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Mark Sense
Electrographic is a term used for punched-card and page-scanning technology that allowed cards or pages marked with a pencil to be processed or converted into punched cards. The primary developer of electrographic systems was IBM, who used mark sense as a trade name for both the forms and processing system. The term has since come to be used generically for any technology allowing marks made using ordinary writing implements to be processed, encompassing both optical mark recognition and electrographic technology. The term "mark sense" is not generally used when referring to technology that distinguishes the shape of the mark; the general term optical character recognition is generally used when mark shapes are distinguished. Because the term mark-sense was originally a trade name, the Federal Government generally used the term electrographic. In the 1940s, 50s, and 60s, mark sense technology was widely used for applications like processing meter readings recordings on turnaro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Claire Schultz IBM Punch Card 98
Clair or Claire may refer to: People and fictional characters * Claire (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters with the given name Clair or Claire * Clair (surname), a list of people with the surname Clair or Claire Places * Clair, New Brunswick, Canada, a former village, now part of Haut-Madawaska * Clair Parish, New Brunswick, Canada * Clair, Saskatchewan, Canada * Clair oilfield in the Atlantic Ocean, 75 km west of Shetland Arts and entertainment * Claire (band), an electronic-pop band using English lyrics from Munich, Germany * ''Claire'' (album), a 2002 album by Claire Sweeney * "Clair" (song), a 1972 hit for Gilbert O'Sullivan * ''Claire'' (1924 film), a German silent film * ''Claire'' (2001 film), a fantasy film * ''Claire'' (2007 film), written by Drew Seeley * "Claire", an episode of American radio and television anthology series ''Screen Directors Playhouse'' * "Claire", an episode of ''The Good Doctor'' * '' Clair Obscur: Exped ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IBM 805 Test Scoring Machine
The IBM 805 Test Scoring Machine was an educational machine sold by IBM beginning in 1937. The device scored answer sheets marked with special " mark sense" pencils. The machine was developed from a prototype developed by Reynold Johnson, a school teacher who later became an IBM engineer. That machine and its descendants have been in use ever since. See also * Benjamin D. Wood References *"Bulletin of Information on the International Test Scoring Machine." (New York: Cooperative Test Service, 1936)IBM Archivesweb page on th 805 IBM educational computers {{compu-hardware-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Douglas W
Douglas may refer to: People * Douglas (given name) * Douglas (surname) Animals * Douglas (parrot), macaw that starred as the parrot ''Rosalinda'' in Pippi Longstocking * Douglas the camel, a camel in the Confederate Army in the American Civil War Businesses * Douglas Aircraft Company * Douglas (cosmetics), German cosmetics retail chain in Europe * Douglas Holding, former German company * Douglas (motorcycles), British motorcycle manufacturer Peerage and Baronetage * Duke of Douglas * Earl of Douglas, or any holder of the title * Marquess of Douglas, or any holder of the title * Douglas baronets Peoples * Clan Douglas, a Scottish kindred * Dougla people, West Indians of both African and East Indian heritage Places Australia * Douglas, Queensland, a suburb of Townsville * Douglas, Queensland (Toowoomba Region), a locality * Port Douglas, North Queensland, Australia * Shire of Douglas, in northern Queensland Canada * Douglas, New Brunswick * Douglas Parish, New ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IBM 519
The IBM 519 Document-Originating Machine, introduced in 1946, was the last in a series of unit record machines designed for automated preparation of punched cards. Others in the series included the IBM 513 & IBM 514 Reproducing Punch. The 519, which was "state of the art for the time", could: * reproduce all or parts of the information on a set of cards * " gangpunch" - copy information from a master card into the following detail cards * print up to eight digits on the end of a card * compare two decks of cards * "summary punch" — create punch cards containing summary information provided by a connected accounting machine, such as totals from a group of processed cards * "mark sense" — detect marks made with an electrographic pencil in designated locations on a punched card and then punch holes corresponding to those marks into the card * number cards consecutively (an optional feature) The reproducing, gangpunching, summary punching, and comparing features of the IBM 519 ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IBM 557
The IBM 557 Alphabetic Interpreter allowed holes in punched cards to be interpreted and the punched card characters printed on any row or column, selected by a control panel. Introduced in 1954, the machine was a synchronous system where brushes would glide over a hole in a punched card and contact a brass roller thereby setting up part of a character code. Features *Proof – where the 557 verified, again through electrical mechanical means, that the information printed was correct *Multiple Stacker – the printed card could be placed in a selected output stacker *Selective Line Print – the standard 557 could only print on the top two horizontal lines (between the 12 and 11 rows and between the 11 and 0 rows) – selective line print feature allowed printing on one of 26 lines *40 or 60 column card read – Standard punched card was 80 columns, but there were exceptions *Master/detail printing – text on a master card could be printed on following detail cards Maintenanc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IBM 514
