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King Of Afghanistan
The Emir of Afghanistan or also later the King of Afghanistan was the monarch and head of state of Afghanistan from the establishment of the Emirate of Afghanistan, Emirate in the 18th century until the monarchy was abolished in 1973. The title was held by various dynasties, most notably the Barakzai dynasty, with King Mohammad Zahir Shah being the last reigning monarch. The monarchy played a central role in Afghanistan's political history, balancing tribal, religious, and international influences. Monarchs Hotak dynasty, Hotak Empire (1709–1738) Durrani Empire (1747–1823) Emirate of Afghanistan, Emirate of Kabul / Emirate of Afghanistan (1823–1926) Kingdom of Afghanistan (1926–1929) Emirate of Afghanistan (1929), Saqqawist Emirate and the Afghan Civil War (1928–1929), 1928–1929 civil war Kingdom of Afghanistan (restored; 1929–1973) Local monarchs Some rulers tried to take advantage of internal conflicts in Afghanistan to claim the throne. Ho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flag Of Afghanistan
The national flag of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (; ), adopted on 15 August 2021 due to the Taliban's victory in the 2001–2021 war, features a white field with a black ''Shahada'' inscribed. Since the 20th century, Afghanistan has changed its national flag several times. The national flag had black, red and green colours most of the time during the period. In contrast, the tricolour flag of the internationally recognized Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, still in use internationally, consists of three vertical stripes in black, red and green, with the national emblem at the centre in white. This emblem is encircled by sheaves of wheat and encompasses several elements: a ''Shahada'', a ''Takbir'', rays of the sun, a mosque with a ''mihrab'' and ''minbar'', two miniature Afghan flags, the year 1298 in the Solar Hijri calendar (corresponding to 1919 in the Gregorian calendar), and the name of the nation. A version of this tricolour flag, introduced by King Amanullah Khan i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nader Shah
Nader Shah Afshar (; 6 August 1698 or 22 October 1688 – 20 June 1747) was the founder of the Afsharid dynasty of Iran and one of the most powerful rulers in Iranian history, ruling as shah of Iran (Persia) from 1736 to 1747, when he was assassinated during a rebellion. He fought numerous campaigns throughout the Middle East, the Caucasus, Central Asia, and South Asia, emerging victorious from the battles of Herat, Mihmandust, Murche-Khort, Kirkuk, Yeghevārd, Khyber Pass, Karnal, and Kars. Because of his military genius,The Sword of Persia: Nader Shah, from Tribal Warrior to Conquering Tyrant "Nader commanded the most powerful military force in Asia, if not the world" (quote from publisher's summary) some historians have described him as the '' |
Shah Shuja Durrani
Shah Shuja Durrani (Pashto/ Persian: ; November 1785 – 5 April 1842) was the ruler of the Durrani Empire from 1803 to 1809. He then ruled from 1839 until his death in 1842. A son of Timur Shah Durrani, Shuja was of the Saddozai line of the Abdali clan of Pashtuns. He became the fifth King of the Durrani Empire. Life First reign Shuja was the governor of Herat and Peshawar from 1798 to 1801. He proclaimed himself King of Afghanistan in October 1801 (after the deposition of his brother Zaman Shah), but only properly ascended to the throne on July 13, 1803. In Afghanistan, a blind man by tradition cannot be Emir, and so Shuja's step-brother Mahmud Shah had Zaman blinded, however not killed. After coming to power in 1803, Shuja ended the blood feud with the powerful Barakzai family and also forgave them. To create an alliance with them, he married their sister Wafa Begum. In 1809, Shuja allied Afghanistan with British India, as a means of defending against an invasion of Afg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dost Mohammad Khan
