|
Kampo Herb List
''Kampō'' (or ''Kanpō'', 漢方) medicine is the Japanese study and adaptation of traditional Chinese medicine. In 1967, the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare approved four ''kampo'' medicines for reimbursement under the National Health Insurance (NHI) program. In 1976, 82 kampo medicines were approved by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. Currently, 148 ''kampo'' medicines are approved for reimbursement. The 14th edition of the ''Japanese Pharmacopoeia'' (JP) (日本薬局方 Nihon yakkyokuhō) lists 165 herbal ingredients that are approved to be used in ''kampo'' remedies. Tsumura (ツムラ) is the leading maker making 128 of the 148 kampo medicines. The "count" column shows in how many of these 128 formulae the herb is found. The most common herb is Glycyrrhizae Radix (Chinese liquorice root). It is in 94 of the 128 Tsumura formulae. Other common herbs are Zingiberis Rhizoma (ginger) (51 of 128 formulae) and Paeoniae Radix (Chinese peony root) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japan
Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea in the south. The Japanese archipelago consists of four major islands—Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu—and List of islands of Japan, thousands of smaller islands, covering . Japan has a population of over 123 million as of 2025, making it the List of countries and dependencies by population, eleventh-most populous country. The capital of Japan and List of cities in Japan, its largest city is Tokyo; the Greater Tokyo Area is the List of largest cities, largest metropolitan area in the world, with more than 37 million inhabitants as of 2024. Japan is divided into 47 Prefectures of Japan, administrative prefectures and List of regions of Japan, eight traditional regions. About three-quarters of Geography of Japan, the countr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aconitum
''Aconitum'' (), also known as aconite, monkshood, wolfsbane, leopard's bane, devil's helmet, or blue rocket, is a genus of over 250 species of flowering plants belonging to the family (biology), family Ranunculaceae. These herbaceous perennial plants are chiefly native plant, native to the mountainous parts of the Northern Hemisphere in North America, Europe, and Asia, growing in the moisture-retentive but well-draining soils of mountain meadows. Most ''Aconitum'' species are extremely poisonous and must be handled very carefully. Several ''Aconitum'' Hybrid (biology), hybrids, such as the Arendsii form of ''Aconitum carmichaelii'', have won gardening awards—such as the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. Some are used by florists. Etymology The name ''aconitum'' comes from the Greek word , which may derive from the Greek ''akon'' for dart (missile), dart or javelin, the tips of which were poisoned with the substance, or from ''akonae'', because of the ro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arisaema
''Arisaema'' is a large and diverse genus of the flowering plant family Araceae. The largest concentration of species is in China and Japan, with other species native to other parts of southern Asia as well as eastern and central Africa, Mexico and eastern North America. Asiatic species are often called cobra lilies, while western species are often called jack-in-the-pulpit; both names refer to the distinctive appearance of the flower, which consists of an erect central spadix rising from a spathe. Classification and relationships The closest relatives of ''Arisaema'' appear to be '' Pinellia'' and '' Typhonium'' (although the latter as defined in 2004 seems to be paraphyletic, having given rise to ''Arisaema'' and other genera). One unusual trait shared by all ''Arisaema'' species, and not those of other genera, is the ''sex change or act of Sequential hermaphroditism.'' ''Arisaema'' plants are typically male when small, and female or hermaphroditic when large, with a single ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Areca Nut
The areca nut ( or ) or betel nut () is the fruit of the areca palm (''Areca catechu''). The palm is originally native to the Philippines, but was carried widely through the tropics by the Austronesian migrations and trade since at least 1500 BCE due to its use in betel nut chewing. It is widespread in cultivation and is considered naturalized in much of the tropical Pacific (Melanesia and Micronesia), South Asia, Southeast Asia, and parts of east Africa. It is not to be confused with betel (''Piper betle'') leaves that are often used to wrap it. The practice of betel nut chewing, often together with other herbs as a stimulant drug, dates back thousands of years, and continues to the present day in many countries. Betel nut chewing is addictive due to the presence of the stimulant arecoline, and causes adverse health effects, mainly oral and esophageal cancers, and cardiovascular disease. When chewed with additional tobacco in its preparation (like in gutka), there is an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arctium Lappa
''Arctium lappa'', commonly called greater burdock, , edible burdock, lappa, beggar's buttons, thorny burr, or happy major is a Eurasian species of plants in the family Asteraceae, cultivated in gardens for its root used as a vegetable. It has become an invasive weed of high-nitrogen soils in North America, Australia, and other regions. Description Greater burdock is a biennial plant, rather tall, reaching as much as . It has large, alternating, wavy-edged cordiform leaves that have a long petiole and are pubescent on the underside. The flowers are purple and grouped in globular capitula, united in clusters. They appear in mid-summer, from July to September. The capitula are surrounded by an involucre made out of many bracts, each curving to form a hook, allowing the mature fruits to be carried long distances on the fur of animals. The fruits are achenes; they are long, compressed, with short pappus hairs. These are a potential hazard for humans, horses, and dogs. The minu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aralia Cordata
