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Jus Soli
''Jus soli'' ( or , ), meaning 'right of soil', is the right of anyone born in the territory of a state to nationality or citizenship. ''Jus soli'' was part of the English common law, in contrast to ''jus sanguinis'' ('right of blood') associated with the French Civil Code of 1804. ''Jus soli'' is the predominant rule in the Americas; explanations for this geographical phenomenon include: the establishment of lenient laws by past European colonial powers to entice immigrants from the Old World and displace native populations in the New World, along with the emergence of successful wars of independence movements that widened the definition and granting of citizenship, as a prerequisite to the abolishment of slavery since the 19th century. There are 35 countries that provide citizenship unconditionally to anyone born within its national borders. Some countries outside the Americas with mixed systems extend ''jus soli'' citizenship on a limited basis to children who are not ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jus Soli World
Jus or JUS may refer to: Language * Jussive mood, in grammar * Yus, two early Cyrillic letters * Jumla Sign Language, of Nepal (ISO 639-3:jus) Law * Jus (law), a right afforded to ancient Romans * Jus (canon law), a Roman Catholic custom Technologies * Japan-US (cable system), a sub-marine telecommunications cable * Jupiter Upper Stage, a NASA launch vehicle proposal Other uses * Jus Reservoir, Malacca, Malaysia * USA Jet Airlines, a cargo carrier (IATA:JUS) People with the given name ''Jus'' * Juš Kozak (1892–1964), Slovenian writer * Juš Milčinski, Slovenian theatre improviser * Jus Oborn (born 1971), British heavy metal musician See also * Au jus, in cooking, meat with sauce * IUS (other) * Ju (other) * Juice, liquid fruit * Jos (other) * Joos (other) * Juss (other) * JWS (other) {{disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Customary International Law
Customary international law consists of international legal obligations arising from established or usual international practices, which are less formal customary expectations of behavior often unwritten as opposed to formal written treaties or conventions. Along with general principles of law and treaties, custom is considered by the International Court of Justice, jurists, the United Nations, and its member states to be among the primary sources of international law. Many governments accept in principle the existence of customary international law, although there are differing opinions as to what rules are contained in it. A rule becomes customary international if two requirements are met: (1) There is a state practice that "appears to be sufficiently widespread, representative as well as consistent" showing that a significant number of states have used and relied on the rule in question and the concept has not been rejected by a significant number of states, (2) states we ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edward Coke
Sir Edward Coke ( , formerly ; 1 February 1552 – 3 September 1634) was an English barrister, judge, and politician. He is often considered the greatest jurist of the Elizabethan era, Elizabethan and Jacobean era, Jacobean eras. Born into an upper-class family, Coke was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, before leaving to study at the Inner Temple, where he was called to the Bar on 20 April 1578. As a barrister, he took part in several notable cases, including ''Slade's Case'', before earning enough political favour to be elected to Parliament, where he served first as Solicitor General for England and Wales, Solicitor General and then as Speaker of the House of Commons (United Kingdom), Speaker of the House of Commons. Following a promotion to Attorney General for England and Wales, Attorney General he led the prosecution in several notable cases, including those against Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, Robert Devereux, Walter Raleigh, Sir Walter Raleigh, and the Gun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calvin's Case
''Calvin's Case'' (1608), 77 ER 377, (1608) Co Rep 1a, also known as the ''Case of the Postnati'', was a 1608 English legal decision establishing that a child born in Scotland, after the Union of the Crowns under King James VI and I in 1603, was considered under the common law to be an English subject and entitled to the benefits of English law. ''Calvin's Case'' was eventually adopted by courts in the United States, and the case played an important role in shaping the American rule of birthright citizenship via ''jus soli'' ("law of the soil", or citizenship by virtue of birth within the territory of a sovereign state). Facts Under the feudal system, the allegiance owed to a king by his subjects—connected as it was to the holding of interests in land—ruled out the possibility of any given individual holding land in two different kingdoms. Robert Calvin, born in Scotland in November 1605, was granted estates in England, but his rights to that were challenged on the grounds ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Natural Law
Natural law (, ) is a Philosophy, philosophical and legal theory that posits the existence of a set of inherent laws derived from nature and universal moral principles, which are discoverable through reason. In ethics, natural law theory asserts that certain rights and moral values are inherent in human nature and can be understood universally, independent of enacted laws or societal norms. In jurisprudence, natural law—sometimes referred to as iusnaturalism or jusnaturalism, but not to be confused with what is called simply ''naturalism'' in legal philosophy—holds that there are objective legal standards based on morality that underlie and inform the creation, interpretation, and application of human-made laws. This contrasts with ''positive law'' (as in legal positivism), which emphasizes that laws are rules created by human authorities and are not necessarily connected to moral principles. Natural law can refer to "theories of ethics, theories of politics, theories of civil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford. It is the largest university press in the world. Its first book was printed in Oxford in 1478, with the Press officially granted the legal right to print books by decree in 1586. It is the second-oldest university press after Cambridge University Press, which was founded in 1534. It is a department of the University of Oxford. It is governed by a group of 15 academics, the Delegates of the Press, appointed by the Vice Chancellor, vice-chancellor of the University of Oxford. The Delegates of the Press are led by the Secretary to the Delegates, who serves as OUP's chief executive and as its major representative on other university bodies. Oxford University Press has had a similar governance structure since the 17th century. The press is located on Walton Street, Oxford, Walton Street, Oxford, opposite Somerville College, Oxford, Somerville College, in the inner suburb of Jericho, Oxford, Jericho. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
