. After graduating, in 1984 he co-founded the Oxford-based pop culture journal ''Monitor'' with his friends and future ''Melody Maker'' colleagues Paul Oldfield and David Stubbs along with Hilary Little and Chris Scott. In 1986, Reynolds joined the staff of ''Melody Maker'', where his writing was marked by enthu ...
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V Recordings
V Recordings is a drum and bass record label, based in the United Kingdom. It was founded in 1993 by Bryan Gee and Jumpin Jack Frost. History Founded in 1993 through the friendship of Bryan Gee and Jumpin Jack Frost, V Recordings is one of the longest-running drum and bass labels and has launched the recording careers of the likes of Roni Size, Krust, and DJ Die. Gee, originally from Gloucester, was particularly excited by the "Bristol underground scene, Bristol Sound" and working as Artists and repertoire, A&R at a record label at the time, heard some of Roni Size and Krust's early material. Gee and Frost would make the trip to Bristol and decide to set up the label shortly after in order to release some of their music. The label has released classics of the genre such as "Set Speed" by Krust, "Fresh" by Roni Size, and "Brand New Funk" by Adam F. The labels' biggest commercial success was "LK (Carolina Carol Bela)" by DJ Marky featuring Stamina MC - which reached #17 in the ...
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Synthesizer
A synthesizer (also synthesiser or synth) is an electronic musical instrument that generates audio signals. Synthesizers typically create sounds by generating waveforms through methods including subtractive synthesis, additive synthesis and frequency modulation synthesis. These sounds may be altered by components such as filters, which cut or boost frequencies; envelopes, which control articulation, or how notes begin and end; and low-frequency oscillators, which modulate parameters such as pitch, volume, or filter characteristics affecting timbre. Synthesizers are typically played with keyboards or controlled by sequencers, software or other instruments, and may be synchronized to other equipment via MIDI. Synthesizer-like instruments emerged in the United States in the mid-20th century with instruments such as the RCA Mark II, which was controlled with punch cards and used hundreds of vacuum tubes. The Moog synthesizer, developed by Robert Moog and first so ...
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English (ethnic Group)
The English people are an ethnic group and nation native to England, who speak the English language, a West Germanic language, and share a common ancestry, history, and culture. The English identity began with the Anglo-Saxons, when they were known as the , meaning "Angle kin" or "English people". Their ethnonym is derived from the Angles, one of the Germanic peoples who invaded Britain around the 5th century AD. The English largely descend from two main historical population groups: the West Germanic tribes, including the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes who settled in Southern Britain following the withdrawal of the Romans, and the partially Romanised Celtic Britons who already lived there.Martiniano, R., Caffell, A., Holst, M. et al. "Genomic signals of migration and continuity in Britain before the Anglo-Saxons". ''Nat Commun'' 7, 10326 (2016). Collectively known as the Anglo-Saxons, they founded what was to become the Kingdom of England by the 10th century, in response to ...
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