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Maenor
The maenor (pl. ''maenorau'') was a gathering of villages in medieval Wales. In North Wales the word ''maenol'' was used for a similar, but not identical, idea. Although it is very often conflated with the English manor, ''maenor'' predates that Norman French term by centuries and is apparently etymologically unrelated, instead deriving from Welsh ''maen'' ("stone")Wade-Evans, Arthur. ''Welsh Medieval Law''. Oxford Univ., 1909. Accessed 1 Feb 2013. possibly originally describing the stone homes of local lords or the area sharing a single mill. Two kinds of ''maenorau'' were distinguished: those of the nobles and free yeomen (the ''maenor wrthdir'') and those of the taeog (serfs; the ''maenor vro''). According to the Laws of Hywel Dda ''Cyfraith Hywel'' (; ''Laws of Hywel''), also known as ''Welsh law'' (), was the system of law practised in medieval Wales before its conquest of Wales by Edward I, final conquest by England. Subsequently, the Welsh law's criminal codes were s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laws Of Hywel Dda
''Cyfraith Hywel'' (; ''Laws of Hywel''), also known as ''Welsh law'' (), was the system of law practised in medieval Wales before its conquest of Wales by Edward I, final conquest by England. Subsequently, the Welsh law's criminal codes were superseded by the Statute of Rhuddlan in AD 1284 and its civil codes by Henry VIII of England, Henry VIII's series of Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542, Laws in Wales Acts between 1535 and 1542. Welsh law was a form of Celtic law with many similarities to the Early Irish law, Brehon law of Ireland and particularly the customs and terminology of the Britons of Kingdom of Strathclyde, Strathclyde. It was passed down orally by jurists and bards and, according to tradition, only first codified during the reign of Hywel Dda in the mid-10th century. The earliest surviving manuscripts, however, are in Latin, date from the early 13th century, and show marked regional differences.Wade-Evans, Arthur. ''s:Page:Welsh Medieval Law.djvu/13, Welsh Medieval L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taeog
A taeog (pl. ''taeogion''; Latin: ''villanus'') was a native serf or villein of the medieval Welsh kingdoms. The term was used in south Wales and literally denoted someone "belonging to the house" (''ty'') of the lord's manor. The equivalent term in north Wales was aillt or mab aillt ( "shorn" or "shaven fellow").. The ''taeogion'' were distinguished both from the nobility (''boneddigion'') above them and the foreign-born (''alltudion'') and slaves (''caethion'') below. Although they might use patronymics, they were considered as having no pedigree and were bound to their land until they were freed in one of three ways: if they were elevated to one of the 24 principal offices of the Welsh court; if they became a tonsured cleric; or if a new church were built within their town with the king's permission.. The class of all ''taeogion'' were divided between the serfs of the king's land and those of the nobles', with the wergild of the former valued at twice that of the latter. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Medieval Wales
Wales in the Middle Ages covers the history of the country that is now called Wales, from the departure of the Romans in the early fifth century to the annexation of Wales into the Kingdom of England in the early sixteenth century. This period of about 1,000 years saw the development of regional Welsh kingdoms, Celtic conflict with the Anglo-Saxons, reducing Celtic territories, and conflict between the Welsh and the Anglo-Normans from the 11th century. Early Middle Ages: 411–1066 When the Roman garrison of Britain was withdrawn in 410, the various British states were left self-governing. Evidence for a continuing Roman influence after the departure of the Roman legions is provided by an inscribed stone from Gwynedd dated between the late 5th and mid-6th centuries commemorating a certain Cantiorix who was described as a citizen (''cives'') of Gwynedd and a cousin of Maglos the magistrate (''magistratus''). There was considerable Irish colonisation in Dyfed, where there are m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Journal Of Historical Geography
The ''Journal of Historical Geography'' is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering historical geography and environmental history published by Elsevier. According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2014 impact factor The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) of an academic journal is a type of journal ranking. Journals with higher impact factor values are considered more prestigious or important within their field. The Impact Factor of a journa ... of 1.028. References External links * Quarterly journals English-language journals History of geography journals Elsevier academic journals Historical geography {{sci-hist-journal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manorialism
Manorialism, also known as seigneurialism, the manor system or manorial system, was the method of land ownership (or "Land tenure, tenure") in parts of Europe, notably France and later England, during the Middle Ages. Its defining features included a large, sometimes fortified manor house in which the lord of the manor and his dependants lived and administered a rural estate, and a population of labourers or Serfdom, serfs who worked the surrounding land to support themselves and the lord. These labourers fulfilled their obligations with labour time or in-kind produce at first, and later by cash payment as commercial activity increased. Manorialism was part of the Feudalism, feudal system. Manorialism originated in the Roman villa system of the Late Roman Empire, and was widely practised in Middle Ages, medieval western Europe and parts of central Europe. An essential element of feudal society, manorialism was slowly replaced by the advent of a money-based market economy and new ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wade-Evans, Arthur
Arthur Wade Wade-Evans (born Arthur Wade Evans) (31 August 1875 – 4 January 1964) was a Welsh clergyman and historian. Biography Evans was born in Fishguard, Pembrokeshire Pembrokeshire ( ; ) is a Principal areas of Wales, county in the South West Wales, south-west of Wales. It is bordered by Carmarthenshire to the east, Ceredigion to the northeast, and otherwise by the sea. Haverfordwest is the largest town and ..., in south Wales on 31 August 1875 and did not include his mother's maiden name in his surname until 1899, when he was 24 years old. His father, Titus Evans, was a master mariner. Evans was educated at Haverfordwest Grammar school. In 1893, he matriculated at Jesus College, Oxford, graduating in 1896. He was ordained deacon in St Paul's Cathedral in 1898 and then served as curate in various parishes, including Ealing, Cardiff, and English and Welsh Bicknor. In 1909, he was appointed vicar of France Lynch, where he remained until 1926. He camp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
