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Myxozoan
Myxozoa (etymology: Greek: μύξα ''myxa'' "slime" or "mucus" + thematic vowel o + ζῷον ''zoon'' "animal") is a subphylum of aquatic cnidarian animals – all obligate parasites. It contains the smallest animals ever known to have lived. Over 2,180 species have been described and some estimates have suggested at least 30,000 undiscovered species. Many have a two-host lifecycle, involving a fish and an annelid worm or a bryozoan. The average size of a myxosporean spore usually ranges from 10 μm to 20 μm, whereas that of a malacosporean (a subclade of the Myxozoa) spore can be up to 2 mm. Myxozoans can live in both freshwater and marine habitats. Myxozoans are highly derived cnidarians that have undergone dramatic evolution from a free swimming, self-sufficient jellyfish-like creature into their current form of obligate parasites composed of very few cells – sometimes only a single cell. As myxozoans evolved into microscopic parasites, they lost many g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myxozoans Life Cycle
Myxozoa ( etymology: Greek: μύξα ''myxa'' "slime" or "mucus" + thematic vowel o + ζῷον ''zoon'' "animal") is a subphylum of aquatic cnidarian animals – all obligate parasites. It contains the smallest animals ever known to have lived. Over 2,180 species have been described and some estimates have suggested at least 30,000 undiscovered species. Many have a two-host lifecycle, involving a fish and an annelid worm or a bryozoan. The average size of a myxosporean spore usually ranges from 10 μm to 20 μm, whereas that of a malacosporean (a subclade of the Myxozoa) spore can be up to 2 mm. Myxozoans can live in both freshwater and marine habitats. Myxozoans are highly derived cnidarians that have undergone dramatic evolution from a free swimming, self-sufficient jellyfish-like creature into their current form of obligate parasites composed of very few cells – sometimes only a single cell. As myxozoans evolved into microscopic parasites, they los ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myxobolus Cerebralis
''Myxobolus cerebralis'' is a Myxosporea, myxosporean parasite of Salmonidae, salmonids (salmon and trout species) that causes whirling disease in Fish farming, farmed salmon and trout and also in Wild fisheries, wild fish populations. It was first described in rainbow trout in Germany in 1893, but its range has spread and it has appeared in most of Europe (including Russia), the United States, South Africa, Canada and other countries due to the aid of humans of shipments of cultured and wild fish. In the 1980s, ''M. cerebralis'' was found to require a Tubificidae, tubificid oligochaete (a kind of segmented worm) to complete its life cycle. The parasite infects its hosts with its cells after piercing them with Polar filament, polar filaments ejected from nematocyst-like capsules. This infects the cartilage and possibly the nervous tissue of salmonids, causing a potentially lethal infection. Causing the host to develop a black tail, spinal deformities, and possible more deformitie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Whirling Disease
''Myxobolus cerebralis'' is a myxosporean parasite of salmonids (salmon and trout species) that causes whirling disease in farmed salmon and trout and also in wild fish populations. It was first described in rainbow trout in Germany in 1893, but its range has spread and it has appeared in most of Europe (including Russia), the United States, South Africa, Canada and other countries due to the aid of humans of shipments of cultured and wild fish. In the 1980s, ''M. cerebralis'' was found to require a tubificid oligochaete (a kind of segmented worm) to complete its life cycle. The parasite infects its hosts with its cells after piercing them with polar filaments ejected from nematocyst-like capsules. This infects the cartilage and possibly the nervous tissue of salmonids, causing a potentially lethal infection. Causing the host to develop a black tail, spinal deformities, and possible more deformities in the anterior part of the fish. Whirling disease affects juvenile fish (fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proliferative Kidney Disease
''Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae'' is a myxozoan parasite of salmonid fish. It is the only species currently recognized in the monotypic genus ''Tetracapsuloides''. It is the cause of proliferative kidney disease (PKD), one of the most serious parasitic diseases of salmonid populations in Europe and North America that can result in losses of up to 90% in infected populations. Taxonomy Until the late 1990s, the organism which caused PKD was enigmatic, thus called PKX organism. The causative agent of PKD was recognized as a form of Malacosporean, but the absence of mature spores in salmonid hosts, the lack of fish to fish transmission, and seasonality of the disease suggested that the life cycle of PKX was completed in another host and that infection of salmonids could be accidental. Korotneff observed a myxozoan in the bryozoan, ''Plumatella fungosa'', in 1892, which he described as ''Myxosporidium bryozoides.'' Myxozoan infection of bryozoans was not reported again until 1996. Ecol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myxosporea
Myxosporea is a class of microscopic parasites, belonging to the Myxozoa clade within Cnidaria. They have a complex life cycle which comprises vegetative forms in two hosts, an aquatic invertebrate (generally an annelid but sometimes a bryozoan) and an ectothermic vertebrate, usually a fish. Each host releases a different type of spore. The two forms of spore are so different that until relatively recently they were treated as belonging to different classes within the Myxozoa. Taxonomic status The taxonomy of both actinosporeans and myxosporeans was originally based on spore morphology. In 1994 the phylum Myxozoa was redefined to solve the taxonomic and nomenclatural problems arising from the two-host life cycle of myxozoans. The distinction between the two previously recognised classes Actinosporea and Myxosporea disappeared and the class ''Actinosporea'' was suppressed, becoming a synonym of the class ''Myxosporea'' (Bütschli, 1881). The generic names of actinosporeans wer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enteromyxum Leei
