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Ji-samurai
The were lower-ranking provincial samurai that emerged in 15th-century Japan Muromachi period. The definition was rather broad and the term ''jizamurai'' included landholding military aristocracy as well as independent peasant farmers. They alternated between warfare and using their relatively small plots of land for intensive and diversified forms of agriculture. They came from the powerful , who owned farmland and held leadership positions in their villages, and became vassals of and later . One of the primary causes for the rise in the number of smaller landholders was a decline in the custom of primogeniture. Towards the end of the Kamakura period, inheritance began to be split among a ruler's sons, making each heir's holdings, and thus their power, smaller. Though many ''jizamurai'' were members of the military aristocracy, they were considered to be lower in status compared to the samurai who ruled in castles and cities. Over time, many of these smaller fiefs came to be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaga Ikki
The Kaga ''ikki'', also known as The Peasants' Kingdom, was a theocratic feudal confederacy that emerged in Kaga Province (present-day southern Ishikawa Prefecture), Japan, during the late 15th and early 16th centuries. The Kaga ''ikki'' was a faction of the Ikkō-ikki, a gathering of peasant farmers, monks, priests, and '' jizamurai'' (upper-ranking peasant warriors) that espoused belief in Jōdo Shinshū Buddhism. Though nominally under the authority of the head abbot of the Hongan-ji, the '' Monshu'', the ''ikkō-ikki'' proved difficult to control. During the Ōnin War, the ''ikki'' in Kaga, with the approval of the Monshu Rennyo, helped restore Togashi Masachika to the position of '' shugo'' (military governor). However, by 1474 the ''ikki'' fell into conflict with Masachika, and in late 1487, they launched the Kaga Rebellion. Masachika was overthrown, and Togashi Yasutaka, his uncle, took his place as ''shugo''. Under Yasutaka's son, Taneyasu, the Kaga ''ikki'' ass ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kōga-ryū
Kōga-ryū (甲賀流, "School of Kōga") is an umbrella term for a set of traditions of ninjutsu that originated from the region of Kōga (now the city Kōka in Shiga Prefecture). The samurai of Kōga-ryū were known as "Kōga-no-mono", and operated as '' shinobi'' throughout Japan's turbulent Sengoku period. History The beginnings of the Kōga-ryū may be traced to near the end of the Muromachi period. While the district of Kōga, in Ōmi Province, was under the jurisdiction of the Rokkaku clan, it was a kind of autonomous municipality, composed of localized unions called ''sō'' (). The Kōka ikki">Kōka confederacy called itself the Kōka-gun Chūsō (甲賀郡中惣, "General Assembly of Kōka District"). All important decisions in the municipality were made by a majority vote from the union representatives. This kind of system was uncommon for the period in question. At this time, the leaders of the Rokkaku clan, using Kannonji Castle as a base, started to steadily build up ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iga-ryū
is an umbrella term for ninjutsu traditions that come from the Iga region, according to Japanese legend. It became one of the two most well-known ninja traditions in Japan. The ''Iga-ryū'' traditions originated in the Iga Province in the area around the towns of Iga, Ueno, and Nabari (modern Iga City and Nabari City in Mie Prefecture). ''Iga-mono'' is a synonym for Iga ninja. History Since the Nara period, the Iga district had supplied lumber to jisha (寺社, temple-shrines). But in the Kamakura period, jisha declined in influence while shugo (governors) and jitō (manor administrators) grew dominant. The power of these functionaries then waned in Iga while that of bushi (warriors) rose instead. Iga was divided into local jizamurai regions locked in guerrilla war for which Iga warriors developed specialized skills and tactics. During the early Muromachi period, the people of Iga became independent of their feudal overlords and established a kind of republic—'' Iga Sokoku ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iga Ikki
