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Maxima (music)
A maxima, duplex longa, larga (in British usage: large), or octuple whole note was a musical note used commonly in thirteenth and fourteenth century music and occasionally until the end of the sixteenth century. It was usually twice or, rarely, three times as long as a longa, usually four or six or nine times as long as a breve, usually 8, 12, or 18, or, rarely, 27 times as long as a semibreve (whole note), and usually 16, 24, 36, or 54 or, rarely, 81 times as long as a minim (half note). Like the stem of the longa, the stem of the maxima generally pointed downwards except occasionally when it appeared on the bottom line or space. Before around 1430, the maxima was written with a solid, black body. Over the course of the fifteenth century, like most other note values, the head of the maxima became void. In most early sources the duplex longa had twice the body of a longa, but before 1250 there is often no clear difference of shape and the presence of the duplex longa is i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mensural Notation
Mensural notation is the musical notation system used for polyphony, polyphonic European vocal music from the late 13th century until the early 17th century. The term "mensural" refers to the ability of this system to describe precisely measured rhythmic durations in terms of numerical proportions amongst note values. Its modern name is derived from the terminology of medieval theorists, who used terms like ''musica mensurata'' ("measured music") or ''cantus mensurabilis'' ("measurable song") to refer to the rhythmically defined polyphonic music of their age, as opposed to ''musica plana'' or ''musica choralis'', i.e., Gregorian plainchant. Mensural notation was employed principally for compositions in the tradition of vocal polyphony, whereas plainchant retained its own, older system of neumes, neume notation throughout the period. Besides these, some solely instrumental music could be written in various forms of instrument-specific tablature notation. Mensural notation grew o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Note Values
In music notation, a note value indicates the relative duration (music), duration of a note (music), note, using the texture or shape of the ''notehead'', the presence or absence of a ''stem (music), stem'', and the presence or absence of ''flags/beam (music), beams/hooks/tails''. Unmodified note values are fractional powers of two, for example one, one-half, one fourth, etc. A rest (music), rest indicates a silence of an equivalent duration. List Shorter notes can be created theoretically ''ad infinitum'' by adding further flags, but are very rare. Variations The breve appears in several different versions. Sometimes the longa or breve is used to indicate a very long note of indefinite duration, as at the end of a piece (e.g. at the end of Mozart's Mass KV 192). A single eighth note, or any faster note, is always stemmed with flags, while two or more are usually beamed in groups.Gerou, Tom (1996). ''Essential Dictionary of Music Notation'', p.211. Alfred. When a stem is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Latin Words And Phrases
Latin ( or ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally spoken by the Latins in Latium (now known as Lazio), the lower Tiber area around Rome, Italy. Through the expansion of the Roman Republic, it became the dominant language in the Italian Peninsula and subsequently throughout the Roman Empire. It has greatly influenced many languages, including English, having contributed many words to the English lexicon, particularly after the Christianization of the Anglo-Saxons and the Norman Conquest. Latin roots appear frequently in the technical vocabulary used by fields such as theology, the sciences, medicine, and law. By the late Roman Republic, Old Latin had evolved into standardized Classical Latin. Vulgar Latin refers to the less prestigious colloquial registers, attested in inscriptions and some literary works such as those of the comic playwrights Plautus and Terence and the author Petronius. While ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Tyrrell (musicologist)
John Tyrrell (17 August 1942 – 4 October 2018) was a British musicologist. He published several books on Leoš Janáček, including an authoritative and largely definitive two-volume biography. Tyrrell was born in Salisbury, Zimbabwe and worked as a professor of music and executive editor of ''The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians''. He died in 2018, aged 76. Early life and education Tyrrell was born in Salisbury, Southern Rhodesia (now Harare, Zimbabwe), he studied at the universities of Cape Town, Oxford and Brno. He graduated Bachelor of Music at the University of Cape Town following which he moved to the University of Oxford to pursue a doctoral degree under the supervision of Edmund Rubbra. Career Tyrrell started his career working in an editorial capacity at '' The Musical Times''. He was a Lecturer in Music at the University of Nottingham (1976), becoming Reader in Opera Studies (1987) and Professor (1996). From 1996 to 2000 he was Executive Editor o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stanley Sadie
Stanley John Sadie (; 30 October 1930 – 21 March 2005) was a British musicologist, music critic, and editor. He was editor of the sixth edition of the '' Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians'' (1980), which was published as the first edition of ''The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians''. Along with Thurston Dart, Nigel Fortune and Oliver Neighbour he was one of Britain's leading musicologists of the post-World War II generation. Career Born in Wembley, Sadie was educated at St Paul's School, London, and studied music privately for three years with Bernard Stevens. At Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge he read music under Thurston Dart. Sadie earned Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Music degrees in 1953, a Master of Arts degree in 1957, and a PhD in 1958. His doctoral dissertation was on mid-eighteenth-century British chamber music. After Cambridge, he taught at Trinity College of Music, London (1957–1965). Sadie then turned to music journalism, beco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