''Enteromyxum leei'' is a species of myxozoan, histozoic parasite that infects the intestinal tract and sometimes associated organs, like gall bladder and liver, of several teleostean fish species. Myxozoans are microscopic metazoans, with an obligate parasitic life-style. The parasite stages of this species live in the paracelullar space between fish enterocytes. It is the causative agent of enteromyxosis, or emaciative disease, also known as "razor blade syndrome" in sparid fish. ''E. leei'' has a wide host and geographical range within marine fish (at least 60 species from 22 different families, mainly Perciforms), and even freshwater fish have been infected experimentally. ''E. leei'' initially emerged in the Mediterranean in the late 1980s and it is believed to have been unintentionally introduced into the Red Sea.Diamant, A. (1997). Fish-to-fish transmission of a marine myxosporean. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 30, 99-105. Its pathogenicity and economic impact depend on the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cnidaria
Cnidaria () is a phylum under kingdom Animalia containing over 11,000 species of aquatic animals found both in Fresh water, freshwater and Marine habitats, marine environments, predominantly the latter. Their distinguishing feature is cnidocytes, specialized cells that they use mainly for capturing prey. Their bodies consist of mesoglea, a non-living jelly-like substance, sandwiched between two layers of epithelium that are mostly one cell (biology), cell thick. Cnidarians mostly have two basic body forms: swimming Medusa (biology), medusae and Sessility (motility), sessile polyp (zoology), polyps, both of which are Symmetry (biology)#Radial symmetry, radially symmetrical with mouths surrounded by tentacles that bear cnidocytes. Both forms have a single Body orifice, orifice and body cavity that are used for digestion and respiration (physiology), respiration. Many cnidarian species produce Colony (biology), colonies that are single organisms composed of medusa-like or polyp (z ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ectoproct
Bryozoa (also known as the Polyzoa, Ectoprocta or commonly as moss animals) are a phylum of simple, aquatic invertebrate animals, nearly all living in sedentary colonies. Typically about long, they have a special feeding structure called a lophophore, a "crown" of tentacles used for filter feeding. Most marine bryozoans live in tropical waters, but a few are found in oceanic trenches and polar waters. The bryozoans are classified as the marine bryozoans (Stenolaemata), freshwater bryozoans (Phylactolaemata), and mostly-marine bryozoans (Gymnolaemata), a few members of which prefer brackish water. 5,869living species are known. At least two genera are solitary (''Aethozooides'' and ''Monobryozoon''); the rest are colonial. The terms Polyzoa and Bryozoa were introduced in 1830 and 1831, respectively. Soon after it was named, another group of animals was discovered whose filtering mechanism looked similar, so it was included in Bryozoa until 1869, when the two groups were no ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bryozoa
Bryozoa (also known as the Polyzoa, Ectoprocta or commonly as moss animals) are a phylum of simple, aquatic invertebrate animals, nearly all living in sedentary colonies. Typically about long, they have a special feeding structure called a lophophore, a "crown" of tentacles used for filter feeding. Most marine bryozoans live in tropical waters, but a few are found in oceanic trenches and polar waters. The bryozoans are classified as the marine bryozoans (Stenolaemata), freshwater bryozoans (Phylactolaemata), and mostly-marine bryozoans (Gymnolaemata), a few members of which prefer brackish water. 5,869living species are known. At least two genera are solitary (''Aethozooides'' and '' Monobryozoon''); the rest are colonial. The terms Polyzoa and Bryozoa were introduced in 1830 and 1831, respectively. Soon after it was named, another group of animals was discovered whose filtering mechanism looked similar, so it was included in Bryozoa until 1869, when the two groups ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myxosporea
Myxosporea is a class of microscopic parasites, belonging to the Myxozoa clade within Cnidaria. They have a complex life cycle which comprises vegetative forms in two hosts, an aquatic invertebrate (generally an annelid but sometimes a bryozoan) and an ectothermic vertebrate, usually a fish. Each host releases a different type of spore. The two forms of spore are so different that until relatively recently they were treated as belonging to different classes within the Myxozoa. Taxonomic status The taxonomy of both actinosporeans and myxosporeans was originally based on spore morphology. In 1994 the phylum Myxozoa was redefined to solve the taxonomic and nomenclatural problems arising from the two-host life cycle of myxozoans. The distinction between the two previously recognised classes Actinosporea and Myxosporea disappeared and the class ''Actinosporea'' was suppressed, becoming a synonym of the class ''Myxosporea'' (Bütschli, 1881). The generic names of actinosporeans wer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proliferative Gill Disease
Proliferation may refer to: Weapons *Nuclear proliferation, the spread of nuclear weapons, material, and technology *Chemical weapon proliferation, the spread of chemical weapons, material, and technology *Small arms proliferation, the spread of small weapons *Counter-proliferation, efforts to stop weapon proliferation Computer science *License proliferation, a problem caused by incompatible software licenses *Data proliferation, the challenge of dealing with large amounts of data Medicine and biology * Cell proliferation, cell growth and division *Proliferation, a phase of wound healing *Atypical small acinar proliferation, a concept in urologic pathology * Intravenous atypical vascular proliferation, a skin condition * Massive periretinal proliferation, a disease of the eye Music * ''Proliferation'' (album), a 2008 album by Mike Reed's People, Places & Things Other uses *Conceptual proliferation, a concept in Buddhism *Product proliferation Product proliferation occurs when ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
