|
Mulgi Dialect
Mulgi (, South Estonian (including Mulgi): ''mulgi kiilʼ'') is a dialect of South Estonian spoken in Estonia. The 2021 Estonian census counted 13,960 speakers. Usage Mulgi is spoken only by the older generation, as children are taught in standard Estonian, and parents do not pass Mulgi down to their children. The (Mulgi Kultuuri Instituut) operated from 1934 to 1940, and also since 1989. It produces, publishes and distributes productions in Mulgi (tales, nursery rhymes, and songs). A Mulgi newspaper is printed irregularly. Two notable Mulgi writers are August Kitzberg (1855-1927) and Nikolai Baturin Nikolai Baturin (5 August 1936 – 16 May 2019) was an Estonian award-winning novelist and playwright. Biography and career Baturin was born in the village of Arumetsa in Suislepa Parish (now the village of Maltsa, Viljandi Parish), Viljandi C ... (1936-2019). References External links Mulgimaa Languages of Estonia South Estonian language {{Uralic-lang- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estonia
Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia, is a country in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, and to the east by Russia. The territory of Estonia consists of the mainland, the larger islands of Saaremaa and Hiiumaa, and over 2,300 other islands and islets on the east coast of the Baltic Sea. Its capital Tallinn and Tartu are the two largest List of cities and towns in Estonia, urban areas. The Estonian language is the official language and the first language of the Estonians, majority of its population of nearly 1.4 million. Estonia is one of the least populous members of the European Union and NATO. Present-day Estonia has been inhabited since at least 9,000 BC. The Ancient Estonia#Early Middle Ages, medieval indigenous population of Estonia was one of the last pagan civilisations in Europe to adopt Christianity following the Northern Crusades in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mulgimaa
Mulgimaa is a cultural-historical region in South Estonia. Today the region encompasses Viljandi County and northwestern Valga County. Historically, Mulgimaa was divided into five parishes (): Halliste, Helme, Karksi, Paistu, and Tarvastu. Traditionally, the South Estonian, Mulgi dialect was spoken in Mulgimaa. References External links * http://www.mulgikultuur.ee/ * https://mulgimaa.ee/ Regions of Estonia {{Estonia-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Finno-Ugric Languages
Finno-Ugric () is a traditional linguistic grouping of all languages in the Uralic language family except for the Samoyedic languages. Its once commonly accepted status as a subfamily of Uralic is based on criteria formulated in the 19th century and is criticized by contemporary linguists such as Tapani Salminen and Ante Aikio. The three most spoken Uralic languages, Hungarian, Finnish, and Estonian, are all included in Finno-Ugric. The term ''Finno-Ugric'', which originally referred to the entire family, is occasionally used as a synonym for the term ''Uralic'', which includes the Samoyedic languages, as commonly happens when a language family is expanded with further discoveries. Before the 20th century, the language family might be referred to as ''Finnish'', ''Ugric'', ''Finno-Hungarian'' or with a variety of other names. The name ''Finno-Ugric'' came into general use in the late 19th or early 20th century. Status The validity of Finno-Ugric as a phylogenic grouping is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Finnic Languages
The Finnic or Baltic Finnic languages constitute a branch of the Uralic language family spoken around the Baltic Sea by the Baltic Finnic peoples. There are around 7 million speakers, who live mainly in Finland and Estonia. Traditionally, eight Finnic languages have been recognized. The major modern representatives of the family are Finnish language, Finnish and Estonian language, Estonian, the official languages of their respective nation states. ''ö'' after front-harmonic vowels. The lack of ''õ'' in these languages as an innovation rather than a retention has been proposed, and recently resurrected. Germanic loanwords found throughout Northern Finnic but absent in Southern are also abundant, and even several Baltic examples of this are known. Northern Finnic in turn divides into two main groups. The most Eastern Finnic group consists of the East Finnish dialects as well as Ingrian, Karelian and Veps; the proto-language of these was likely spoken in the vicinity of Lake ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South Estonian
