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Lysergic Acid Amide
Ergine, also known as lysergic acid amide (LSA or LAA) as well as LA-111, is a psychoactive compound of the ergoline and lysergamide families related to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Ergine is an ergoline alkaloid found in fungi such as ''Claviceps paspali'' (ergot) and ''Periglandula'' species such as ''Periglandula clandestina'', which are permanently connected with many morning glory vines. Ergine induces relatively mild psychedelic effects as well as pronounced sedative effects. The most common sources of ergine for use as a drug are the seeds of morning glory species including ''Ipomoea tricolor'' (tlitliltzin), ''Ipomoea corymbosa'' (ololiuhqui), and ''Argyreia nervosa'' (Hawaiian baby woodrose). Morning glory seeds have a history of entheogenic use in Mesoamerica dating back at least hundreds of years. They have also since been used by many Westerners. In addition to ergine, morning glory seeds contain other ergolines such as lysergic acid hydroxyethylamide (LSH), ly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oral Administration
Oral administration is a route of administration whereby a substance is taken through the Human mouth, mouth, swallowed, and then processed via the digestive system. This is a common route of administration for many medications. Oral administration can be easier and less painful than other routes of administration, such as Injection (medicine), injection. However, the onset of action is relatively low, and the effectiveness is reduced if it is not absorbed properly in the digestive system, or if it is broken down by digestive enzymes before it can reach the bloodstream. Some medications may cause gastrointestinal side effects, such as nausea or vomiting, when taken orally. Oral administration can also only be applied to conscious patients, and patients able to swallow. Terminology ''Per os'' (; ''P.O.'') is an adverbial phrase meaning literally from Latin "through the mouth" or "by mouth". The expression is used in medicine to describe a treatment that is taken orally (but not ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Claviceps Paspali
''Claviceps paspali'' is a fungus of the genus ''Claviceps'' (ergot) and family ''Clavicipitaceae''. Along with the better-known ''Claviceps purpurea'', it is one of the ''Claviceps'' species that has the capacity to produce psychedelic lysergamides such as ergine (lysergic acid amide; LSA) and isoergine. ''Claviceps paspali'' infects wild grasses and could be found on the common grass ''Paspalum''. Like ''Claviceps africana Ergot ( ) or ergot fungi refers to a group of fungi of the genus ''Claviceps''. The most prominent member of this group is ''Claviceps purpurea'' ("rye ergot fungus"). This fungus grows on rye and related plants, and produces alkaloids that can ...'', ''Claviceps paspali'' also secretes honeydew which is consumed by bees. The bees then create a honey called fic'e (Paraguayan Makai Indian language), which is infused with secretions from the plants and has a pungent aroma. If consumed in high amounts, the honey can cause drunkenness, dizziness and even deat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ergonovine
Ergonovine, also known as ergometrine and lysergic acid propanolamide, is a medication used to cause contractions of the uterus to treat heavy vaginal bleeding after childbirth. It can be used either by mouth, by injection into a muscle, or injection into a vein. Common side effects include high blood pressure, vomiting, seizures, headache, and low blood pressure. Other serious side effects include ergotism. Ergonovine was discovered in 1932. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Ergonovine is controlled in some countries because it can be used to make the psychedelic drug lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). It is also known to produce psychedelic effects itself at high doses. Medical uses Ergonovine has a medical use in obstetrics to facilitate delivery of the placenta and to prevent bleeding after childbirth by causing smooth muscle tissue in the blood vessel walls to narrow, thereby reducing blood flow. It is usually combined with oxytoci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lysergic Acid Hydroxyethylamide
