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Kingdom Of Jolof
The Kingdom of Jolof (), also known as Wolof and Wollof, was a West African rump state located in what is today the nation of Senegal. For nearly two hundred years, the Wolof rulers of the Jolof Empire collected tribute from vassal kings' states who voluntarily agreed to the confederacy.Mwakikagile, Godfrey ''Ethnic Diversity and Integration in the Gambia'' At the 1549 Battle of Danki, however, the Buurba Jolof was defeated by the lord of Kayor, resulting in the rapid disintegration of the empire. Jolof survived as a rump state, unable to access the Atlantic trade between its former vassal territories and the Portuguese. History The last Buurba of a united Jolof Empire, Leele Fuli Fak, was killed at Danki in 1549. His sons were children, and so their uncle Alboury became regent. He refused to yield power when they came of age, however, leading to a civil war where Giran Buri Jeleen defeated and killed him. With Jolof weakened, the Deniankes of Futa Toro made Jolof and Waalo t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Empire Of Great Fulo
The Empire of Great Fulo (; ), also known as the Denanke Kingdom or Denianke Kingdom, was a Pulaar kingdom of Senegal, which dominated the Futa Toro region from the early 16th century to 1776. Tenguella, a Fula chief in Futa Toro, led an emigration in the 1450s to establish the Futa Kingi state. His actions disrupted trade, which threatened Mali's communication lines, and led to conflict with Songhai. In 1512, Amar Konjago of the Songhai defeated Tenguella, ending his state. Tenguella's son, Koli, led further migrations, and redirected military efforts against the Jolof Empire, hastening its collapse. After Koli's reign, the Denianke dynasty ruled a large empire but later on succession struggles, foreign intervention, and instability followed. In 1776, Sulayman Bal led a revolution, overthrowing the dynasty and establishing the Imamate of Futa Toro. Etymology The ''Deniaankobe'' were the clan of Koli Tenguella. There are a variety of theories for the origin of the name ei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bambouk
Bambouk (sometimes Bambuk or Bambuhu) is a traditional name for the territory in eastern Senegal and western Mali, encompassing the Bambouk Mountains on its eastern edge, the valley of the Faleme River and the hilly country to the east of the river valley. It was a formally described district in French Sudan, but in 1895, the border between French Sudan and Senegal was moved to the Faleme River, placing the western portion of the district within Senegal. The term is still used to designate the region, but there is no formal administrative area with that name. Bambouk is primarily home to the Malinké people, and a distinctive dialect of the Maninkakan language is spoken there. History According to Martin Meredith, the Carthaginians used Berber nomads to establish a packhorse trade route across the Sahara between Lixus and "the goldfields of Bambuk in the Senegal River valley roughly 6th century BC to 2nd century BC." The Diakhanke established Diakha-ba and became Mu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lat Jor
Lat Jor Ngoné Latir Jop (; ; c. 1842–1886) was a nineteenth-century damel (king) of Cayor, a Wolof state that is today in Sénégal. He is today a national hero of Senegal for his resistance to French colonialism. Ancestry Lat Jor was the son of Sahewer Sohna Mbay (''Sakhéwère Sokhna Mbaye'') and the Linguère royal (''Ngoné Latyr Fall''), Ngoné Latyr Fall was from the Wolof Dynasty of Paleen Dedd which ruled the two kingdoms of Cayor and Baol. Lat Jor belonged to the '' Geej'' or ''Guedj'' Wolof maternal dynasty that had supplied many of the rulers of Cayor and Baol over the preceding centuries. The matriarch of that matriclan was the Wolof Lingeer Ngoné Dièye, a Princess from Tubé Dieye in Gandiol. Gandiol is a Wolof region in the north of Senegal that borders Mauritania. Lat Jor was a direct maternal descendant of Lingeer Ngoné Dièye of Tubé Dieye. Eligible to be elected based on his maternal lineage, Lat Jor was the first damel who was not from the 'Fall' fami ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maba Diakhou Bâ