The Iga ''ikki'', full name ''Iga Sokoku Ikki'', also known as the Iga Republic, Iga Confederacy, or Iga Commune, was a republic-style military confederation of ninjas (then known as ''shinobi'') based in Iga Province during the Sengoku period of Japan. One of the two major schools of ninjutsu, Iga-ryū, is attributed to and takes its name from this confederation. During the second half of the 15th century, the ninja families in Iga formed a military confederacy dedicated to the defense of the province. After centuries of rivalry with its northern neighbor, Kōka District, Shiga, Kōka District in Ōmi Province, eventually Iga worked closely with Iga–Kōka alliance, in alliance with Kōka. In the 16th century, a constitution was drafted based on principles of Defense pact, mutual defense and voluntary association. The confederacy produced legendary figures such as , , Hattori Hanzō, Tateoka Doshun, and Shimotsuge no Kizaru. The activities of Iga eventually drew the ire of the O ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yeoman
Yeoman is a noun originally referring either to one who owns and cultivates land or to the middle ranks of Serfdom, servants in an Peerage of England, English royal or noble household. The term was first documented in Kingdom of England, mid-14th-century England. The 14th century witnessed the rise of the yeoman English longbow, longbow Archery, archers during the Hundred Years' War, and the yeoman outlaws celebrated in the Robin Hood ballads. Yeomen joined the English Navy during the Hundred Years' War as Sailor, seamen and archers. In the early 15th century, yeoman was the rank of chivalry between Page (servant), page and squire. By the late 17th century, yeoman became a rank in the Royal Navy for the common seamen who were in charge of ship's stores, such as foodstuffs, gunpowder, and sails. References to the emerging social stratum of wealthy land-owning commoners began to appear after 1429. In that year, the Parliament of England re-organized the House of Commons of Englan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gentry
Gentry (from Old French , from ) are "well-born, genteel and well-bred people" of high social class, especially in the past. ''Gentry'', in its widest connotation, refers to people of good social position connected to Landed property, landed estates (see manorialism), upper levels of the clergy, or long established "gentle" families of noble descent, some of whom in some cases never obtained the official right to bear a coat of arms. The gentry largely consisted of landowners who could support themselves entirely from Renting#Rental investment, rental income or at least had a Estate (land), country estate; some were Gentleman farmer, gentleman farmers. In the United Kingdom ''gentry'' specifically refers to the landed gentry: the majority of the land-owning social class who typically had a coat of arms but did not hold a Peerages in the United Kingdom, peerage. The adjective "Patrician (post-Roman Europe), patrician" ("of or like a person of high social rank") describes comparabl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petty Nobility
The minor or petty nobility is the lower nobility classes. Finland Petty nobility in Finland is dated at least back to the 13th century and was formed by nobles around their strategic interests. The idea was more capable peasants with leader roles in the local community that were given tax exemption for taking care of services like guard duties of local strongholds. Cavalry service was not required from these petty noble families. Later on, many of these petty noble families gained full nobility ranking. Finnish '' Vehkalahti'' is particularly noted in literature for having been an example of such petty nobility (Finnish: ''knaappiaateli''). Georgia The ''aznauri'' (აზნაური) were the untitled nobility of medieval and early modern Georgia, ranked below the ''didebuli'' (grandees), '' eristavi'' (dukes), ''tavadi'' (princes), and '' mtavari'' (dynastic princes), with the ruling Bagrationi dynasty being at the top. They were further divided into the ''mamaseulni'' (� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ikkō-ikki
were armed military leagues that formed in several regions of Japan in the 15th-16th centuries, composed entirely of members of the Jōdo Shinshū sect of Buddhism. In the early phases, these ''ikki'' leagues opposed the rule of local Shugo, governors or ''daimyō'', but over time as their power consolidated and grew, they courted alliances with powerful figures in the waning Ashikaga Shogunate, until they were crushed by Oda Nobunaga in the 1580's. The Ikkō-ikki mainly consisted of priests, peasants, merchants and jizamurai, local military rulers who followed the sect, but they sometimes associated with non-followers of the sect. They were at first organized to only a small degree. However, during the reforms of the monshu Jitsunyo, and further under his grandson Shōnyo, the temple network allowed for more efficient and effective mobilization of troops when called for. The relationship between the Honganji temple and its patriarch the monshu was complicated: some monshu su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toho
