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Marimastat
Marimastat was a proposed antineoplastic drug developed by British Biotech. It acted as a broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor. Marimastat performed poorly in clinical trials, and development was terminated. This may be, however, a result of targeting cancer at too late of a stage. This is supported by the fact that MMP inhibitors have more recently been shown in animal models to be more effective in earlier stages of cancers. (Effects of angiogenesis inhibitors on multistage carcinogenesis in mice. Science 284, 808-812. Bergers, G., Javaherian, K., Lo, K.-M., Folkman, J., and Hanahan, D. (1999)). See also * Batimastat References Experimental cancer drugs Hydroxamic acids Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors Isobutyl compounds Tert-butyl compounds {{antineoplastic-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
British Biotech
British Biotech was a British-based biotechnology company founded as British Biotechnology Limited in 1986 by former G. D. Searle & Company, G D Searle managers Keith McCullagh and Brian Richards. It was the first British biotech company to be publicly listed when it was floated on 1 July 1992. Controversy In 1996, despite having no compounds on or near the market, the company was temporarily valued at nearly $2.5 billion, largely on the basis of its two main development drugs: ''marimastat'' (a novel Matrix metalloproteinase#Inhibitors, matrix metalloprotease inhibitor for cancer treatment) and lexipafant (''Zacutex'', for pancreatitis). ''Batimastat'' (codename BB94) progressed as far as stage 3 in its clinical trial, although not orally bioavailable, there are other methods of administration, including transdermal. In February 1998, Dr Andrew Millar was dismissed as Head of Clinical Research and went on to make allegations that "the Board were running a business plan co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Batimastat
Batimastat (mnemonic: ''batty''-mustard) (INN/USAN, codenamed BB-94) is a drug that was invented by Laurie Hines of British Biotech (now Vernalis). It is an antimetastatic drug that belongs to the family of drugs called angiogenesis inhibitors. It acts as a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor (MMPI) by mimicking natural MMPI peptides. Dan Lednicer wrote about this compound in book #6 of his organic drug synthesis series. Batimastat was the first MMPI that went into clinical trials. First results of a Phase I trial appeared in 1994. The drug reached Phase III but was never marketed; mainly because it couldn't be administered orally (as opposed to the newer and chemically similar MMPI marimastat), and injection into the peritoneum caused peritonitis Peritonitis is inflammation of the localized or generalized peritoneum, the lining of the inner wall of the abdomen and covering of the abdominal organs. Symptoms may include severe pain, swelling of the abdomen, fever, or weight ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oral Administration
Oral administration is a route of administration whereby a substance is taken through the Human mouth, mouth, swallowed, and then processed via the digestive system. This is a common route of administration for many medications. Oral administration can be easier and less painful than other routes of administration, such as Injection (medicine), injection. However, the onset of action is relatively low, and the effectiveness is reduced if it is not absorbed properly in the digestive system, or if it is broken down by digestive enzymes before it can reach the bloodstream. Some medications may cause gastrointestinal side effects, such as nausea or vomiting, when taken orally. Oral administration can also only be applied to conscious patients, and patients able to swallow. Terminology ''Per os'' (; ''P.O.'') is an adverbial phrase meaning literally from Latin "through the mouth" or "by mouth". The expression is used in medicine to describe a treatment that is taken orally (but not ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitor
A matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor (INN stem ) inhibits matrix metalloproteinases. Because they inhibit cell migration, they have antiangiogenic effects. They are endogenous or exogenous. The most notorious endogenous metalloproteinases are tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases Tissue may refer to: Biology * Tissue (biology), an ensemble of similar (or dissimilar in structure but same in origin) cells that together carry out a specific function * ''Triphosa haesitata'', a species of geometer moth ("tissue moth") found in ..., followed by cartilage-derived angiogenesis inhibitors. Exogenous matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors were developed as anticancer drugs. Examples include: * Batimastat * Cipemastat * Ilomastat * Marimastat * Prinomastat * Rebimastat * Tanomastat Metalloproteinase inhibitors are found in numerous marine organisms, including fish, cephalopods, mollusks, algae and bacteria. See also * Drug discovery and development of MMP inhibitors References [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Cancer Institute
