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Mare (folklore)
A mare (, ; Old Norse, Old High German and Swedish language, Swedish: ; ) is a malicious entity in Germanic folklore, Germanic and Slavic folklore that walks on people's chests while they sleep, bringing on nightmares.Harald Bjorvand, Bjorvand, Harald; and Fredrik Otto Lindeman, Lindeman, Fredrik Otto edd. (2000). ''Våre arveord: Etymologisk ordbok'', Etymology The word ''mare'' comes (through Middle English ) from the Old English feminine noun (which had numerous variant forms, including , , and ). Likewise are the forms in Old Norse/Icelandic as well as the Old High German (glossed in Latin as ""), while the Middle High German forms are . These in turn come from Proto-Germanic . from which are derived the modern forms: ; ; ; ; / , Dutch language, Dutch: (), and German language, German: ()'. The ''-mar'' in French language, French ('nightmare') is borrowed from the Germanic through Old French . Most scholars trace the word back to the Linguistic reconstruction, reco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henry Fuseli (1741–1825), The Nightmare, 1781
Henry Fuseli ( ; ; 7 February 1741 – 17 April 1825) was a Swiss painter, drawing, draughtsman, and writer on art who spent much of his life in Britain. Many of his successful works depict supernatural experiences, such as ''The Nightmare''. He produced painted works for Boydell Shakespeare Gallery, John Boydell's Shakespeare Gallery and his own "Milton Gallery". He held the posts of Professor of Painting and Keeper at the Royal Academy of Arts, Royal Academy. His style had a considerable influence on many younger British artists, including William Blake. Biography Fuseli was born on 7 February 1741, in Zürich, the second of 18 children. Among his brothers and sisters were Johann Kaspar Füssli, Johann Kaspar and Anna Füssli, Anna. His father was Johann Caspar Füssli, a painter of portraits and landscapes, and author of ''Lives of the Helvetia, Helvetic Painters''. He intended Henry for the church, and sent him to the Caroline college of Zürich, where he received a cla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Linguistic Reconstruction
Linguistic reconstruction is the practice of establishing the features of an unattested ancestor language of one or more given languages. There are two kinds of reconstruction: * Internal reconstruction uses irregularities in a single language to make inferences about an earlier stage of that language – that is, it is based on evidence from that language alone. * Comparative reconstruction, usually referred to just as reconstruction, establishes features of the ancestor of two or more related languages, belonging to the same language family, by means of the comparative method. A language reconstructed in this way is often referred to as a proto-language (the common ancestor of all the languages in a given family). Texts discussing linguistic reconstruction commonly preface reconstructed forms with an asterisk (*) to distinguish them from attested forms. An attested word from which a root in the proto-language is reconstructed is a . More generally, a reflex is the known deriv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maran
Maran () is a Jewish honorific prefix for exceptionally respected rabbis. It is an alternate form of Aramaic ''mar'', meaning "master" (compare '' rav'', ''rabban''). Maran is especially preferred among Sephardic Jews, and commonly used in reference to Joseph Karo. When used without further qualification, "Maran" typically refers to Karo. Amongst contemporary rabbis, Ovadia Yosef is most closely associated with Maran. Within their respective communities, rabbis like Yosef Shalom Elyashiv, Elazar Shach and Joel Teitelbaum may be called "Maran" in combination with other titles. See also *Honorifics in Judaism There are a number of honorifics in Judaism that vary depending on the status of, and the relationship to, the person to whom one is referring. Hasid Ḥasīd is a Jewish honorific, frequently used as a term of exceptional respect in the Talmud ... * Mar * Maranatha References Orthodox rabbinic roles and titles Aramaic words and phrases Religious honorifics [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Devereux
Paul Devereux (born 1945) is a British author, researcher, lecturer, broadcaster, artist and photographer based in the UK. Devereux is a co-founder and the managing editor of the academic publication ''Time & Mind – the Journal of Archaeology, Consciousness and Culture'', a research associate with the Royal College of Art (2007–2013), and a Research Fellow with the International Consciousness Research Laboratories (ICRL) group at Princeton University. Paul Devereux' work primarily deals with archaeological themes, especially archaeoacoustics (the study of sound at archaeological sites), the anthropology of consciousness (ancient and pre-modern worldviews), ecopsychology, unusual geophysical phenomena, and consciousness studies, spanning the range from academic to popular. He has written or co-written 28 books since 1979. He originated two Channel 4 (UK) television documentaries. Biography Paul Devereux grew up in Leicester. He painted and studied at the Ravensbourne Colleg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pine
A pine is any conifer tree or shrub in the genus ''Pinus'' () of the family Pinaceae. ''Pinus'' is the sole genus in the subfamily Pinoideae. ''World Flora Online'' accepts 134 species-rank taxa (119 species and 15 nothospecies) of pines as current, with additional synonyms, and ''Plants of the World Online'' 126 species-rank taxa (113 species and 13 nothospecies), making it the largest genus among the conifers. The highest species diversity of pines is found in Mexico. Pines are widely species distribution, distributed in the Northern Hemisphere; they occupy large areas of boreal forest, but are found in many habitats, including the Mediterranean Basin, and dry tropical forests in southeast Asia and Central America. Wood from pine trees is one of the most extensively used types of timber, and some pines are widely used as Christmas trees. Description Pine trees are evergreen, coniferous resinous trees (or, rarely, shrubs) growing tall, with the majority of species reachin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish Plait
