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Insurgency In Punjab
The Insurgency in Punjab was an armed campaign by the separatists of the Khalistan movement from the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s. Economic and social pressures driven by the Green Revolution prompted calls for Sikh autonomy and separatism. This movement was initially peaceful, but foreign involvement and political pressures drove a heavy handed response from Indian authorities. The demand for a separate Sikh state gained momentum after the Indian Army's Operation Blue Star in 1984 aimed to flush out militants residing in the Golden Temple in Amritsar, a holy site for Sikhs. Terrorism, police brutality and corruption of the authorities greatly exacerbated a tense situation. By the mid-1980s, the movement had evolved into a militant secessionist crisis due to the perceived indifference of the Indian state in regards to mutual negotiations. Eventually, more effective police and military operations, combined with a policy of rapprochement by the Indian government and the election los ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Operation Blue Star
Operation Blue Star was a military operation by the Indian Armed Forces conducted between 1 and 10 June 1984 to remove Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale and other Sikh militants from the Golden Temple (Harmandir Sahib), a holy site of Sikhism, and its adjacent buildings. A long-standing movement advocating for greater political rights for the Khalsa, Sikh community had previously existed in the Indian state of Punjab, India, Punjab, and in 1973, Sikh activists presented the Indian government with the Anandpur Sahib Resolution, a list of demands for greater autonomy for Punjab. The resolution was rejected by the Indian government. In July 1982, Harchand Singh Longowal, the president of the Sikh political party Shiromani Akali Dal, invited Bhindranwale, who was wanted by authorities, to take up residence in the Golden Temple to evade arrest. Bhindranwale had organized killer squads to eliminate supposed enemies of Sikhism. From the Harmandir Sahib complex, Bhindranwale orchestrated mil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Surjit Singh Barnala
Surjit Singh Barnala (21 October 1925 – 14 January 2017) was an Indian politician who served as the 11th chief minister of Punjab state from 1985 to 1987. Following that he served as the governor of Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand, Andhra Pradesh, lieutenant governor of Andaman and Nicobar Islands and a Union Minister on handling various portfolios. Early life Barnala was born in Begpur Village in Ateli Tehsil, Haryana. Born of a well-to-do family (his father was a magistrate), Barnala passed law from Lucknow University in 1945. In Lucknow, he was involved in the Quit India Movement of 1942. Subsequently, he practised law for some years, and became politically active in the late 1960s, rising through the ranks of Akali Dal. Though, he first stood for election in 1952 but lost by a meagre 4 votes. Politics Barnala's first ministerial assignment was in 1969 when he has sworn in as education minister in the Justice Gurnam Singh Government and was instrumental in setting up ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arun Shridhar Vaidya
General Arunkumar Shridhar Vaidya (27 July 1926 – 10 August 1986) was an Indian Army general. He served as the 12th Chief of the Army Staff from 1983 to 1986. Following his retirement, he was assassinated by Harjinder Singh Jinda and Sukhdev Singh Sukha in August 1986, for his role in Operation Blue Star in 1984. Family and early life Vaidya was born in Bombay on 27 July 1926 to a Chandraseniya Kayastha Prabhu (CKP) family, the son of Shridhar Balkrishna Vaidya CIE, a barrister and sometime district collector of Surat, and his wife Indira. After his early education at Pune, Vaidya studied at Elphinstone High School in Bombay before joining Elphinstone College and later the M. T. B. Arts College at Surat, presumably transferring due to his father's posting there as district collector. At Elphinstone College, Vaidya joined the 1st Bombay Battalion of the University Training Corps (UTC) and was awarded Best Cadet in 1942 before transferring to the MTB College, where he als ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
General (India)
General is a Four-star rank, four-star general officer rank in the Indian Army. It is the highest active rank in the Indian Army. General ranks above the three-star rank of Lieutenant General (India), lieutenant general and below the five-star rank of Field marshal (India), field marshal, which is largely a war-time or ceremonial rank. A general may be referred to as a full general or four-star general to distinguish them from lower general officer ranks like Lieutenant General (India), lieutenant general and major general. The equivalent rank in the Indian Navy is Admiral (India), admiral and in the Indian Air Force is Air Chief Marshal (India), air chief marshal. As of 2024, there are two serving full generals in the Indian Armed Forces, General Anil Chauhan, the Chief of Defence Staff (India), Chief of Defence Staff and Chairman Chiefs of Staff Committee, Chairman, Chiefs of Staff Committee, and General Upendra Dwivedi, Upendra Dwiwedi, the Chief of the Army Staff (India), Chie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flag Of Indian Army