The National Cancer Institute (NCI) coordinates the United States National Cancer Program and is part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), which is one of eleven agencies that are part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The NCI conducts and supports research, training, health information dissemination, and other activities related to the causes, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer; the supportive care of cancer patients and their families; and cancer survivorship. NCI is the oldest and has the largest budget and research program of the 27 institutes and centers of the NIH ($6.9 billion in 2020). It fulfills the majority of its mission via an extramural program that provides grants for cancer research. Additionally, the National Cancer Institute has intramural research programs in Bethesda, Maryland, and at the Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research at Fort Detrick in Frederick, Maryland. The NCI receives more than in funding e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Experimental Cancer Drugs
An experiment is a procedure carried out to support or refute a hypothesis, or determine the efficacy or likelihood of something previously untried. Experiments provide insight into cause-and-effect by demonstrating what outcome occurs when a particular factor is manipulated. Experiments vary greatly in goal and scale but always rely on repeatable procedure and logical analysis of the results. There also exist natural experimental studies. A child may carry out basic experiments to understand how things fall to the ground, while teams of scientists may take years of systematic investigation to advance their understanding of a phenomenon. Experiments and other types of hands-on activities are very important to student learning in the science classroom. Experiments can raise test scores and help a student become more engaged and interested in the material they are learning, especially when used over time. Experiments can vary from personal and informal natural comparisons ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hydroxamic Acids
In organic chemistry, hydroxamic acids are a class of organic compounds having a general formula bearing the functional group , where R and R' are typically organyl groups (e.g., alkyl or aryl) or hydrogen. They are amides () wherein the nitrogen atom has a hydroxyl () substituent. They are often used as metal chelation, chelators. Common example of hydroxamic acid is aceto-''N''-methylhydroxamic acid (). Some uncommon examples of hydroxamic acids are formo-''N''-chlorohydroxamic acid () and chloroformo-''N''-methylhydroxamic acid (). Synthesis and reactions Hydroxamic acids are usually prepared from either esters or acid chlorides by a reaction with hydroxylamine salts. For the synthesis of benzohydroxamic acid ( or , where Ph is phenyl group), the overall equation is: : Hydroxamic acids can also be synthesized from aldehydes and ''N''-sulfonylhydroxylamine via the Angeli-Rimini reaction. Alternatively, molybdenum oxide diperoxide oxidizes trimethylsilyl, trimethylsilated ami ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors
Matrix (: matrices or matrixes) or MATRIX may refer to: Science and mathematics * Matrix (mathematics), a rectangular array of numbers, symbols or expressions * Matrix (logic), part of a formula in prenex normal form * Matrix (biology), the material in between a eukaryotic organism's cells * Matrix (chemical analysis), the non-analyte components of a sample * Matrix (geology), the fine-grained material in which larger objects are embedded * Matrix (composite), the constituent of a composite material * Hair matrix, produces hair * Nail matrix, part of the nail in anatomy Technology * Matrix (mass spectrometry), a compound that promotes the formation of ions * Matrix (numismatics), a tool used in coin manufacturing * Matrix (printing), a mould for casting letters * Matrix (protocol), an open standard for real-time communication * Matrix (record production), or master, a disc used in the production of phonograph records ** Matrix number, of a gramophone record * Diode matrix, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isobutyl Compounds
In organic chemistry, butyl is a four-carbon alkyl radical or substituent group with general chemical formula , derived from either of the two isomers (''n''-butane and isobutane) of butane. The isomer ''n''-butane can connect in two ways, giving rise to two "-butyl" groups: * If it connects at one of the two terminal carbon atoms, it is normal butyl or ''n''-butyl: (preferred IUPAC name: butyl) * If it connects at one of the non-terminal (internal) carbon atoms, it is secondary butyl or ''sec''-butyl: (preferred IUPAC name: butan-2-yl) The second isomer of butane, isobutane, can also connect in two ways, giving rise to two additional groups: * If it connects at one of the three terminal carbons, it is isobutyl: (preferred IUPAC name: 2-methylpropyl) * If it connects at the central carbon, it is tertiary butyl, ''tert''-butyl or ''t''-butyl: (preferred IUPAC name: ''tert''-butyl) Nomenclature According to IUPAC nomenclature, "isobutyl", "''sec''-butyl", and "''tert''-b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