Dost Mohammad Khan Barakzai (Pashto/; 23 December 1792 – 8 June 1863), nicknamed the Amir-i Kabir, was the founder of the Barakzai dynasty and one of the prominent rulers of Afghanistan during the First Anglo-Afghan War. With the decline of the Durrani dynasty, he became the Emir of Afghanistan in 1826. An ethnic Pashtun, he belonged to the Barakzai tribe. He was the 11th son of Payinda Khan, chief of the Barakzai Pashtuns, who was killed in 1799 by King Zaman Shah Durrani. At the beginning of his rule, the Afghans lost their former stronghold of Peshawar Valley in March 1823 to the Sikh Khalsa Army of Ranjit Singh at the Battle of Nowshera. The Afghan forces in the battle were led by Azim Khan, half-brother of Dost Mohammad Khan. By the end of his reign, he had reunited the principalities of Kandahar and Herat with Kabul. Dost had ruled for a lengthy 36 years, a span exceeded only by Zahir Shah more than a century later. A brilliant strategist, and ruthless fight ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sultan Mohammad Khan
Sultan Mohammad Khan (Pashto/ Persian: ; 1795 – 1861), also known as Ghazi Sardar Sultan Mohammad Talaei, and known by his epithet, Sultan Mohammad Khan the Golden, was an Afghan chief minister and regent. He was a powerful half-brother of Dost Mohammad Khan, the eventual ruler of Afghanistan who seized control of Kabul from him. Prior to and during the reign of Dost Mohammad Khan, Sultan Muhammad Khan Telai was chief minister and governor of various regions of Afghanistan, including Kabul, Peshawar and Kohat (the latter two part of Pakistan now). He was the first of the Musahiban, a Mohammadzai dynasty that began with him and ruled Afghanistan for more than 150 years, in various forms such as emir, king or president from 1823 to 1978. An ethnic Pashtun, Mohammad Khan Talaei was the 15th son of Sardar Payeida Khan (chief of the Barakzai tribe), who was killed in 1799 by Zaman Shah Durrani. Sultan Muhammad Khan's grandfather was Hajji Jamal Khan. Sultan Mohammad Khan's weal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ayub Shah Durrani
Ayub Shah Durrani (Persian language, Persian/Pashto: ), also known as Ayub Shah Abdali, son of Timur Shah Durrani, ruled Afghanistan from 1819 to 1823. He was an Afghans, Afghan from the Pashtuns, Pashtun ethnic group. He was the second oldest son of Timur Shah. He killed his brother Ali Shah Durrani for the throne. He only ruled four years, holding off his own brothers and the Barakzai and Indian tribes from nearby. He was imprisoned by the Barakzai dynasty and his brother took the throne, losing it shortly therreafter to the Barakzais. He was succeeded in 1823 by Dost Mohammad Khan, founder of the Barakzai dynasty. Death Ayub Shah Durrani died in 1837. References 1837 deaths 19th-century Afghan monarchs Emirs of Afghanistan Durrani dynasty, Ayub Shah Year of birth unknown Pashtun people 19th-century Afghan politicians 19th-century monarchs in Asia Fratricides {{CAsia-hist-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ali Shah Durrani
Ali Shah Durrani ( Persian: ) also known as Ali Shah Abdali, was ruler of the Durrani Empire from 1818 to 1819. He was a son of Timur Shah Durrani, an Afghan from the Pashtun ethnic group and the penultimate Durrani Emperor. He was strangled by his brother Shah Isma'il in 1818 or 1819. References 19th-century Afghan monarchs Emirs of Afghanistan Ali Shah Year of death unknown Year of birth unknown Pashtun people 19th-century Afghan politicians 19th-century monarchs in Asia {{CAsia-hist-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Herat (1793–1863)
The Principality of Herat (), the Emirate of Herat (), the Herat Khanate () or simply Herat () was a state in Afghanistan from 1793 to 1863, and one of the three main khanates that existed in 19th century Afghanistan (the others being the khanates of Emirate of Afghanistan, Kabul and Principality of Kandahar, Kandahar) after the breakup of the Durrani Empire. In 1793, Timur Shah Durrani died and Mahmud Shah Durrani, Mahmud Shah took control of Herat, making the town and the surrounding region independent. In 1801, the principality was revived by Firuz al-Din Mirza. Herat was prosperous under his reign in spite of multiple invasions by Qajar Iran. In 1818, Mahmud and later Kamran Shah Durrani, Kamran Shah took over, attempting to keep the region stable as a buffer region between the Barakzai dynasty, Barakzais and Qajars. However, the region was devastated by constant infighting and further Iranian invasions. The Siege of Herat (1837–1838), Iranian invasion of 1837 weakened the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shah Shujah Durrani
