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Kidnapping And Murder Of Moro
The kidnapping and murder of Aldo Moro, also referred to in Italy as the Moro case (), was a seminal event in Italian political history. On the morning of 16 March 1978, the day on which a new cabinet led by Giulio Andreotti was to have undergone a confidence vote in the Italian Parliament, the car of Aldo Moro, former prime minister and then president of the Christian Democracy (Italy), Christian Democracy party (Italian: ''Democrazia Cristiana'', or DC, Italy's relative majority party at the time), was assaulted by a group of far-left terrorists known as the Red Brigades (Italian: ''Brigate Rosse'', or BR) in via Fani in Rome. Firing automatic weapons, the terrorists killed Moro's bodyguards — two ''Carabinieri'' in Moro's car and three policemen in the following car — and kidnapped him. The events remain a national trauma. Ezio Mauro of ''La Repubblica'' described the events as Italy's 9/11. While Italy was not the sole European country to experience extremist terrorism, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Years Of Lead (Italy)
The Years of Lead () were a period of political violence and social upheaval in Italy that lasted from the late 1960s until the late 1980s, marked by a wave of both far-left and far-right incidents of political terrorism and violent clashes. The Years of Lead are sometimes considered to have begun with the 1968 movement in Italy and the Hot Autumn strike action , strikes starting in 1969; the death of the policeman Antonio Annarumma in November 1969; the Piazza Fontana bombing in December of that year, which killed 17 and was perpetrated by right-wing terrorists in Milan; and the death shortly after of anarchist worker Giuseppe Pinelli while in police custody under suspicion of being responsible for the attack, which he was ultimately deemed as not having committed. A far-left group, the Red Brigades, eventually became notorious as a terrorist organization during the period; in 1978, they Kidnapping of Aldo Moro, kidnapped and assassinated former Italian prime minister Aldo Mor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Italian Communist Party
The Italian Communist Party (, PCI) was a communist and democratic socialist political party in Italy. It was established in Livorno as the Communist Party of Italy (, PCd'I) on 21 January 1921, when it seceded from the Italian Socialist Party (PSI), under the leadership of Amadeo Bordiga, Antonio Gramsci, and Nicola Bombacci. Outlawed during the Italian fascist regime, the party continued to operate underground and played a major role in the Italian resistance movement. The party's peaceful and national road to socialism, or the Italian road to socialism, the realisation of the communist project through democracy, repudiating the use of violence and applying the Constitution of Italy in all its parts, a strategy inaugurated under Palmiro Togliatti but that some date back to Gramsci, would become the leitmotif of the party's history. Having changed its name in 1943, the PCI became the second largest political party of Italy after World War II, attracting the support of a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fiat 132
The Fiat 132 is a large family car produced by the Italian automobile company Fiat from 1972 to 1981. An updated version of the 132, called the Argenta, was produced from 1981 to 1985. Fiat 132 (1972–1974) The 132 was introduced as a replacement for the Fiat 125 and like it, came with Fiat Twin Cam engines as standard. However, the Fiat 132 looked more like the larger top-of-the-range Fiat 130. Like the 125, the 132 came with a five-speed manual gearbox, optional in some markets and standard in others: this was still a relatively unusual feature in this class of car in 1977. GM "Strasbourg" automatic transmission was listed as an option. The first series of the 132 was available in two versions: 'normal' (only 1600 engine) and 'special' (1600 or 1800 engine). Fiat 132 (1974–1977) A major update to the front suspension was implemented for January 1974 in response to criticism of the handling and very low geared steering. Press reports of the time commend the improved ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barbara Balzerani
