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Muniscins
The muniscin protein family was initially defined in 2009 as proteins having 2 homologous domains that are involved in clathrin mediated endocytosis (CME) and have been reviewed. In addition to FCHO1, FCHO2 and Syp1, SGIP1 is also included in the family because it contains the Adaptor complexes medium subunit domain, μ (mu) homology domain and is involved in CME, even though it does not contain the BAR domain#F-BAR (EFC) domain, F-BAR domain Muniscins are known as alternate cargo adaptors. That is, they participate in selecting which cargo molecules are internalized via CME. Additionally, the structure of the dimer, with its concave face oriented toward the plasma membrane, is thought to help curve the membrane as the clathrin coated pit forms. The muniscins are early arriving proteins involved in CME. FCHO proteins are required for CME, but do not appear to be required to ''initiate'' CME. The μ homology domain of muniscins has been reported to have evolved from part of an anc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
AP2 Adaptor Complex
The AP2 adaptor complex is a multimeric protein that works on the cell membrane to internalize cargo in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. It is a stable complex of four adaptins which give rise to a structure that has a core domain and two appendage domains attached to the core domain by polypeptide linkers. These appendage domains are sometimes called 'ears'. The core domain binds to the membrane and to cargo destined for internalisation. The alpha and beta appendage domains bind to accessory proteins and to clathrin. Their interactions allow the temporal and spatial regulation of the assembly of clathrin-coated vesicles and their endocytosis. The AP-2 complex is a heterotetramer consisting of two large adaptins (α and β), a medium adaptin (μ), and a small adaptin (σ): * complex 2 ** AP2A1 (α unit 1) ** AP2A2 (α unit 2) ** AP2B1 (β unit) ** AP2M1 (μ unit) ** AP2S1 (σ unit) Structure The AP2 adaptor complex exists in two primary conformations: the open conformation (a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PDB 1zww EBI
PDB or pdb may refer to: Organizations * Party of German-speaking Belgians (German: '), a former Belgian political party * Promised Day Brigade, a former Iraqi organization Science and technology * Protein Data Bank, a biological molecule database ** Protein Data Bank (file format) * Potato dextrose broth, a microbiological growth medium * Pee Dee Belemnite, a reference standard for isotopes; see ''δ''13C Computing * PDB (Palm OS), a record database format * Pluggable database, in Oracle Database * Program database, a debugging information format * Python Debugger (pdb), of the Python programming language; see Stepping Other uses * Chess Problem Database Server (PDB Server), a repository for chess problems * Pousette-Dart Band, an American band * President's Daily Brief, a US intelligence document See also * 1,4-Dichlorobenzene or ''para''-dichlorobenzene (PDCB), a chemical * Bangladesh Power Development Board The Bangladesh Power Development Board (BPDB) is a governmen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clathrin
Clathrin is a protein that plays a role in the formation of coated vesicles. Clathrin was first isolated by Barbara Pearse in 1976. It forms a triskelion shape composed of three clathrin heavy chains and three light chains. When the triskelia interact they form a polyhedral lattice that surrounds the vesicle. The protein's name refers to this lattice structure, deriving from Latin ''clathri'', meaning lattice. Barbara Pearse named the protein clathrin at the suggestion of Graeme Mitchison, selecting it from three possible options. Coat-proteins, like clathrin, are used to build small vesicles in order to transport molecules within cells. The endocytosis and exocytosis of vesicles allows cells to communicate, to transfer nutrients, to import signaling receptors, to mediate an immune response after sampling the extracellular world, and to clean up the cell debris left by tissue inflammation. The endocytic pathway can be hijacked by viruses and other pathogens in order to gai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Endocytosis
Endocytosis is a cellular process in which Chemical substance, substances are brought into the cell. The material to be internalized is surrounded by an area of cell membrane, which then buds off inside the cell to form a Vesicle (biology and chemistry), vesicle containing the ingested materials. Endocytosis includes pinocytosis (cell drinking) and phagocytosis (cell eating). It is a form of active transport. History The term was proposed by Christian de Duve, De Duve in 1963. Phagocytosis was discovered by Élie Metchnikoff in 1882. Pathways Endocytosis pathways can be subdivided into four categories: namely, receptor-mediated endocytosis (also known as clathrin-mediated endocytosis), caveolae, pinocytosis, and phagocytosis. * Clathrin-mediated endocytosis is mediated by the production of small (approx. 100 nm in diameter) vesicles that have a morphologically characteristic coat made up of the cytosolic protein clathrin. Clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs) are found in vir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
FCHO1
FCH domain only 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FCHO1 gene In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protei .... References Further reading * * * {{gene-19-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
FCHO2
FCH domain only protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''FCHO2'' gene In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protei .... References Further reading * * * * * * {{gene-5-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SGIP1
SH3-containing GRB2-like protein 3-interacting protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SGIP1'' gene In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protei .... References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * {{gene-1-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adaptor Complexes Medium Subunit Domain
In molecular biology, the adaptor complexes medium subunit domain is a protein domain found at the C-terminus of the mu subunit from various clathrin adaptor protein complexes (AP1, AP2, AP3, AP4 and AP5) and muniscins. The C-terminal domain has an immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich fold consisting of 9 strands in 2 sheets with a Greek key topology, similar to that found in cytochrome f and certain transcription factors. The mu subunit regulates the coupling of clathrin lattices with particular membrane proteins by self-phosphorylation via a mechanism that is still unclear. The mu subunit possesses a highly conserved N-terminal domain of around 230 amino acids, which may be the region of interaction with other AP proteins; a linker region of between 10 and 42 amino acids; and a less well-conserved C-terminal domain of around 190 amino acids, which may be the site of specific interaction with the protein being transported in the vesicle Vesicle may refer to: ; In cellular bi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BAR Domain
In molecular biology, BAR domains are highly conserved protein dimerisation domains that occur in many proteins involved in membrane dynamics in a cell. The BAR domain is banana-shaped and binds to membrane via its concave face. It is capable of sensing membrane curvature by binding preferentially to curved membranes. BAR domains are named after three proteins that they are found in: Bin, Amphiphysin and Rvs. BAR domains occur in combinations with other domains Many BAR family proteins contain alternative lipid specificity domains that help target these protein to particular membrane compartments. Some also have SH3 domains that bind to dynamin and thus proteins like amphiphysin and endophilin are implicated in the orchestration of vesicle scission. N-BAR domain Some BAR domain containing proteins have an N-terminal amphipathic helix preceding the BAR domain. This helix inserts (like in the epsin ENTH domain) into the membrane and induces curvature, which is stabilise ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vesicular Transport Adaptor Protein
Vesicular transport adaptor proteins are proteins involved in forming complexes that function in the trafficking of molecules from one subcellular location to another. These complexes concentrate the correct cargo molecules in vesicles that bud or extrude off of one organelle and travel to another location, where the cargo is delivered. While some of the details of how these adaptor proteins achieve their trafficking specificity has been worked out, there is still much to be learned. There are several human disorders associated with defects in components of these complexes including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. The proteins Most of the adaptor proteins are heterotetramers. In the AP complexes, there are two large proteins ( ~100 k D) and two smaller proteins. One of the large proteins is termed β (beta), with β1 in the AP-1 complex, β2 in the AP-2 complex, and so on. The other large protein has different designations in the different complexes. In AP-1 i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
