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Nanolaser
A nanolaser is a laser that has Nanoscopic scale, nanoscale dimensions and it refers to a micro-/nano- device which can emit light with light or electric excitation of nanowires or other nanomaterials that serve as resonators. A standard feature of nanolasers includes their light confinement on a scale approaching or suppressing the Diffraction-limited system, diffraction limit of light. These tiny lasers can be modulated quickly and, combined with their small Surface area, footprint, this makes them ideal candidates for on-chip optical computing. History Albert Einstein proposed the stimulated emission in 1916, which contributed to the first demonstration of laser in 1961. From then on, people have been pursuing the miniaturization of lasers for more compact size and less energy consumption all the time. Since people noticed that light has different interactions with matter at the nanoscale in the 1990s, significant progress has been made to achieve the miniaturization of lasers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peidong Yang
Peidong Yang (simplified Chinese: 杨培东; traditional Chinese: 楊培東; pinyin: ''Yáng Peídōng''; born 1971) is a Chinese-American chemist, material scientist, and businessman. He is the S.K. and Angela Chan Distinguished Professor of Energy, as well as a Professor of Chemistry and a Professor of Materials Science at the University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley). He is also a Senior Faculty Scientist at the Materials and Chemical Sciences Division at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the Director of the California Research Alliance by BASF and the Director of the Kavli Energy Nanoscience Institute at UC Berkeley. Peidong Yang Group studies semiconductor nanowires and other nanostructures and their electronic, optical, and catalytic properties. Previously, he served as the Department Head at the Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (JCAP) and Deputy Director of the Center of Integrated Nanomechanical Systems (COINS). He is a member of the National Acad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laser
A laser is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation. The word ''laser'' originated as an acronym for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. The first laser was built in 1960 by Theodore Maiman at Hughes Research Laboratories, based on theoretical work by Charles H. Townes and Arthur Leonard Schawlow and the optical amplifier patented by Gordon Gould. A laser differs from other sources of light in that it emits light that is coherence (physics), ''coherent''. Spatial coherence allows a laser to be focused to a tight spot, enabling uses such as optical communication, laser cutting, and Photolithography#Light sources, lithography. It also allows a laser beam to stay narrow over great distances (collimated light, collimation), used in laser pointers, lidar, and free-space optical communication. Lasers can also have high temporal coherence, which permits them to emit light ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spaser
A spaser or plasmonic laser is a type of laser which aims to confine light at a subwavelength scale far below John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh, Rayleigh's Diffraction limited beam, diffraction limit of light, by storing some of the light energy in electron oscillations called surface plasmon polaritons. The phenomenon was first described by David J. Bergman and Mark Stockman in 2003. The word ''spaser'' is an acronym for "surface plasmon amplification by stimulated emission of radiation". The first such devices were announced in 2009 by three groups: a 44-nanometer-diameter nanoparticle with a gold core surrounded by a dyed silica gain medium created by researchers from Purdue, Norfolk State and Cornell universities, a nanowire on a silver screen by a Berkeley group, and a semiconductor layer of 90 nm surrounded by silver pumped electrically by groups at the Eindhoven University of Technology and at Arizona State University. While the Purdue-Norfolk State-Cornell team de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nanowire Lasers
Semiconductor nanowire lasers are nano-scaled lasers that can be embedded on chips and constitute an advance for computing and information processing applications. Nanowire lasers are coherent light sources (single mode optical waveguides) as any other laser device, with the advantage of operating at the nanoscale. Built by molecular beam epitaxy, nanowire lasers offer the possibility for direct integration on silicon, and the construction of optical interconnects and data communication at the chip scale. Nanowire lasers are built from III–V semiconductor heterostructures. Their unique 1D configuration and high refractive index allow for low optical loss and recirculation in the active nanowire core region. This enables subwavelength laser sizes of only a few hundred nanometers. Nanowires are Fabry–Perot resonator cavities defined by the end facets of the wire, therefore they do not require polishing or cleaving for high-reflectivity facets as in conventional lasers. Propertie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spaser
A spaser or plasmonic laser is a type of laser which aims to confine light at a subwavelength scale far below John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh, Rayleigh's Diffraction limited beam, diffraction limit of light, by storing some of the light energy in electron oscillations called surface plasmon polaritons. The phenomenon was first described by David J. Bergman and Mark Stockman in 2003. The word ''spaser'' is an acronym for "surface plasmon amplification by stimulated emission of radiation". The first such devices were announced in 2009 by three groups: a 44-nanometer-diameter nanoparticle with a gold core surrounded by a dyed silica gain medium created by researchers from Purdue, Norfolk State and Cornell universities, a nanowire on a silver screen by a Berkeley group, and a semiconductor layer of 90 nm surrounded by silver pumped electrically by groups at the Eindhoven University of Technology and at Arizona State University. While the Purdue-Norfolk State-Cornell team de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Optical Computing