Barbara Balzerani (16 January 1949 – 4 March 2024) was an Italian terrorist as member of Red Brigades. Background Barbara Balzerani was born at Colleferro, in the province of Rome on 16 January 1949. She died on 4 March 2024, at the age of 75. Career In the 1970s Balzerani became a leader of the Red Brigades (Italian ''Brigate Rosse'', or BR, which she had joined in 1975) in Rome. She took part in several killings, such as that of Girolamo Minervini and the assassination of Aldo Moro's escort in Via Fani (1978). After the arrest of BR's national leader Mario Moretti in 1981, she unsuccessfully tried to handle the split in the organization, becoming a leader of the "Brigate Rosse - Partito Comunista Combattente", while Giovanni Senzani led the other faction, the "BR - Partito Guerriglia". During the detention of Aldo Moro, she occupied, together with Moretti, the BR base in Via Gradoli in Rome. The base was discovered due to a water leak, allegedly caused by a tap left op ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alessio Casimirri
Alessio Casimirri (born 2 August 1951) is an Italian terrorist, former member of the Red Brigades (BR), currently fugitive. Casimirri was born in Rome. His mother was a Vatican City citizen, and his father had worked for the Vatican newspaper ''L'Osservatore Romano'' and as the public relations man for three Popes. After a militancy in Potere Operaio and other left organizations in Rome, he entered the Red Brigades. He was condemned ''in absentia'' to life imprisonment for the assassination of Aldo Moro's escort in 1978. In 1980 he abandoned the BR and subsequently fled abroad, reaching Nicaragua after a period in Libya and Cuba. In the Central American country he participated in the Sandinist guerrilla against the Contras. Together with other Italian expatriates, he opened a restaurant in Managua Managua () is the capital city, capital and largest city of Nicaragua, and one of the List of largest cities in Central America, largest cities in Central America. Located on the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alvaro Lojacono
Alvaro Lojacono (born 7 May 1955) is an Italians, Italian former communist militant and terrorist. Early life Lojacono was born in Milan, Italy on 7 May 1955 to parents physician, doctor Giuseppe Lojacono, a Italian Communist Party, Communist Party member, and Ornella Baragiola, a Swiss people, Swiss citizen. When he was three years old, Lojacono's family moved to Rome, where he entered the Swiss elementary school of the city. In 1960, his parents separated without a divorce. He followed, along with his sister Silvana, their mother first to Ticino, then to Savosa, and eventually to Rimini, where Ornella Baragiola worked as the manager of the Italian-Swiss cultural center. After being ejected from Florence's Guido Castelnuovo, Castelnuovo scientific high school, Lojacono returned to his father in Rome and enrolled in an arts school, where he became engaged in left-wing activism. Armed militancy Lojacono soon gravitated towards the radical-left, autonomist organization ''Autonomia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fiat 128
The Fiat 128 is a transverse front-engine, front wheel drive small family car manufactured and marketed by Fiat from 1969 to 1985 as a two- or four-door sedan, three- or five-door station wagon as well as two- or three-door coupé. The 128 running gear and engine, reconfigured for a mid-engined layout, were used in the Fiat X1/9 sports car. With engineering by Dante Giacosa and engine design by Aurelio Lampredi, the 128 was noted for its relatively roomy passenger and cargo volume — enabled by a breakthrough innovation to the front-engine, front-drive layout which became the layout "adopted by virtually every other manufacturer in the world" for front-wheel drive. Fiat promoted in its advertising that mechanical features consumed only 20% of the vehicle's volume. Named European Car of the Year in 1970, over three million were ultimately manufactured. In 2012 automotive journalist Jamie Kitman called the 128 a "pioneer of the small cars we drive today." Development W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mario Moretti
Mario Moretti (born 16 January 1946) is an Italian terrorist and convicted murderer. A leading member of the Red Brigades in the late 1970s, he was one of the kidnappers of Aldo Moro, the president of Italy's largest political party ''Democrazia Cristiana'' (Christian Democracy), and several times premier. In 1978, Moretti confessed to killing Moro. Biography Moretti was born in Porto San Giorgio, Marche region of Italy, into a middle-class, right-wing, family. Later Moretti tried to fabricate for himself a leftist and proletarian family environment, but the documents collected by the Italian Parliament's commission into the assassination of Aldo Moro later denied this reconstruction. Recommended by an Italian noblewoman, Anna Casati Stampa, he moved to Milan in 1968 to work and to study at the ''Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore''. Moretti did not take part in the upheaval of 1968. In Milan, Moretti worked at Sit-Siemens, where he met , Giorgio Semeria and , future memb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Friendly Fire