''Aralia cordata'' is an upright herbaceous perennial plant growing up to in height, native to Japan, Korea, Russian Far East, and eastern China. Its common names include spikenard, herbal aralia, ''udo'' (from ), Japanese spikenard, and mountain asparagus. It is commonly found on the slopes of wooded embankments. ''Aralia cordata'' is a species of ''Aralia'' in the family Araliaceae. The plant yields new shoots every spring, which are blanching (horticulture), blanched and then eaten as a vegetable. In Korea, the dried root of the plant has been traditionally used as medicine. The young shoots have a strong yet pleasant distinct aromatic flavor. In addition to food and medicinal use, the plant is cultivated as an ornamental. Description ''Aralia cordata'' is classified as a dicot and a eudicot. The leaf, leaves are alternate, large, and double to triple pinnate with leaflets long, and broad. The flowers are produced in large umbels of diameter in late summer, each flower sm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Angelica
''Angelica'' is a genus of about 90 species of tall Biennial plant, biennial and Perennial plant, perennial herbaceous, herbs in the family Apiaceae, native to temperate and subarctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere, reaching as far north as Iceland, Sápmi (area), Sápmi, and Greenland. They grow to tall, with large bipinnate leaf, leaves and large compound umbels of white or greenish-white flowers. It shows variations in fruit anatomy, leaf morphology, and subterranean structures. The genes are extremely polymorphic. Some species can be found in Purple moor grass and rush pastures, purple moor and rush pastures. Characteristics ''Angelica'' species grow to tall, with large bipinnate leaf, leaves and large compound umbels of white or greenish-white flowers. Their large, sparkling, starburst flowers are pollinated by a great variety of insects (the generalist pollination syndrome), the floral scents are species-specific, and even specific to particular subspecies. The ac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anemarrhena
''Anemarrhena'' is a plant genus in family Asparagaceae, subfamily Agavoideae. It has only one species, ''Anemarrhena asphodeloides'', native to China and Mongolia. Some authors have placed it in its own family, Anemarrhenaceae. Distribution The plant is native to China and Mongolia, occurring in the western half of China, from Yunnan to Northeast China. It has been introduced into Taiwan and Korea. Traditional medicine The plant name in China is ''zhīmǔ'' (知母) and its rhizome is used in traditional Chinese medicine Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an alternative medicine, alternative medical practice drawn from traditional medicine in China. A large share of its claims are pseudoscientific, with the majority of treatments having no robust evidence ....Ya, Wang, Feng Fang, and Wang Zhe. "Determination Of Selected Elements In Aqueous Extractions Of A Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula By ICP-MS And FAAS: Evaluation Of Formula Rationality." ''Analytical Lett ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amomum
''Amomum'' is a genus of plants containing about 111 species native to China, the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, New Guinea, and Queensland. It includes several species of cardamom. Plants of this genus are remarkable for their pungency and aromatic properties. Among ancient writers, the name ''amomum'' was ascribed to various odoriferous plants that cannot be positively identified today. The word derives from Latin ''amomum'', which is the latinisation of the Greek ἄμωμον (''amomon''), a kind of an Indian spice plant. Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus Digital Library Edmund Roberts noted on his 1834 trip to China ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Galangal
Galangal () is a rhizome of plants in the ginger family Zingiberaceae, with culinary and medicinal uses originating in Indonesia. It is one of four species in the genus ''Alpinia'', and is known for its pungent, aromatic flavor. Greater galangal (''Alpinia galanga'') is most commonly used, and is similar to ginger and turmeric. It is native to South Asia and Southeast Asia. Lesser galangal (''Alpinia officinarum'') and other types are also used, though less frequently. In traditional medicine, galangal is used to treat various ailments. It is a common ingredient in Thai, Indonesian, and Malaysian cuisine, and is also used in some traditional Chinese medicine. Differentiation The word ''galangal'', or its variant ''galanga'' or archaically ''galingale'', can refer in common usage to the aromatic rhizome of any of four plant species in the Zingiberaceae (ginger) family, namely: * ''Alpinia galanga'', also called ''greater galangal'', ''lengkuas'', ''Siamese ginger'' or ''laos' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alisma Orientale
''Alisma orientale'', commonly known as Asian water plantain is a flowering plant species in the genus ''Alisma'' found in Asia. ''Alisma orientale'' is sometimes treated as a variety of ''Alisma plantago-aquatica'' (''Alisma plantago-aquatica'' var. ''orientale''). The rhizomes of ''A. orientale'' have been used as a traditional Chinese medicine, ''ze xie''. However, it may have serious side effects or even toxic effects such as hepatotoxicity Hepatotoxicity (from ''hepatic toxicity'') implies chemical-driven liver damage. Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a cause of acute and chronic liver disease caused specifically by medications and the most common reason for a drug to be withdr .... The rhizome of the plant is also a herb used in kampo Japanese medicine. The seed contains cis-aconitic anhydride ethyl ester and cis-2,4,5-trihydroxycinnamic acid. References * Flora U.R.S.S. 1:281. 1933 External links * orientale Freshwater plants Flora of China Flor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alisma
''Alisma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Alismataceae, members of which are commonly known as water-plantains. The genus consists of aquatic plants with leaves either floating or submerged, found in a variety of still water habitats around the world (nearly worldwide). The flowers are hermaphrodite, and are arranged in panicles, racemes, or umbels. ''Alisma'' flowers have six stamens, numerous free carpels in a single whorl, each with 1 ovule, and subventral styles. The fruit is an achene with a short beak. The nineteenth century British art and social critic John Ruskin believed that the particular curve of the leaf-ribs of ''Alisma'' represented a model of ' divine proportion' and helped shape his theory of Gothic architecture. ("Patrick's leaf") is the Irish name for the water-plantain. It is reputed to ward off fairies. Water plantains are perennial plants. These herbs are usually emergent plants high. They have broad leaves that can be either tapered or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