Optical computing or photonic computing uses light waves produced by lasers or incoherent sources for data processing, data storage or data communication for computing. For decades, photons have shown promise to enable a higher bandwidth than the electrons used in conventional computers (see optical fibers). Most research projects focus on replacing current computer components with optical equivalents, resulting in an optical digital computer A computer is a machine that can be programmed to automatically carry out sequences of arithmetic or logical operations (''computation''). Modern digital electronic computers can perform generic sets of operations known as ''programs'', wh ... system processing binary data. This approach appears to offer the best short-term prospects for commercial optical computing, since optical components could be integrated into traditional computers to produce an optical-electronic hybrid. However, optoelectronic devices consume 30% of their en ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bound State In The Continuum
A bound state in the continuum (BIC) is an eigenstate of some particular quantum system with the following properties: # Energy lies in the continuous spectrum of propagating modes of the surrounding space; # The state does not interact with any of the states of the continuum (it cannot emit and cannot be excited by any wave that came from the infinity); # Energy is real and Q factor is infinite, if there is no absorption in the system. BICs are observed in electronic, photonic, acoustic systems, and are a general phenomenon exhibited by systems in which wave physics applies. Bound states in the forbidden zone, where there are no finite solutions at infinity, are widely known (atoms, quantum dots, defects in semiconductors). For solutions in a continuum that are associated with this continuum, resonant states are known, which decay (lose energy) over time. They can be excited, for example, by an incident wave with the same energy. The bound states in the continuum have real e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dielectric
In electromagnetism, a dielectric (or dielectric medium) is an Insulator (electricity), electrical insulator that can be Polarisability, polarised by an applied electric field. When a dielectric material is placed in an electric field, electric charges do not flow through the material as they do in an electrical conductor, because they have no loosely bound, or free, electrons that may drift through the material, but instead they shift, only slightly, from their average equilibrium positions, causing dielectric polarisation. Because of Polarisation density, dielectric polarisation, positive charges are displaced in the direction of the field and negative charges shift in the direction opposite to the field. This creates an internal electric field that reduces the overall field within the dielectric itself. If a dielectric is composed of weakly Chemical bond, bonded molecules, those molecules not only become polarised, but also reorient so that their Symmetry axis, symmetry axes a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Photonic Crystal
A photonic crystal is an optical nanostructure in which the refractive index changes periodically. This affects the propagation of light in the same way that the structure of Crystal structure, natural crystals gives rise to X-ray crystallography, X-ray diffraction and that the atomic lattices (crystal structure) of semiconductors affect their conductivity of electrons. Photonic crystals occur in nature in the form of structural coloration and animal reflectors, and, as artificially produced, promise to be useful in a range of applications. Photonic crystals can be fabricated for one, two, or three dimensions. One-dimensional photonic crystals can be made of thin film layers deposited on each other. Two-dimensional ones can be made by photolithography, or by drilling holes in a suitable substrate. Fabrication methods for three-dimensional ones include drilling under different angles, stacking multiple 2-D layers on top of each other, direct laser writing, or, for example, instig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Whispering-gallery Wave
Whispering-gallery waves, or whispering-gallery modes, are a type of wave that can travel around a concave surface. Originally discovered for sound waves in the whispering gallery of St Paul's Cathedral, they can exist for light and for other waves, with important applications in nondestructive testing, laser, lasing, laser cooling, cooling and sensor, sensing, as well as in astronomy. Introduction Whispering-gallery waves were first explained for the case of St Paul's Cathedral circa 1878 by Lord Rayleigh, who revised a previous misconception that whispering, whispers could be heard across the dome but not at any intermediate position. He explained the phenomenon of travelling whispers with a series of specularly reflected sound rays making up chord (geometry), chords of the circular gallery. Clinging to the walls the sound should decay in intensity only as the inverse of the distance — rather than the inverse-square law, inverse square as in the case of a point source of so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quantum Well
A quantum well is a potential well with only discrete energy values. The classic model used to demonstrate a quantum well is to confine particles, which were initially free to move in three dimensions, to two dimensions, by forcing them to occupy a planar region. The effects of quantum confinement take place when the quantum well thickness becomes comparable to the de Broglie wavelength of the carriers (generally electrons and electron hole, holes), leading to energy levels called "energy subbands", i.e., the carriers can only have discrete energy values. The concept of quantum well was proposed in 1963 independently by Herbert Kroemer and by Zhores Alferov and R.F. Kazarinov.Zh. I. Alferov and R.F. Kazarinov, Authors Certificate 28448 (U.S.S.R) 1963. History The semiconductor quantum well was developed in 1970 by Leo Esaki, Esaki and Raphael Tsu, Tsu, who also invented synthetic superlattices. They suggested that a Heterojunction, heterostructure made up of alternating thin l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Micro Disk Resonator Sem
Micro may refer to: Measurement * micro- (μ), a metric prefix denoting a factor of 10−6 Places * Micro, North Carolina, town in U.S. People * DJ Micro, (born Michael Marsicano) an American trance DJ and producer * Chii Tomiya (都宮 ちい, born 1991), Japanese female professional wrestler, ring name Micro * Micro, Nishimiya Yūki (born 1980), Japanese musician, member of the pop band Def Tech Arts, entertainment, and media * Micro (comics), often known as Micro, a character in Marvel Comics * ''Micro'' (novel), techno-thriller by Michael Crichton, published posthumously in 2011 * Micro (Thai band), a Thai rock band formed in 1983 * ''IEEE Micro'', a peer-reviewed scientific journal * International Symposium on Microarchitecture, an academic conference focus on microarchitecture * Micromanagement (gameplay), the handling of detailed gameplay elements, such as individual units in realtime strategy games Brands and enterprises * Micro Cars, Sri Lankan automobile compan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
