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Kalam Alhikmat Al-ilåhiyyah
''Ilm al-kalam'' or ''ilm al-lahut'', often shortened to ''kalam'', is the scholastic, speculative, or rational study of Islamic theology (''aqida''). It can also be defined as the science that studies the fundamental doctrines of Islamic faith (''usul al-din''), proving their validity, or refuting doubts regarding them. Kalām was born out of the need to establish and defend the tenets of Islam against the philosophical doubters, and to defend against heresy, heretical and Bid'ah, religious innovations (''bidʿah''). A scholar of ''kalam'' is referred to as a ''mutakallim'' (plural ''mutakallimun''), a role distinguished from those of Islamic philosophy, Islamic philosophers and fiqh, jurists. After its first beginnings in the late Umayyad Caliphate, Umayyad period, the Kalām experienced its rise in the early Abbasid Caliphate, Abbasid period, when the al-Mahdi, Caliph al-Mahdi commissioned Mutakallimūn to write books against the followers of Iranian religions, and the Bar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Cambridge
Cambridge ( ) is a List of cities in the United Kingdom, city and non-metropolitan district in the county of Cambridgeshire, England. It is the county town of Cambridgeshire and is located on the River Cam, north of London. As of the 2021 United Kingdom census, the population of the City of Cambridge was 145,700; the population of the wider built-up area (which extends outside the city council area) was 181,137. (2021 census) There is archaeological evidence of settlement in the area as early as the Bronze Age, and Cambridge became an important trading centre during the Roman Britain, Roman and Viking eras. The first Town charter#Municipal charters, town charters were granted in the 12th century, although modern city status was not officially conferred until 1951. The city is well known as the home of the University of Cambridge, which was founded in 1209 and consistently ranks among the best universities in the world. The buildings of the university include King's College Chap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
