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Marianismo
''Marianismo'' is a Hispanic term that describes an ideal of true femininity with characteristics derived from the devotional cult of St. Mary of Guadalupe, a central figure of Roman Catholicism in Mexico. It defines standards for the female gender role in Hispanic American folk cultures, and is strictly intertwined with ''machismo'' and Roman Catholicism. ''Marianismo'' revolves around the veneration for feminine virtues like interpersonal harmony, inner strength, self-sacrifice, family, chastity, and morality among Hispanic/Latina women. More ideals regarding the female gender role held within ''marianismo'' in Hispanic American culture include those of feminine passivity, sexual purity, and self-silencing. Evelyn Stevens, political scientist, states: " teaches that women are semi-divine, morally superior to and spiritually stronger than men."Evelyn P. Stevens, "''Marianismo: la otra cara del machismo en Latino-América''"; in: Ann Pescatelo, ''Hembra y macho en Latino ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Evelyn Paniagua Stevens
Evelyn Paniagua Stevens (1919 – March 19, 1996) was an American scholar of Latin American studies. She spent much of her career at the Latin American Studies Center in the University of California, Berkeley, where she was a scholar of Latin American politics and women's studies. Stevens may have been the first to introduce the concept of ''marianismo'' to the academic literature, when she controversially argued in 1973 that ''marianismo'' was a widespread counterbalance to ''machismo''. Stevens was the 10th President of the Latin American Studies Association, and the first woman to be president of that organization. Life and career Stevens was born in Chicago in 1919. She attended Northwestern University and the University of Puerto Rico, but did not complete a degree at either school. She married Manual Paniagua, from whom she would later become divorced, and they had two children. Stevens spent the 1940s and 1950s working primarily as a journalist and civil servant in a variety ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Machismo
Machismo (; ; ; ) is the sense of being " manly" and self-reliant, a concept associated with "a strong sense of masculine pride: an exaggerated masculinity". Machismo is a term originating in the early 1940s and 1950s and its use more widespread in popular culture in the 60s. While the term is associated with "a man's responsibility to provide for, protect, and defend his family", machismo is strongly and consistently associated with dominance, aggression, grandstanding, and an inability to nurture. Machismo is found to be deeply rooted in family dynamics and culture in Latin America and is exclusive to the region. The word has a long history both in Spain and Portugal, including the Spanish and Portuguese languages. in Portuguese and Spanish is a strictly masculine term, derived from the Latin ''mascŭlus'', which means "male". It was originally associated with the ideal societal role men were expected to play in their communities, most particularly Iberian language-sp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Matka Boza Z Guadalupe
Matka may refer to: Places * Matka, Estonia, a village in Lüganuse Parish, Ida-Viru County, Estonia * Matka Canyon, a canyon in the Republic of North Macedonia * Matka, Raebareli, a village in Uttar Pradesh, India * Matka, Saraj, a village in Saraj Municipality, Republic of North Macedonia Other * ''Matka'' (film), a 2024 Indian Telugu-language film * Matka (silk), a type of coarse silk fabric in ancient India * Matka-class missile boat, a group of hydrofoil missile boats built for the Soviet Navy * Matka gambling or satta gambling, a type of betting and lottery in India * Matki (earthen pot), also matka, an Indian water jar * Ghatam or matka, an Indian percussion instrument * ''Matka'', a 1988 opera by Annette Schlünz * ''Mother'' (opera) (), a 1929 quarter-tone opera by Alois Hába * ''The Mother'' (Čapek play) (), a 1938 play by Karel Čapek * Matka gambling or satta gambling, a type of betting and lottery in India — attamatkaservices(https://satta-matka.services/) (Provi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mexico
Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in North America. It is the northernmost country in Latin America, and borders the United States to the north, and Guatemala and Belize to the southeast; while having maritime boundary, maritime boundaries with the Pacific Ocean to the west, the Caribbean Sea to the southeast, and the Gulf of Mexico to the east. Mexico covers 1,972,550 km2 (761,610 sq mi), and is the List of countries by area, thirteenth-largest country in the world by land area. With a population exceeding 130 million, Mexico is the List of countries by population, tenth-most populous country in the world and is home to the Hispanophone#Countries, largest number of native Spanish speakers. Mexico City is the capital and List of cities in Mexico, largest city, which ranks among the List of cities by population, most populous metropolitan areas in the world. Human presence in Mexico dates back to at least 8,000 BC. Mesoamerica, considered a cradle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Universidad Estatal A Distancia
The Distance State University () (UNED), is one of five public universities in the Republic of Costa Rica. It is in Mercedes, Montes de Oca. UNED is the second university in number of students, and it is the largest coverage in the country. It has its own publishing house that produces textbooks that cover most of the needs of the university, as essayistic works, research, etc. This institution was created in 1977. Its first president was Don Francisco Antonio Pacheco Fernandez. The university has programs classified into four categories: * Science education (Bachelor of Special Education, Bachelor of Educational Administration) * Management sciences (Bachelor of Business Administration with emphasis on Banking and Finance) * Social sciences and humanities (Bachelor of Criminological Sciences) * Natural sciences (Agricultural Engineering; Bachelor of Protection and Natural Resource Management) It also offers graduate programs for master's and doctorate. ''UNED Research Journal' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Costa Rica