South Estonian, or Võro-Seto, is a Finnic language spoken in south-eastern Estonia, encompassing the Tartu, Mulgi, Võro and Seto dialects. Diachronically speaking, Estonian and South Estonian are in separate branches of the Finnic languages, with Estonian being more closely related to Finnish than it is to South Estonian. Note that reconstructed *č and *c stand for affricates , . Modern Standard Estonian has evolved on the basis of the dialects of Northern Estonian. However, from the 17th to the 19th centuries in Southern Estonia, literature was published in a standardized form of Southern Tartu and Northern Võro. That usage was called Tartu or literary South Estonian. The written standard was used in the schools, churches and courts of the Võro and Tartu linguistic area but not in the Seto and Mulgi areas. After Estonia gained independence in 1918, the standardized Estonian language policies were implemented further throughout the country. The government officials ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2021 Estonian Census
1 (one, unit, unity) is a number, numeral, and glyph. It is the first and smallest positive integer of the infinite sequence of natural numbers. This fundamental property has led to its unique uses in other fields, ranging from science to sports, where it commonly denotes the first, leading, or top thing in a group. 1 is the unit of counting or measurement, a determiner for singular nouns, and a gender-neutral pronoun. Historically, the representation of 1 evolved from ancient Sumerian and Babylonian symbols to the modern Arabic numeral. In mathematics, 1 is the multiplicative identity, meaning that any number multiplied by 1 equals the same number. 1 is by convention not considered a prime number. In digital technology, 1 represents the "on" state in binary code, the foundation of computing. Philosophically, 1 symbolizes the ultimate reality or source of existence in various traditions. In mathematics The number 1 is the first natural number after 0. Each natural numbe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
August Kitzberg
August Kitzberg ( in Laatre Parish, Governorate of Livonia, Russian Empire – 10 October 1927 in Tartu) was an Estonian writer. Life Until 1863, August Kitzberg was known as August Kits. He grew up in Niitsaadu farmstead in Penuja village, Abja Parish (1857–1871), where his brother, Jaak Kits, was a schoolteacher. He worked for a time in Viljandi and present-day Latvia before moving to Tartu in 1901, where he worked as a manager of the newspaper ''Postimees is an Estonian daily newspaper established on 5 June 1857, by Johann Voldemar Jannsen. In 1891, it became the first daily newspaper in Estonia. Its current editor-in-chief is Priit Hõbemägi. The paper has approximately 250 employees. ''P ...''. His early works consisted of comedies and humorous stories of village life. In Tartu, Kitzberg began working with Karl Menning at the Vanemuine Theatre, and his plays developed a component of social criticism. There is a monument and museum dedicated to Kitzberg in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nikolai Baturin
Nikolai Baturin (5 August 1936 – 16 May 2019) was an Estonian award-winning novelist and playwright. Biography and career Baturin was born in the village of Arumetsa in Suislepa Parish (now the village of Maltsa, Viljandi Parish), Viljandi County. His father was a fisherman. After attending high school, military service took him for five years to the Caspian oil-fields and the Atlantic Ocean; for fifteen years he was a hunter in the Siberia Siberia ( ; , ) is an extensive geographical region comprising all of North Asia, from the Ural Mountains in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east. It has formed a part of the sovereign territory of Russia and its predecessor states ...n taiga. For six years he participated in various geological expeditions. Baturin debuted with a collection of poetry, ''Maa-alused järved'' (Underground Lakes, 1968), in the last wave of the "cassette" generation in the 1960s. In addition to fiction, he has written plays, poetry, screenp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Languages Of Estonia
The official language of Estonia is Estonian language, Estonian, a Uralic languages, Uralic language of the Finnic languages, Finnic branch, which is related to Finnish language, Finnish. It is unrelated to the bordering Russian language, Russian and Latvian language, Latvian languages, both of which are Indo-European languages, Indo-European (more specifically East Slavic languages, East Slavic and Baltic languages, Baltic, respectively). Minority languages Võro Võro language, Võro is a language from the Finnic languages, Finnic branch of the Uralic languages. It used to be considered a dialect of the South Estonian, South Estonian dialect group of the Estonian language, but nowadays it has its own literary standard and is in search of official recognition as an indigenous regional language of Estonia. Seto dialect Seto dialect, Seto is a language from the Finnic languages, Finnic branch of the Uralic languages. It is sometimes identified as a dialect of either South Es ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