American Convention On Human Rights
The American Convention on Human Rights (ACHR), also known as the Pact of San José or by its Spanish name used in most of the signatory nations, ''Convención Americana sobre Derechos Humanos'', is an international human rights instrument. It was adopted by many countries in the Americas in San José, Costa Rica, on 22 November 1969. It came into force after the eleventh instrument of ratification (that of Grenada) was deposited on 18 July 1978. The bodies responsible for overseeing compliance with the Convention are the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, both of which are organs of the Organization of American States (OAS). Content and purpose According to its preamble, the purpose of the Convention is "to consolidate in this hemisphere, within the framework of democratic institutions, a system of personal liberty and social justice based on respect for the essential rights of man". Chapter I establishes the general obligat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aircraft Registration
An aircraft registration is a code unique to a single aircraft, required by international convention to be marked on the exterior of every civil aircraft. The registration indicates the aircraft's country of registration, and functions much like an automobile license plate or a ship registration. This code must also appear in its Certificate of Registration, issued by the relevant civil aviation authority (CAA). An aircraft can only have one registration, in one jurisdiction, though it is changeable over the life of the aircraft. Legal provisions In accordance with the Convention on International Civil Aviation (also known as the Chicago Convention), all civil aircraft must be registered with a civil aviation authority (CAA) using procedures set by each country. Every country, even those not party to the Chicago Convention, has an NAA whose functions include the registration of civil aircraft. An aircraft can only be registered once, in one jurisdiction, at a time. The NAA a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flag State
The flag state of a merchant vessel is the jurisdiction under whose laws the vessel is Ship registration, registered or licensed, and is deemed the nationality of the vessel. A merchant vessel must be registered and can only be registered in one jurisdiction, but may change the jurisdiction in which it is registered. The flag state has the authority and responsibility to enforce regulations over Watercraft, vessels registered under its flag, including those relating to inspection, certification, and issuance of safety and Ship pollution, pollution prevention documents. As a ship operates under the laws of its flag state, these laws are applicable if the ship is involved in an Admiralty law, admiralty case. The term "flag of convenience" describes the business practice of Ship registration, registering a merchant ship in a state other than that of the ship's owners, and flying that state's civil ensign on the ship. Ships may be registered under flags of convenience to reduce operati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stateless Person
Stateless may refer to: Society * Anarchism, a political philosophy opposed to the institution of the state * Stateless communism, which Karl Marx predicted would be the final phase of communism * Stateless nation, a group of people without a nation-state * Stateless society, a society that is not governed by a state * Statelessness, the legal and social concept applicable to persons who are not citizens or subjects of any state Computing * State (computer science), relating to the configuration of information * Stateless protocol A stateless protocol is a communication protocol in which the receiver must not retain session state from previous requests. The sender transfers relevant session state to the receiver in such a way that every request can be understood in isolatio ..., a communications protocol that treats each request as an independent transaction that is unrelated to any previous request * Stateless firewall, that treats each network frame (or packet) in isola ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Convention On The Reduction Of Statelessness
The Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness is a 1961 United Nations multilateral treaty whereby sovereign states agree to reduce the incidence of statelessness. The convention was originally intended as a Protocol to the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, while the 1954 Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons was adopted to cover stateless persons who are not refugees and therefore not within the scope of the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees. Statelessness prior to World War II One case of statelessness was identified in the ''Protocol relating to a Certain Case of Statelessness'' at the League of Nations Codification Conference, 1930 in The Hague: "In a State whose nationality is not conferred by the mere fact of birth in its territory, a person born in its territory of a mother possessing the nationality of that State and of a father without nationality or of unknown nationality shall have the nationality of the said State." ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CRS Members
CRS may refer to: Organisations Government related * Career Retention Specialist, a Marine responsible for enlisted retention in U.S. Marine Corps units * China Reconstruction Society, also known as the Blue Shirts Society, a Fascist clique and secret police or para-military force in the Republic of China between 1931 and 1938 * Commission of Railway Safety, rail safety authority in India * Common Reporting Standard, an OECD standard for exchange of information * Community Relations Service, United States Department of Justice branch for CR and civil rights * Compagnies Républicaines de Sécurité, the French riot-control force * Congressional Research Service, the public-policy arm of the United States Congress NGO or commercial * Catholic Relief Services, an American international humanitarian agency * Center for Resource Solutions, a nonprofit public agency in the United States * Classic Rock Society, a UK-based organisation to promote classic and progressive ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