A flag is a piece of textile, fabric (most often rectangular) with distinctive colours and design. It is used as a symbol, a signalling device, or for decoration. The term ''flag'' is also used to refer to the graphic design employed, and flags have evolved into a general tool for rudimentary signalling and identification, especially in environments where communication is challenging (such as the Maritime flag, maritime environment, where Flag semaphore, semaphore is used). Many flags fall into groups of similar designs called flag families. The study of flags is known as "vexillology" from the Latin , meaning "flag" or "banner". National flags are patriotic symbols with widely varied interpretations that often include strong military associations because of their original and ongoing use for that purpose. Flags are also used in messaging, advertising, or for decorative purposes. Some military units are called "flags" after their use of flags. A ''flag'' (Arabic: ) is equival ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indian Army
The Indian Army (IA) (ISO 15919, ISO: ) is the Land warfare, land-based branch and largest component of the Indian Armed Forces. The President of India is the Commander-in-Chief, Supreme Commander of the Indian Army, and its professional head is the Chief of the Army Staff (India), Chief of the Army Staff (COAS). The British Indian Army, Indian Army was established on 1 April 1895 alongside the long established presidency armies of the East India Company, which too were absorbed into it in 1903. Some princely states maintained their own armies which formed the Imperial Service Troops which, along with the Indian Army formed the land component of the Armed Forces of the Crown of India, responsible for the defence of the Indian Empire. The Imperial Service Troops were merged into the Indian Army after Independence of India, independence. The units and regiments of the Indian Army have diverse histories and have participated in several battles and campaigns around the world, earnin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohammad Izhar Alam
Mohammad Izhar Alam (4 August 1948 – 6 July 2021) was the director general of police of the state of . According to a paper released from the US Embassy in New Delhi on 19 December 2005, during Alam's tenure as the head of the state police, h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inspector-general Of Police
An inspector-general of police is a senior police officer in the police force or police service of several nations. The rank usually refers to the head of a large regional command within a police service, and in many countries refers to the most senior officer of the entire national police. Bangladesh In Bangladesh, the Bangladesh Inspector General of Police heads the Bangladesh Police. Ghana In Ghana, Inspector General of Police is the title of the head of the Ghana Police Service. India During the British Colonial era, the British Parliament introduced the Indian Councils Act 1861 in India. The act created a new cadre of police, called Superior Police Services, later known as the Indian Imperial Police. The highest rank in the service was the Inspector General. This rank is equivalent to Joint Commissioner of police in metropolitan areas. Currently, in modern India, an inspector-general of police (IGP) is an officer from Indian Police Service (IPS). In a sta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kanwar Pal Singh Gill
Kanwar Pal Singh Gill (29 December 1934 – 26 May 2017) was an Indian Police Service (IPS) officer. He served twice as DGP for the state of Punjab, India, Punjab, India, where he is credited with having brought the Punjab insurgency under control. While many see him as a hero, there are accusations that he and the forces under his command were responsible for "multiple cases of human rights violation", "in the name of" stamping out terrorism. He was also convicted in a sexual harassment case. Gill retired from the IPS in 1995. Gill was an author, editor in chief, editor, public speaker, speaker, consultant on counter-terrorism, and served as president of the Institute for Conflict Management and president of the Indian Hockey Federation (IHF). Early life Gill was born on 29 December 1934 in Ludhiana, Punjab Province (British India), Punjab Province, British Raj, British India in the Jat Sikh family Rachpal Singh Gill and Amrit Kaur. He was educated at St. Edward's School, Shi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Julio Ribeiro (police Officer)
Julio Francis Ribeiro (born 5 May 1929, in Bombay) is a retired Indian police officer and civil servant. He held increasingly responsible positions during his career, and led the Punjab Police during part of the Punjab insurgency periods. In 1987, he was awarded the Padma Bhushan, India's third highest civilian award for his services. Career Ribeiro joined the Indian Police Service in 1953 and rose to be the Commissioner of Mumbai Police from 1982 to 1986. He was promoted to Director General of Central Reserve Police Force, then to Director General Police of Gujarat. Ribeiro served as Director General of Punjab Police during its worst years of terrorism in Punjab. The New York Times reported that in the 1980s, Ribeiro led the Punjab police in a "ferocious crackdown" on Sikh militants, in a policy christened "bullet for bullet" by Arun Nehru. He held positions such as Special Secretary to the Government of India in the Ministry of Home Affairs and Adviser to the Governor of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