Lysergic acid hydroxyethylamide (LSH or LAH), also known as lysergic acid ''N''-(α-hydroxyethyl)amide, is an ergoamide and an ergoline. It is perhaps the main constituent of the parasitic fungus, '' Claviceps paspali''; and found in trace amounts in ''Claviceps purpurea''. ''C. paspali'' and ''C. purpurea'' are ergot-spreading fungi. ''Periglandula'', ''Clavicipitacepus'' fungi, are permanently symbiotically connected to an estimated 450species of ''Convolvulaceae'' and thus generate LAH in some of them (42 generate ergolines, by Eckart Eich's review). The most well-known ones are ''Ipomoea tricolor'' (“morning glory”), ''Turbina corymbosa'' (''coaxihuitl''), and '' Argyreia nervosa'' (Hawaiian baby woodrose). LAH is structurally similar to ergonovine, which is also known as lysergic acid hydroxymethylethylamide. The more well-known analog, lysergic acid amide (syn. ''ergine''), is more prominent in analytical results because LAH easily decomposes to ergine. Ergine is only ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Western People
The ''Western People'' is a weekly local newspaper published in Ballina, County Mayo in Ireland. It was first published in 1883. The newspaper was part of the Thomas Crosbie Holdings group. Thomas Crosbie Holdings went into receivership in March 2013. The newspaper was acquired by Landmark Media Investments. In December 2017, a sale was agreed to ''The Irish Times ''The Irish Times'' is an Irish daily broadsheet newspaper and online digital publication. It was launched on 29 March 1859. The editor is Ruadhán Mac Cormaic. It is published every day except Sundays. ''The Irish Times'' is Ireland's leading n ...'' pending regulatory approval; in July 2018, this sale was completed. The ''Ballina Herald'' newspaper (1844 – 28 April 1962), later named ''Ballina Herald and Mayo and Sligo Advertiser'', merged with the ''Western People'' in or around 1962. According to the Audit Bureau of Circulations, it had an average weekly circulation of 18,242 in 2008 (ABC Jan-Dec 2008; 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mesoamerica
Mesoamerica is a historical region and cultural area that begins in the southern part of North America and extends to the Pacific coast of Central America, thus comprising the lands of central and southern Mexico, all of Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, and parts of Honduras, Nicaragua and northwestern part of Costa Rica. As a cultural area, Mesoamerica is defined by a mosaic of cultural traits developed and shared by its indigenous cultures. In the pre-Columbian era, many Indigenous peoples of the Americas, indigenous societies flourished in Mesoamerica for more than 3,000 years before the Spanish colonization of the Americas began on Hispaniola in 1493. In world history, Mesoamerica was the site of two historical transformations: (i) primary urban generation, and (ii) the formation of New World cultures from the mixtures of the indigenous Mesoamerican peoples with the European, African, and Asian peoples who were introduced by the Spanish colonization of the Americas. Mesoameri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Entheogen
Entheogens are psychoactive substances used in spiritual and religious contexts to induce altered states of consciousness. Hallucinogens such as the psilocybin found in so-called "magic" mushrooms have been used in sacred contexts since ancient times. Derived from a term meaning "generating the divine from within" entheogen have been used to facilitate transcendence, heaving, divination and mystical insight. Entheogens have been used in various ways, including as part of established religious rituals and as aids for personal spiritual development. Anthropological study has established that entheogens are used for religious, magical, shamanic, or spiritual purposes in many parts of the world. Civilizations such as the Maya and Aztecs used psilocybin mushrooms, peyote, and morning glory seeds in ceremonies meant to connect with deities and perform healing. They have traditionally been used to supplement many diverse practices geared towards achieving transcendence, including ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Argyreia Nervosa
''Argyreia nervosa'' is a perennial climbing vine native to the Indian subcontinent and introduced to numerous areas worldwide, including Hawaii, Africa, and the Caribbean. Though it can be invasive, it is often prized for its aesthetic and medicinal value. Common names include Hawaiian baby woodrose, adhoguda अधोगुडा or vidhara विधारा (Sanskrit), elephant creeper and woolly morning glory. Its seeds are known for their powerful entheogenic properties, greater or similar to those of Ipomoea species, with users reporting significant psychedelic and spiritual experiences. The two botanical varieties are ''Argyreia nervosa'' var. ''nervosa'' described here, and ''Argyreia nervosa'' var. ''speciosa'', the roots of which are used in Ayurvedic medicine. ''Argyreia nervosa'' contains various ergoline alkaloids such as ergine. A study reported stereoisomers of ergine to be found in the seeds at a concentration of 0.325% of dry weight. Two modern studies from a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ipomoea Corymbosa