is a Japanese entertainment company that primarily engages in producing and distributing films and exhibiting stage plays. It is headquartered in Chiyoda, Tokyo, and is one of the core companies of the Osaka-based Hankyu Hanshin Toho Group. Toho is best known for producing and distributing many of Ishirō Honda and Eiji Tsuburaya's ''kaiju'' and ''tokusatsu'' films as well as the films of Akira Kurosawa and the anime of Studio Ghibli, Shin-Ei Animation, TMS Entertainment, CoMix Wave Films, and OLM, Inc. The company has released the majority of the highest-grossing Japanese films, and through its subsidiaries, is the largest film importer in Japan. The Doraemon film series, distributed by Toho since 1980, is the highest-grossing film series and anime film series in Japan. It is also one of the highest-grossing non-English language film series. Toho Company Limited logo with full name in native language Toho's most famous creation is Godzilla, featured in 33 of the c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Princess Mononoke
is a 1997 Japanese animated historical drama, historical fantasy film written and directed by Hayao Miyazaki. Set in the Muromachi period of Japanese history, the film follows Ashitaka, a young Emishi prince who journeys west to cure his cursed arm and becomes embroiled in the conflict between Irontown and the forest of the gods, as well as the feud between Lady Eboshi and a human girl raised by wolves named San. Produced by Toshio Suzuki, animated by Studio Ghibli, and distributed by Toho, it stars the voices of Yōji Matsuda, Yuriko Ishida, Yūko Tanaka, Kaoru Kobayashi (actor), Kaoru Kobayashi, Masahiko Nishimura, Tsunehiko Kamijō, Akihiro Miwa, Mitsuko Mori, and Hisaya Morishige. Miyazaki began developing early concepts in 1980 and later considered basing a film on the Japanese literary classic the (1212); elements of both evolved substantially into the eventual film. After taking a break to direct ''On Your Mark''(1995), he led the production with a budget of , making it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hayao Miyazaki
is a Japanese animator, filmmaker, and manga artist. He co-founded Studio Ghibli and serves as honorary chairman. Throughout his career, Miyazaki has attained international acclaim as a masterful storyteller and creator of Anime, Japanese animated feature films, and is widely regarded as one of the most accomplished filmmakers in the history of animation. Born in Tokyo City, Miyazaki expressed interest in manga and animation from an early age. He joined Toei Animation in 1963, working as an inbetween artist and key animator on films like ''Gulliver's Travels Beyond the Moon'' (1965), ''Puss in Boots (1969 film), Puss in Boots'' (1969), and ''Animal Treasure Island'' (1971), before moving to Shin-Ei Animation, A-Pro in 1971, where he co-directed ''Lupin the Third Part I'' (1971–1972) alongside Isao Takahata. After moving to Zuiyo, Zuiyō Eizō (later Nippon Animation) in 1973, Miyazaki worked as an animator on ''World Masterpiece Theater'' and directed the television series ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oda Clan
The is a Japanese samurai family who were daimyo and an important political force in the unification of Japan in the mid-16th century. Though they reached the peak of their power under Oda Nobunaga and fell soon after, several branches of the family continued as daimyo houses until the Meiji Restoration. After the Meiji Restoration, all four heads of the houses of the clan were appointed viscounts in the new system of hereditary peerage. History Origins Oda Nobunaga first claimed that the Oda clan was descended from the Fujiwara clan, and later claimed descent from Taira no Sukemori of the Taira clan. According to the official genealogy of the Oda clan, after Taira no Sukemori was killed in the Battle of Dannoura in 1185, Taira no Chikazane, the son of Sukemori and a concubine, was entrusted to a Shinto priest at a Shinto Shrine in Otanosho in the Echizen province. This Chikazane became the founder of the Oda clan. According to modern theories, there is no evidence that t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