Polish plait (Latin: ''Plica polonica'', or ''plika'', ''Kołtun'' in Polish meaning matted), less commonly known in English as plica or trichoma, is a particular formation of hair. This term can refer to either a hairstyle or a medical condition, depending on context. The term is connected to a system of beliefs in European folklore, and healing practices in traditional medicine in medieval Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth that believed matted hair was an amulet, or a catchment or trajectory for illness to leave the body. As a medical condition Plica polonica (synonym, ''plica neuropathica''; common name, "Polish plait") is an uncommon condition in which the hair shaft becomes entangled irreversibly, forming a mass which is matted and sometimes can be sticky and moist. In this condition, the protective layer of hair (cuticle) is damaged, and the cortex of the hair is exposed. The cortex is a more moist and sticky part of the hair than the outer layer, and the affected hairs a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norwegian Language
Norwegian ( ) is a North Germanic language from the Indo-European language family spoken mainly in Norway, where it is an official language. Along with Swedish and Danish, Norwegian forms a dialect continuum of more or less mutually intelligible local and regional varieties; some Norwegian and Swedish dialects, in particular, are very close. These Scandinavian languages, together with Faroese and Icelandic as well as some extinct languages, constitute the North Germanic languages. Faroese and Icelandic are not mutually intelligible with Norwegian in their spoken form because continental Scandinavian has diverged from them. While the two Germanic languages with the greatest numbers of speakers, English and German, have close similarities with Norwegian, neither is mutually intelligible with it. Norwegian is a descendant of Old Norse, the common language of the Germanic peoples living in Scandinavia during the Viking Age. Today there are two official forms of ''written'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rügen
Rügen (; Rani: ''Rȯjana'', ''Rāna''; , ) is Germany's largest island. It is located off the Pomeranian coast in the Baltic Sea and belongs to the state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. The "gateway" to Rügen island is the Hanseatic city of Stralsund, where it is linked to the mainland by road and railway via the Rügen Bridge and Causeway, two routes crossing the two-kilometre-wide Strelasund, a sound of the Baltic Sea. Rügen has a maximum length of (from north to south), a maximum width of in the south and an area of . The coast is characterised by numerous sandy beaches, lagoons () and open bays (), as well as peninsulas and headlands. In June 2011, UNESCO awarded the status of a World Heritage Site to the Jasmund National Park, characterised by vast stands of beeches and chalk cliffs like King's Chair, the main landmark of Rügen island. The island of Rügen is part of the district of Vorpommern-Rügen, with its county seat in Stralsund. The towns on Rüg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yeleazar Meletinsky
Eleazar Moiseevich Meletinskii (also ''Meletinsky'' or ''Meletinskij''; ; 22 October 1918, Kharkiv – 17 December 2005, Moscow) was a Russian scholar famous for his seminal studies of folklore, literature, philology and the history and theory of narrative; he was one of the major figures of Russian academia in those fields. He was Director of the Institute for Advanced Studies in the Humanities at Russian State University for the Humanities for several years until his death.mail from Seth Graham for decease announcement, retrieved on Google cache on June 2, 200/ref> His analysis of comic doublets The traditions of the mythological narration, dealt with the figures of the ancestors-heroes civilizers, and their comic-demoniac doublets. Mikhail Bakhtin, Bakhtin summarized Meletinsky's analysis in his work on Rabelais: This double aspect of the world and of human life he existence of a second world and life outside officialdomexisted even at the earliest stages of cultural develop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moros
In Greek mythology, Moros /ˈmɔːrɒs/ or Morus /ˈmɔːrəs/ (Ancient Greek: Μόρος means 'doom, fate') is the personified spirit of impending doom, who drives mortals to their deadly fate. It was also said that Moros gave people the ability to foresee their death. His Roman equivalent was Fatum. Family Moros is the offspring of Nyx, the primordial goddess of the night. It is suggested by Roman authors that Moros was son of Erebus, primordial god of darkness. However, in Hesiod's Theogony it is suggested that Nyx bore him by herself, along with several of her other children. Regardless of the presence or absence of Moros' father, this would make him the brother of the Moirai, or the Fates. Among his other siblings are Thanatos and the Keres, death spirits who represented the physical aspects of death—Keres being the bringers of violent death and terminal sickness, while Thanatos represents a more peaceful passing. Mythology In ''Prometheus Bound'', the ti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Greek Languages
Hellenic is the branch of the Indo-European language family whose principal member is Greek. In most classifications, Hellenic consists of Greek alone,Browning (1983), ''Medieval and Modern Greek'', Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Joseph, Brian D. and Irene Philippaki-Warburton (1987): ''Modern Greek''. London: Routledge, p. 1. but some linguists use the term Hellenic to refer to a group consisting of Greek proper and other varieties thought to be related but different enough to be separate languages, either among ancient neighboring languages or among modern varieties of Greek. Greek and ancient Macedonian While the bulk of surviving public and private inscriptions found in ancient Macedonia were written in Attic Greek (and later in Koine Greek), fragmentary documentation of a vernacular local variety comes from onomastic evidence, ancient glossaries and recent epigraphic discoveries in the Greek region of Macedonia, such as the Pella curse tablet. This local variety i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Éva Pócs
Éva Pócs (born 1936) is a Hungarian ethnographer and folklorist. Education and academic career Éva Pócs was born in 1936. She is the younger sister of botanist Tamás Pócs (born 1936). She began her career at the Néprajzi Múzeum where she was an intern between 1959 and 1960. On gaining her first degree in 1960 in Hungarian Folklore, Museology, and Secondary School Teaching from Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), she joined the curatorial staff of the in Szolnok. Between 1965 and 1968 Pócs worked as a graduate researcher (aspirantúra) in the Department of Folklore at ELTE. Following her studies at ELTE, Pócs joined the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA Néprajzi Kutatóintézete), where she was a fellow between 1968 and 1989, and then as Head of department for the Institute of Ethnography from 1990 until she took partial retirement in 2001. She received her PhD degree in Ethnology (Folklore) in 1982 and her DSc in 1998. During her time at MTA Néprajzi Kutatói ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
