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Mastigoteuthid
The Mastigoteuthidae, also known as whip-lash squid, are a family of small deep-sea squid. Approximately 20 known species in six genera are represented, with members found in both the mesopelagic and bathypelagic zone of most oceans. Originally described by Verill in 1881, it was later lowered by Chun (1920) to a subfamily (Mastigoteuthinae) of the Chiroteuthidae. However, Roper et al. (1969) raised it back to the family level, and this has not been changed since. The taxonomy of this family is extremely unstable, and there have been at times one genus, two genera and four subgenera(Salcedo-Vargas & Okutani, 1994), two genera and several 'groups' (Salcedo-Vargas, 1997), five genera and one species with an uncertain placement, or six genera. Description Mastigoteuthids range in size from quite small species in the genus ''Mastigoteuthis'', to relatively gigantic sizes in the genus '' Idioteuthis''. However most are rather small, from 3–15 centimetres total mantle length. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cephalopod Arm
All cephalopods possess flexible limbs extending from their heads and surrounding their beaks. These appendages, which function as muscular hydrostats, have been variously termed arms, legs or tentacles. Description In the scientific literature, a cephalopod ''arm'' is often treated as distinct from a ''tentacle'', though the terms are sometimes used interchangeably, often with the latter acting as an umbrella term for cephalopod limbs. Generally, arms have suckers along most of their length, as opposed to tentacles, which have suckers only near their ends.Young, R.E., M. Vecchione & K.M. Mangold 1999Cephalopoda Glossary Tree of Life web project. Barring a few exceptions, octopuses have eight arms and no tentacles, while squid and cuttlefish have eight arms (or two "legs" and six "arms") and two tentacles.Norman, M. 2000. ''Cephalopods: A World Guide''. ConchBooks, Hackenheim. p. 15. "There is some confusion around the terms ''arms'' versus ''tentacles''. The numerous l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Squid
A squid (: squid) is a mollusc with an elongated soft body, large eyes, eight cephalopod limb, arms, and two tentacles in the orders Myopsida, Oegopsida, and Bathyteuthida (though many other molluscs within the broader Neocoleoidea are also called ''squid'' despite not strictly fitting these criteria). Like all other cephalopods, squid have a distinct head, Symmetry (biology)#Bilateral symmetry, bilateral symmetry, and a mantle (mollusc), mantle. They are mainly soft-bodied, like octopuses, but have a small internal skeleton in the form of a rod-like gladius (cephalopod), gladius or pen, made of chitin. Squid diverged from other cephalopods during the Jurassic and occupy a similar Ecological niche, role to teleost fish as open-water predators of similar size and behaviour. They play an important role in the open-water food web. The two long tentacles are used to grab prey and the eight arms to hold and control it. The beak then cuts the food into suitable size chunks for swal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Idioteuthis
''Idioteuthis'' is a genus of whip-lash squid containing at least one species. Some teuthologists consider it synonymous with ''Mastigoteuthis'', but genetics have confirmed the placement of this genus as distinct from all other genera in this family. The placement of ''Idioteuthis'' within the Mastigoteuthidae remains uncertain. Species *Genus ''Idioteuthis'' **'' Idioteuthis cordiformis'' ( Chun, 1908) **'' Idioteuthis latipinna'' * Sasaki, 1916 The taxon listed above with an asterisk (*) is a ''taxon inquirendum In biological classification, a ''species inquirenda'' is a species of doubtful identity requiring further investigation. The use of the term in English-language biological literature dates back to at least the early nineteenth century. The ter ...'' and needs further study to determine if it is a valid taxon or a synonym. References *Salcedo-Vargas, M.A. 1997. Cephalopods from the Netherlands Indian Ocean Programme (NIOP) - II. Mastigoteuthid lineage and relate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chiroteuthidae