Shah Shuja Durrani (Pashto/ Persian: ; November 1785 – 5 April 1842) was the ruler of the Durrani Empire from 1803 to 1809. He then ruled from 1839 until his death in 1842. A son of Timur Shah Durrani, Shuja was of the Saddozai line of the Abdali clan of Pashtuns. He became the fifth King of the Durrani Empire. Life First reign Shuja was the governor of Herat and Peshawar from 1798 to 1801. He proclaimed himself King of Afghanistan in October 1801 (after the deposition of his brother Zaman Shah), but only properly ascended to the throne on July 13, 1803. In Afghanistan, a blind man by tradition cannot be Emir, and so Shuja's step-brother Mahmud Shah had Zaman blinded, however not killed. After coming to power in 1803, Shuja ended the blood feud with the powerful Barakzai family and also forgave them. To create an alliance with them, he married their sister Wafa Begum. In 1809, Shuja allied Afghanistan with British India, as a means of defending against an invasion of Afg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mahmud Shah Durrani
Mahmud Shah Durrani (Pashto/ Persian: ); 1769 – 18 April 1829) was born prince and later ruler of the Durrani Empire (Afghanistan) between 1801 and 1803, and again between 1809 and 1818. From 1818 to 1829 he was the ruler of Herat. From an ethnic Sadduzai tribe section of the Popalzai sub-clan of the Durrani Pashtuns, he was the son of Timur Shah Durrani and grandson of Ahmad Shah Durrani. Reign Mahmud Shah Durrani was the half-brother of his predecessor, Zaman Shah. On July 25, 1801, Zaman Shah was deposed, and Mahmud Shah ascended to ruler-ship. He had a chequered career, being deposed in 1803, restored in 1809, and finally deposed again in 1818. Struggles with the Barakzais The elder brother of Dost Mohammad Khan, the chief of the Barakzai, Fateh Khan, took an important part in raising Mahmud Shah Durrani to the sovereignty of Afghanistan in 1800 and in restoring him to the throne in 1809. The son of Mahmud Shah Durrani, Shahzada Kamran Durrani, was always in trouble w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zaman Shah Durrani
Zaman Shah Durrani, or Zaman Shah Abdali ( Persian: ; 1767 – 1844) was the third King of the Durrani Empire from 1793 until 1801. An ethnic Pashtun of the Sadozai clan, Zaman Shah was the grandson of Ahmad Shah Durrani and the fifth son of Timur Shah Durrani. Early years Zaman Shah was born to Timur Shah Durrani. The year of his birth is disputed however. Fayz Muhammad gives 1767 as his year of birth, while Noelle-Karimi gives the year as 1770. Zaman Shah had always wanted to follow his father, Timur Shah Durrani with his conquests in Punjab, however Timur Shah Durrani did not allow it, and Zaman Shah very early grew interests of being like his grandfather, Ahmad Shah Durrani, as a child he had dreamt of conquering Hindustan, but his father did not allow Zaman Shah to accompany him on his campaigns. Zaman Shah Durrani took the Durrani throne in 1793 after his father's death. Reign Opposition When Zaman had taken the throne, he was opposed by many of his brothers, among ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Timur Shah Durrani
Timur Shah Durrani (; ;), also known as Timur Shah Abdali or Taimur Shah Abdali (December 1746 – 20 May 1793) was the second ruler of the Afghan Durrani Empire, from November 1772 until his death in 1793. An ethnic Pashtun, he was the second eldest son of Ahmad Shah Durrani. Early life (1746–1772) Timur Shah was born in December 1746, in Mashhad. He received the city of Sirhind as a wedding gift under his governorship, and was later given the title of Viceroy of Punjab, Kashmir and the Sirhind district in 1757 (when he was only 11 years old), by his father Ahmad Shah Durrani for one year, from May 1757 until April 1758. Ahmad Shah Durrani had immediately appointed Toryal Khan Afridi, the eldest son of his army's commander and his most trustworthy soldier, Awalmir Khan Afridi, to teach horseback riding and swordsmanship to Timur. Toryal Khan Afridi also had the responsibility for the safety and protection of Timur, so he continuously stayed with Timur in the royal palace. R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