Mamadu Diakhou Bâ (1809 – July 1867) was a Muslim leader in Senegambia (West Africa) during the 19th century. He was a disciple of the Tijaniyya Sufi brotherhood and became the Almami of Saloum. Maba Diakhou Bâ combined political and religious goals in an attempt to reform or overthrow previous animist monarchies, and resist French encroachment. He is a part of a tradition of Fulani jihad leaders who revolutionized many West African states during the 19th century. In the 19th century, he became a prominent Muslim cleric and slave trader and pillager of non-Muslim states.Klein, Martin (1968). "Islam and Imperialism in Senegal Sine-Saloum, 1847–1914." Edinburgh University Press, p. 73, Spelling variations *In Serer: Ma Ba Jaxu and Ama Ba Jaxu (or Amat Jaxu Ba) *Maba Jaxu *Maba Jahou Bah *Ma Ba Diakhu *Ma Ba Diakho Ba *Mabba Jaxu Ba Early life A descendant of the Fulani Denianke Dynasty, Amath Ba was born in 1809 in the region of Rip, also known as Badibou. His ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gum Arabic
Gum arabic (gum acacia, gum sudani, Senegal gum and by other names) () is a tree gum exuded by two species of '' Acacia sensu lato:'' '' Senegalia senegal,'' and '' Vachellia seyal.'' However, the term "gum arabic" does not indicate a particular botanical source. The gum is harvested commercially from wild trees, mostly in Sudan (about 70% of the global supply) and throughout the Sahel, from Senegal to Somalia. The name "gum Arabic" (''al-samgh al-'arabi'') was used in the Middle East at least as early as the 9th century. Gum arabic first found its way to Europe via Arabic ports and retained its name of origin. Gum arabic is a complex mixture of glycoproteins and polysaccharides, predominantly polymers of arabinose and galactose. It is soluble in water, edible, and used primarily in the food industry and soft drink industry as a stabilizer, with E number E414 (I414 in the US). Gum arabic is a key ingredient in traditional lithography and is used in printing, paints, glue ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trarza
Trarza () is a region in southwest Mauritania. Its capital is Rosso. Other major cities and towns include Mederdra and Boutilimit. Trarza borders the regions of Inchiri and Adrar to the north, Brakna to the east, and the country of Senegal to the south. Its western coastline on the Atlantic Ocean is interrupted only by the Mauritanian capital Nouakchott, which the region completely surrounds. In 2013, the population of the region was 272,773, compared to 345,076 in 2011. There were 47.79 per cent females and 52.21 per cent males. In 2008, the activity rate was 42.60, and the economic dependency ratio was 0.99. The literacy rate for people aged 15 years and over was 79.0 per cent. Demographics In 2013, the population of the region was 272,773. There were 47.79 per cent females and 52.21 per cent males. In 2008, the Couples with children was 35.10 and Couples without children was 3.70. The proportion with extended family was 18.30 per cent extended single-parent was 8.4 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lat Sukabe Fall
Lat Sukaabe Ngone Jey Fall, sometimes spelled Lat Sukabe or Lat Soucabe (or Lat Sukabe Ngoneh Jaye Faal), was Damel-Teigne of the pre-colonial kingdoms of Cayor and Baol in what is now Senegal in the late 17th and early 18th centuries. Background Lat Sukaabe was born a younger son of the Teigne of Baol, Thié Yasin Demba Noudj Fall, and Ngoné Dièye of the Gej or Guedj matrilineal clan. Keur Thie Yasin was a minor branch of the Fall dynasty that had dominated Cayor since Amary Ngone Fall had won the kingdom's independence from the Jolof Empire at the Battle of Danki in 1550. Beginning in the 1670s the Tubenan movement, a multi-national uprising of Muslim marabouts, had severely destabilized the traditionalist kingdoms of present-day Senegal ruled by the ''ceddo'' kings and their slave warriors. Cayor in particular had seen a series of civil conflicts and assassinations, as well as the armed intervention of the '' Bour Saloum'', that had weakened the aristocracy. Rule Upon Thi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Teigne