Costa Rica, officially the Republic of Costa Rica, is a country in Central America. It borders Nicaragua to the north, the Caribbean Sea to the northeast, Panama to the southeast, and the Pacific Ocean to the southwest, as well as Maritime boundary, maritime border with Ecuador to the south of Cocos Island. It has a population of around five million in a land area of nearly . An estimated people live in the capital and largest city, San José, Costa Rica, San José, with around two million people in the surrounding metropolitan area. The sovereign state is a Presidential system, presidential republic. It has a long-standing and stable Constitution of Costa Rica, constitutional democracy and a highly educated workforce. The country spends roughly 6.9% of its budget (2016) on education, compared to a global average of 4.4%. Its economy, once heavily dependent on agriculture, has diversified to include sectors such as finance, corporate services for foreign companies, pharmaceut ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
San José Province
San José () is a province of Costa Rica. It is located in the central part of the country, and borders (clockwise beginning in the north) the provinces of Alajuela, Heredia, Limón, Cartago and Puntarenas. The provincial and national capital is San José. The province covers an area of 4,965.9 km². and has a population of 1,404,242. p. 22 Subdivisions The province of San José is subdivided into 20 cantons. Canton (Capital): # San José ( San José) #[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
UNED Research Journal
The Distance State University () (UNED), is one of five public universities in the Republic of Costa Rica. It is in Mercedes, Montes de Oca. UNED is the second university in number of students, and it is the largest coverage in the country. It has its own publishing house that produces textbooks that cover most of the needs of the university, as essayistic works, research, etc. This institution was created in 1977. Its first president was Don Francisco Antonio Pacheco Fernandez. The university has programs classified into four categories: * Science education (Bachelor of Special Education, Bachelor of Educational Administration) * Management sciences (Bachelor of Business Administration with emphasis on Banking and Finance) * Social sciences and humanities (Bachelor of Criminological Sciences) * Natural sciences (Agricultural Engineering; Bachelor of Protection and Natural Resource Management) It also offers graduate programs for master's and doctorate. ''UNED Research Journal' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Self-censorship
Self-censorship is the act of censoring or classifying one's own discourse, typically out of fear or deference to the perceived preferences, sensibilities, or infallibility of others, and often without overt external pressure. Self-censorship is commonly exhibited by film producers, directors, publishers, journalists, musicians, and social media personalities. Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights guarantees freedom of speech from all forms of censorship. Article 19 explicitly states that "everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers." The practice of self-censorship, like that of censorship itself, has a long history. Reasons for self-censorship Psychological People often communicate to affirm their identity and sense of belonging. People may express their opinions or withho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sexual Purity
Chastity, also known as purity, is a virtue related to temperance. Someone who is ''chaste'' refrains from sexual activity that is considered immoral or from any sexual activity, according to their state of life. In some contexts, for example when making a vow of chastity, chastity means celibacy. Etymology The words ''chaste'' and ''chastity'' stem from the Latin adjective ("cut off", "separated", "pure"). The words entered the English language around the middle of the 13th century. ''Chaste'' meant "virtuous", "pure from unlawful sexual intercourse" or (from the early 14th century on) as a noun, a virgin, while ''chastity'' meant "(sexual) purity". Thomas Aquinas links (chastity) to the Latin verb ("chastise, reprimand, correct"), with a reference to Aristotle's ''Nicomachean Ethics'': "Chastity takes its name from the fact that reason 'chastises' concupiscence, which, like a child, needs curbing, as the Philosopher states". In Abrahamic religions For many Jews, Chri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Passivity (behavior)
Deference (also called submission or passivity) is the condition of submitting to the espoused, legitimate influence of one's superior or superiors. Deference implies a yielding or submitting to the judgment of a recognized superior, out of respect or reverence. Deference has been studied extensively by political scientists, sociologists, and psychologists. Politics Smolenski (2005) examines deference in colonial Pennsylvania, to see how claims to political authority were made, justified, and accepted or rejected. He focuses on the "colonial speech economy," that is, the implicit rules that determined who was allowed to address whom and under what conditions, and describes how the qualities that inspired deference changed in the province from 1691 to 1764. The Quaker elite initially established a monopoly on political leadership based on what they believed to be their inherent civic virtue grounded in their religious and social class. By 1760, this view had been discredited and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