The IBM 519 Document-Originating Machine, introduced in 1946, was the last in a series of unit record machines designed for automated preparation of punched cards. Others in the series included the IBM 513 & IBM 514 Reproducing Punch. The 519, which was "state of the art for the time", could: * reproduce all or parts of the information on a set of cards * " gangpunch" - copy information from a master card into the following detail cards * print up to eight digits on the end of a card * compare two decks of cards * "summary punch" — create punch cards containing summary information provided by a connected accounting machine, such as totals from a group of processed cards * "mark sense" — detect marks made with an electrographic pencil in designated locations on a punched card and then punch holes corresponding to those marks into the card * number cards consecutively (an optional feature) The reproducing, gangpunching, summary punching, and comparing features of the IBM 519 ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Educational Testing Service
Educational Testing Service (ETS), founded in 1947, is the world's largest private educational testing and assessment organization. It is headquartered in Lawrence Township, Mercer County, New Jersey, Lawrence Township, New Jersey, but has a Princeton, New Jersey, Princeton address. ETS develops various standardized tests primarily in the United States for K–12 education, K–12 and higher education, and it also administers international tests including the TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language), TOEIC (Test of English for International Communication), Graduate Record Examination (GRE) General and Subject Tests, and The Praxis test Series—in more than 180 countries, and at over 9,000 locations worldwide. Many of the assessments it develops are associated with entry to US tertiary education, tertiary (undergraduate) and quaternary education (graduate) institutions, but it also develops K–12 statewide assessments used for accountability testing in many states, inclu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reynold B
Reynold is an English masculine given name that comes from an Old High German personal name made up of the element "ragin" (''advice, decision'') and "wald" (''power, authority, brightness''). It is a cognate of ''Rögnvaldr'', which is also a source of the name Ronald. The Normans brought the name to England. Related names include: "Reginald" (English), "Reginaldo" (Italian Italian(s) may refer to: * Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries ** Italians, a Romance ethnic group related to or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Kingdom ** Italian language, a Romance languag ...), "Rinaldo" (Italian), "Reinaldo" ( Portuguese, Spanish), "Reinhold" ( German), "Reino" ( Finnish), "Reynol" (German, Spanish), " Reinout" ( Dutch), "Renaud" ( French), "Reynaldo" (Spanish), and "Reynaud" (French). Reynold is a much less common surname than its derivative Reynolds; people with the surname "Reynold" include: Surname * Hannah Reynold, Swedish ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pencil
A pencil () is a writing or drawing implement with a solid pigment core in a protective casing that reduces the risk of core breakage and keeps it from marking the user's hand. Pencils create marks by physical abrasion, leaving a trail of solid core material that adheres to a sheet of paper or other surface. They are distinct from pens, which dispense liquid or gel ink onto the marked surface. Most pencil cores are made of graphite powder mixed with a clay binder. Graphite pencils (traditionally known as "lead pencils") produce grey or black marks that are easily erased, but otherwise resistant to moisture, most solvents, ultraviolet radiation and natural aging. Other types of pencil cores, such as those of charcoal, are mainly used for drawing and sketching. Coloured pencils are sometimes used by teachers or editors to correct submitted texts, but are typically regarded as art supplies, especially those with cores made from wax-based binders that tend to smear whe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Western Electric
Western Electric Co., Inc. was an American electrical engineering and manufacturing company that operated from 1869 to 1996. A subsidiary of the AT&T Corporation for most of its lifespan, Western Electric was the primary manufacturer, supplier, and purchasing agent for all telephone equipment for the Bell System from 1881 until 1984, when Breakup of the Bell System, the Bell System was dismantled. Because the Bell System had a near-total monopoly over telephone service in the United States for much of the 20th century, Western Electric's equipment was widespread across the country. The company was responsible for many technological innovations, as well as developments in industrial management. History 19th century In 1856, George Shawk, a craftsman and telegraph maker, purchased an electrical engineering business in Cleveland, Ohio. In January 1869, Shawk had partnered with Enos M. Barton in the former Western Union repair shop of Cleveland, to manufacture burglar alarms, fire ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Autopoint Company
The Autopoint Company was a manufacturer of pencils and desk top accessories in Chicago for about 50 years from the 1920s to around 1970. History Autopoint was founded by Frank C. Deli, Michael M. Kaufmann, and John P. Lynn around 1920. They used the name "Realite Pencil Company." They worked with Lawrence V. Redman of the Redmanol Company to develop techniques for molding plastic bodies for pencils. They took out several patents on plastic molds. The company continued to do business with Redmanol, and later with Bakelite Corporation after Redmanol had been merged into it. In the early 1920s, they made a business alliance with Charles Keeran, who had been the founder of the Eversharp Pencil Company. Keeran had previously registered the trademark " Autopoint." Eventually, the company took the name Autopoint. The company continued to use the brand name "Realite" for its line of less expensive pencils until World War II. Around 1925, the Bakelite Corporation gai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