Teigne (Serer language, Serer:Teeñ, alternate spellings include Teñ, Teen, Teign, Tègne, Tin, or Tinou) was the title of the monarchs of the pre-colonial Kingdom of Baol, now part of present-day Senegal. Etymology and Origin The title "Teigne" was Serer people, Serer in origin. Senegalese linquist, author, and professor of linguistic at the Cheikh Anta Diop University, Professor Souleymane Faye (linguist), Souleymane Faye notes that, the Serer term "foɗeen", which means "milk from the mother's breast", contains the root (linguistics), radical "ɗeen", an altered form of "teen" which means "the breast".Souleymane Faye (linguist), Faye, Souleymane, "Morphologie du nom sérère: système nominal et alternance consonantique." (Issue 10 of Langues nationales au Sénégal). Université de Dakar, Centre de linguistique appliquée de Dakar (1985), p, 22 This refers to the mother and the matrilineage. The Wolof folk etymology that Teigne mean "support placed on the head" or any articl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Damel
Damel was the title of the ruler (or king) of the Wolof kingdom of Cayor in what is now northwest Senegal, West Africa. The most well-known ''damel'' is probably Lat Dior Diop (1842–1886) who was killed by the French after decades of resisting their encroachment on Wolof territory. Lat Dior is a Senegalese national hero. The 30th and last Damel of Cayor, Samba Laobé Fall, was killed by the leader of a French delegation, Captain Spitzer, at Tivaouane, Senegal. Role Among the social classes of Cayor, the Damel stood on the top of the hierarchy. The Damel were traditionally seen as great magicians and it was through female relatives that royal blood was transmitted. Every descendant of a Damel in the maternal line became a ''garmi'' or noble. History The Damel began as the Great Lamane of Cayor, traditionally elected by the other Lamanes from the Fall family of Palene Ded, who claimed descend from Ousmane Boune Afal, a companion of Mohammed, by means of Wagadou. Lat Jor was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mauretania
Mauretania (; ) is the Latin name for a region in the ancient Maghreb. It extended from central present-day Algeria to the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, encompassing northern present-day Morocco, and from the Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean in the north to the Atlas Mountains. Its native inhabitants, of Berbers, Berber ancestry, were known to the Romans as the Mauri and the Masaesyli. In 25 BC, the kings of Mauretania became Roman vassals until about 44 AD, when the area was annexed to Rome and divided into two provinces: Mauretania Tingitana and Mauretania Caesariensis. Christianity spread there from the 3rd century onwards. After the Muslim Arabs subdued the region in the 7th century, Islam became the dominant religion. Moorish kingdom Mauretania existed as a tribal kingdom of the Berber Mauri, Mauri people. In the early 1st century Strabo recorded ''Maûroi'' (Μαῦροι in Greek language, Greek) as the native name of a people opposite the Iberian Peninsula. This appel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Char Bouba War
The Char Bouba war (variously transliterated as Sharr Bubba, Shar Buba), also known as the Mauritanian Thirty Years' War or the Marabout War, took place between 1644 and 1674 in the tribal areas of what is today Mauritania and Western Sahara as well as in the Senegal river valley. It was fought between the Sanhadja Berber tribes and Muslim populations in the river valley, led by Lamtuna Imam Nasr ad-Din, on one hand; and the Maqil Arab immigrant tribes, foremost of which was the Beni Hassan, as well as the traditional aristocracies of the Wolof states on the other, supported by the French. The war was led by Sidi Ibrahim Al Aroussi, son of the famous Cheikh Sidi Ahmed Al Aroussi (died in 1593, near to Smara, in Western Sahara). Al Aroussi, with his two sons Shanan Al Aroussi and Sidi Tounsi Al Aroussi, led a powerful force of the Hassani tribe, the Aroussi Army, to conquer the Berber Imarat in current Mauritania and gain access to Bilad as-Sudan ("''the Land of the Blacks''", i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