American Institute Of Musicology
The American Institute of Musicology (AIM) is a musicological organization that researches, promotes and produces publications on early music. Founded in 1944 by Armen Carapetyan, the AIM's chief objective is the publication of modern editions of medieval, Renaissance and early Baroque compositions and works of music theory. The breadth and quality of publications produced by the AIM constitutes a central contribution to the study, practice and performance of early music. Among the series it produces are the '' Corpus mensurabilis musicae'' (CMM), ''Corpus Scriptorum de Musica'' (CSM) and ''Corpus of Early Keyboard Music'' (CEKM). In CMM specifically, the AIM has published the entire surviving ''oeuvres'' of a considerable amount of composers, most notably the complete works of Guillaume de Machaut and Guillaume Du Fay, among many others. The CSM, which focuses on music theory, has published the treatises of important theorists such as Guido of Arezzo and Jean Philippe Rame ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Musical Symbols
Musical symbols are marks and symbols in musical notation that indicate various aspects of how a piece of music is to be performed. There are symbols to communicate information about many musical elements, including Pitch (music), pitch, Duration (music), duration, Dynamics (music), dynamics, or articulation (music), articulation of musical notes; tempo, metre (music), metre, Musical form, form (e.g., whether sections are repeated), and details about specific playing techniques (e.g., which fingers, keys, or pedals are to be used, whether a string instrument should be bowed or plucked, or whether the bow of a string instrument should move up or down). Lines Clefs A clef assigns one particular pitch to one particular line of the staff on which it is placed. This also effectively defines the pitch range or tessitura of the music on that staff. A clef is usually the leftmost symbol on a staff, although a different clef may appear elsewhere to indicate a change in register. Histo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Half Note
In music, a half note (American) or minim (British) is a Musical note, note played for half the duration of a whole note (or semibreve) and twice the duration of a quarter note (or crotchet). It was given its Latin name (''minima'', meaning "least or smallest") because it was the shortest of the five note values used in mensural notation, early medieval music notation. Half notes are notated with a hollow oval notehead like a whole note and straight note stem with no flag (music), flags like a quarter note (see Figure 1). The half rest (or minim rest) denotes a silence of the same duration. Half rest (music), rests are drawn as filled-in rectangles sitting on top of the middle line of the musical staff, although in polyphonic music the rest may need to be moved to a different line or even a ledger line. As with all notes with stems, half notes are drawn with upward stems on the right when they are below the middle line of the staff and downward stems on the left when they are on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maxima Rest
Maxima may refer to: People * Maxima of Rome, early Christian saint and martyr * Maxima of Lisbon, early Christian saint and martyr * Queen Máxima of the Netherlands (born 1971) * Máxima Acuña, Peruvian activist * Maximilla, also known as Maxima, early Montanist figure Science and mathematics * Maxima and minima, the highest and lowest values of a function in calculus * Maxima (software), a free open-source computer algebra system * Millimeter Anisotropy eXperiment IMaging Array, a cosmic microwave background experiment Vehicles * Voith Maxima, a locomotive family built by Voith Turbo * Nissan Maxima, an automobile manufactured by Nissan Other uses * Maxima (music), a musical note value in mensural notation * ''Máxima'' (magazine), a Portuguese magazine * ''Maxima'', an Austrian magazine owned by BIPA, a health and beauty chain owned by REWE Group * Maxima (DC Comics), a character in the DC comics universe * Maxima (''The King of Fighters''), a character in ''T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Semibreve
A whole note (American) or semibreve (British) in musical notation is a single note equivalent to or lasting as long as two half notes or four quarter notes. Description The whole note or semibreve has a note head in the shape of a hollow oval—like a half note (or ''minim'')—but with no note stem (see Figure 1). Since it is equal to four quarter notes, it occupies the entire length of a measure in time. Other notes are multiples or fractions of the whole note. For example, a double whole note (or ''breve'') lasts twice the duration of the whole note, a half note lasts one half the duration, and a quarter note (or ''crotchet'') lasts one quarter the duration. A related symbol is the whole rest (or semibreve rest), which signifies a rest for the duration of a whole note. Whole rests are drawn as filled-in rectangles generally hanging under the second line from the top of a musical staff, though they may occasionally be put under a different line (or ledger line) in mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Double Whole Note
In music, a double whole note (American), breve (British) or double note lasts two times as long as a whole note (or ''semibreve''). It is the second-longest note value still in use in modern music notation. The next longest notated note is the ''longa'', which is double the length of the breve. The longest notated note (though now obsolete) is the '' maxima''. History In medieval mensural notation, the ''brevis'' was one of the shortest note lengths in use, hence its name, which is the Latin etymon of " brief". In "perfect" rhythmic mode, the brevis was a third of a longa, or in "imperfect" mode, half a longa. Form In modern notation, a breve is commonly represented in either of two ways: by a hollow oval note head, like a whole note, with one or two vertical lines on either side, as on the left and right of the image, or as the rectangular shape also found in older notation, shown in the middle of the image. Because it lasts longer than a bar in most modern time signat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