The Chiroteuthidae are a family of deep-sea squid, generally small to medium in size, rather soft and gelatinous, and slow moving. They are found in most temperate and tropical oceans, but are known primarily from the North Atlantic, North Pacific, and Indo-Pacific. The family is represented by approximately 12 species and four subspecies in four genera, two of which are monotypic. They are sometimes known collectively as whip-lash squid, but this common name is also applied to the Mastigoteuthidae, which are sometimes treated as a subfamily (Mastigoteuthinae) of Chiroteuthidae. The monotypic genus '' Grimalditeuthis'' was once (and may still be) given its own family, Grimalditeuthidae. Generally speaking, chiroteuthids are not well represented by described specimens, because they are so often damaged during capture. Description The Chiroteuthidae are most notable for their unique paralarval stage, known as the doratopsis stage. Although morphology varies greatly within the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mastigoteuthis
''Mastigoteuthis'' is a genus of whip-lash squid containing at least seven valid species. Some teuthologists consider ''Idioteuthis'' synonymous with this taxon. The genus contains bioluminescent species. Species *Genus ''Mastigoteuthis'' **''Mastigoteuthis agassizii'' Verrill, 1881 **''Mastigoteuthis dentata'' William Evans Hoyle, Hoyle, 1904 **''Mastigoteuthis flammea'' Carl Chun, Chun, 1908 **''Mastigoteuthis glaukopis'' Chun, 1908 **''Mastigoteuthis grimaldii'' (Louis Joubin, Joubin, 1895) **''Mastigoteuthis psychrophila'' Nesis, 1977 **''Mastigoteuthis schmidti'' Degner, 1925 **''Mastigoteuthis hastula'' * (S. Stillman Berry, Berry, 1920) **''Mastigoteuthis inermis'' * Rancurel, 1972 **''Mastigoteuthis iselini'' * MacDonald & Clench, 1934 **''Mastigoteuthis okutanii'' * Salcedo-Vargas, 1997 **''Mastigoteuthis tyroi'' * Salcedo-Vargas, 1997 ''Magnapinna talismani'' was previously placed in this genus, but is now considered a species of bigfin squid. The taxa listed above w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Magnoteuthis
''Magnoteuthis'' is a genus of whip-lash squid containing at least three species. Some teuthologists consider ''Idioteuthis'' or ''Mastigoteuthis'' synonymous with this taxon, but it is genetically and morphologically distinct. Species *Genus ''Magnoteuthis'' **''Magnoteuthis magna'' (Joubin, 1913) **''Magnoteuthis microlucens Magnoteuthis microlucens is a species of squid; the most common species of ''Mastigoteuthis'' around the main Hawaiian Islands. A specimen was caught in a filter placed in one of the deep-sea pipelines of the Natural Energy Laboratory of Hawa ...'' (Young, Lindgren & Vecchione, 2008) **'' Magnoteuthis osheai'' Braid & Bolstad, 2015 References External links Whip-lash squid Cephalopod genera {{squid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mastigoteuthis Flammea
''Mastigoteuthis flammea'' (Flaming whiplash squid) is a species of whip-lash squid. Image:Mastigoteuthis flammea2.jpg, Ventral views of funnel locking apparatuses (left: 27 mm ML, right: 35 mm ML) Image:Mastigoteuthis flammea3.jpg, Dorsal view of nuchal cartilage References * Chun, C. 1910. Die Cephalopoden. Oegopsida. ''Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee Expedition auf dem Dampfer "Valdivia" 1898-1899'' 18(1): 1–401. External links Tree of Life web project: ''Mastigoteuthis flammea'' Mastigoteuthis Cephalopods described in 1908 Taxa named by Carl Chun {{squid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mantle (mollusc)
The mantle (also known by the Latin language, Latin word pallium meaning mantle, robe or cloak, adjective pallial) is a significant part of the anatomy of molluscs: it is the dorsum (biology), dorsal body wall which covers the visceral mass and usually protrudes in the form of flaps well beyond the visceral mass itself. In many species of molluscs the Epidermis (skin), epidermis of the mantle secretes calcium carbonate and conchiolin, and creates a mollusc shell, shell. In sea slugs there is a progressive loss of the shell and the mantle becomes the dorsal surface of the animal. The words mantle and pallium both originally meant ‘cloak’ or ‘cape’; see mantle (vesture). This anatomical structure in molluscs often resembles a cloak because in many groups the edges of the mantle, usually referred to as the ''mantle margin'', extend far beyond the main part of the body, forming flaps, double-layered structures which have been adapted for many different uses, including for e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tentacle