''Ipomoea corymbosa'' (''Rivea corymbosa'', ''Turbina corymbosa'') is a species of morning glory, native throughout Latin America from Mexico as far south as Peru and widely naturalised elsewhere. Its common names include Christmasvine, Christmaspops, and snakeplant. Description and names Known to natives of north and central Mexico by its Nahuatl name, coaxihuitl and by the south eastern natives as xtabentún (in Mayan), it is a perennial climbing vine with white flowers, often grown as an ornamental plant. Its flowers secrete copious amount of nectar, and the honey that bees make from it is very clear and aromatic. It also grows in Cuba, where it usually blooms from early December to February. It is considered one of the main honey plants of the island. This plant is often used for purposes other than recreation, as natives of Mexico consider the flour produced from its seeds (distinguished as ''ololiuhqui'' (''ololiúqui'', "round things")) a tool for divination and communi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ipomoea Tricolor
''Ipomoea tricolor'', the Mexican morning glory or just morning glory, is a species of flowering plant in the family (biology), family Convolvulaceae, native plant, native to the tropics of the Americas, and widely cultivated and naturalisation (biology), naturalised elsewhere. Alkaloids ''Ipomoea tricolor'' seeds contains Lysergic acid amide, LSA and Lysergic acid hydroxyethylamide, LSH among other alkaloids due to the presence of a symbiotic fungus ''Periglandula ipomoeae'', which produces them. Description It is an herbaceous plant, herbaceous annual plant, annual or perennial plant, perennial twining liana growing to tall. The leaf, leaves are spirally arranged, long with a long petiole. The flowers are trumpet-shaped, in diameter, most commonly blue with a white to golden yellow centre. I. tricolor and many rarer species of morning glory, contain ergoline, ergoline alkaloids, predominantly ergine. Some supermarkets have stopped carrying ''I. tricolor'' seeds because ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sedative
A sedative or tranquilliser is a substance that induces sedation by reducing irritability or Psychomotor agitation, excitement. They are central nervous system (CNS) Depressant, depressants and interact with brain activity, causing its deceleration. Various kinds of sedatives can be distinguished, but the majority of them affect the neurotransmitter Gamma-Aminobutyric acid, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Most sedatives produce relaxing effects by increasing GABA activity. This group is related to hypnotics. The term ''sedative'' describes drugs that serve to calm or Anxiolytic, relieve anxiety, whereas the term ''hypnotic'' describes drugs whose main purpose is to initiate, sustain, or lengthen sleep. Because these two functions frequently overlap, and because drugs in this class generally produce dose-dependent effects (ranging from anxiolysis to loss of consciousness), they are often referred to collectively as ''sedative–hypnotic'' drugs. Terminology There is some overlap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psychedelic
Psychedelics are a subclass of hallucinogenic drugs whose primary effect is to trigger non-ordinary mental states (known as psychedelic experiences or "trips") and a perceived "expansion of consciousness". Also referred to as classic hallucinogens or serotonergic hallucinogens, the term ''psychedelic'' is sometimes used more broadly to include various other types of hallucinogens as well, such as those which are atypical or adjacent to psychedelia like salvia and MDMA, respectively. Classic psychedelics generally cause specific psychological, visual, and auditory changes, and oftentimes a substantially altered state of consciousness. They have had the largest influence on science and culture, and include mescaline, LSD, psilocybin, and DMT. There are a large number of both naturally occurring and synthetic serotonergic psychedelics. Most psychedelic drugs fall into one of the three families of chemical compounds: tryptamines, phenethylamines, or lysergamides. They produce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