In military terminology, friendly fire or fratricide is an attack by belligerent or neutral forces on friendly troops while attempting to attack enemy or hostile targets. Examples include misidentifying the target as hostile, cross-fire while engaging an enemy, long range ranging errors or inaccuracy. Accidental fire not intended to attack enemy or hostile targets, and deliberate firing on one's own troops for disciplinary reasons is not called friendly fire,Regan, Geoffrey (2002) ''Backfire: a history of friendly fire from ancient warfare to the present day'', Robson Books and neither is unintentional harm to civilian or neutral targets, which is sometimes referred to as collateral damage. Training accidents and bloodless incidents also do not qualify as friendly fire in terms of casualty reporting. Use of the term ''friendly'' in a military context for allied personnel started during the First World War, often when shells fell short of the targeted enemy. The term ''friend ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alitalia
Alitalia - Società Aerea Italiana S.p.A., operating as Alitalia (), was an Italian airline which was once the flag carrier and largest airline of Italy. The company had its head office in Fiumicino, in the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital. The airline was owned by the Government of Italy as a Nationalization, nationalized business from its founding in 1946 until it was Privatization, privatized in 2009. However, it struggled with profitability whilst operating as a private company, including failed negotiations to sell to other private parties. The airline entered extraordinary Administration (law), administration in 2017 following many years of financial losses. The Italian government eventually took back ownership of the airline in March 2020. The airline operated a fleet of Airbus A319-100, Airbus A320-200, Airbus A321-100, Airbus A330-200, and Boeing 777-200ER aircraft to over 34 scheduled domestic, European and intercontinental destinations. The airline operated from it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Editori Riuniti
Editori Riuniti is an Italian publishing house based in Rome that publishes books and magazines on the history of socialism, socialist thought, physics and mathematics theory, and the history of Central and Eastern Europe and the Balkans. History Editori Riuniti was founded in 1953 by the merger of the Italian Communist Party's two existing publishing houses, 's Edizioni Rinascita and 's Edizioni di Cultura Sociale. Bonchio became head of the new publishing house and initiated, in its first decade, a period of expansion. Editori Riuniti began publishing its flagship magazines, which were initially edited by Bonchio and Gerratana until Bruno Munari contributed to their graphic design. The publishing house also began important partnerships with European intellectuals like Maurice Dobb, Louis Althusser, Eric Hobsbawm, and Roberto Longhi. In the 1970s, Editori Riuniti published the ''Opere complete di Marx e Engels'' and the 11-volume encyclopedia ''Ulisse'', under the direction ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
VIa Mario Fani Angolo Via Stresa 01
Via or VIA may refer to the following: Arts and entertainment * ''Via'' (Volumes album), 2011 * Via (Thalia Zedek album), 2013 * VIA (music), Soviet and Russian term for a music collective Businesses and organisations * Via Foundation, a Czech charitable foundation * VIA Programs (Volunteers In Asia), an American non-profit organization * VIA Technologies, a Taiwanese manufacturer of electronics * VIA University College, a Danish university college * VIA Vancouver Institute for the Americas, a Canadian education organization * Volunteers in Africa Foundation, an American non-profit organization *VIA, stock ticker for: **Viacom (1952–2006) ** Viacom (2005–2019) * Vià, a French television network Transportation * VIA Metropolitan Transit, in San Antonio, Texas, U.S. * Via Rail, rail operator in Canada * Via Transportation, a global transportation technology company * Air VIA, a former Bulgarian airline * VIA Airways, a Bulgarian airline, now Fly2Sky Airlines * Via Airl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