In zoology, a tentacle is a flexible, mobile, and elongated organ present in some species of animals, most of them invertebrates. In animal anatomy, tentacles usually occur in one or more pairs. Anatomically, the tentacles of animals work mainly like muscular hydrostats. Most forms of tentacles are used for grasping and feeding. Many are sensory organs, variously receptive to touch, vision, or to the smell or taste of particular foods or threats. Examples of such tentacles are the eyestalks of various kinds of snails. Some kinds of tentacles have both sensory and manipulatory functions. A tentacle is similar to a cirrus, but a cirrus is an organ that usually lacks the tentacle's strength, size, flexibility, or sensitivity. A nautilus has cirri, but a squid has tentacles. Invertebrates Molluscs Many molluscs have tentacles of one form or another. The most familiar are those of the pulmonate land snails, which usually have two sets of tentacles on the head: when ext ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ventouse Calmar
Vacuum extraction (VE), also known as ventouse, is a method to assist delivery of a baby using a vacuum device. It is used in the second stage of labor if it has not progressed adequately. It may be an alternative to a forceps delivery and caesarean section. It cannot be used when the baby is in the breech position or for premature births. The use of VE is generally safe, but it can occasionally have negative effects on either the mother or the child. The term ''ventouse'' comes from the French word for "suction cup". Medical uses There are several indications to use a vacuum extraction to aid delivery: * Maternal exhaustion * Prolonged second stage of labor * Foetal distress in the second stage of labor, generally indicated by changes in the foetal heart-rate (usually measured on a CTG) * Maternal illness where prolonged "bearing down" or pushing efforts would be risky (e.g. cardiac conditions, blood pressure, aneurysm, glaucoma). If these conditions are known about befor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bioluminescence
Bioluminescence is the emission of light during a chemiluminescence reaction by living organisms. Bioluminescence occurs in multifarious organisms ranging from marine vertebrates and invertebrates, as well as in some Fungus, fungi, microorganisms including some bioluminescent bacteria, Dinoflagellate, dinoflagellates and terrestrial arthropods such as Firefly, fireflies. In some animals, the light is bacteriogenic, produced by symbiosis, symbiotic bacteria such as those from the genus ''Vibrio''; in others, it is autogenic, produced by the animals themselves. In most cases, the principal chemical reaction in bioluminescence involves the reaction of a substrate called luciferin and an enzyme, called luciferase. Because these are generic names, luciferins and luciferases are often distinguished by the species or group, e.g. firefly luciferin or Vargulin, cypridina luciferin. In all characterized cases, the enzyme Catalysis, catalyzes the Redox, oxidation of the luciferin resultin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Photophore
A photophore is a specialized anatomical structure found in a variety of organisms that emits light through the process of boluminescence. This light may be produced endogenously by the organism itself (symbiotic) or generated through a mutualistic relationship with bioluminescent bacteria (non-symbiotic), resulting in light production on a glandular organ of animals. Light organs are most commonly found in marine animals, including many species of fish and cephalopods. The organ can be simple, or as complex as the human eye, equipped with lenses, shutters, color filters, and reflectors; unlike an eye, however, it is optimized to produce light, not absorb it. In the context of developmental biology, light organs form through precise genetic regulation and, in some cases, microbial colonization during specific stages of an organism's life cycle. They play a crucial evolutionary role in enabling species to adapt to low-light or dark environments, particularly in the deep sea. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
