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Ink-jet
Inkjet printing is a type of computer printing that recreates a digital image by propelling droplets of ink onto paper or plastic substrates. Inkjet printers were the most commonly used type of printer in 2008, and range from small inexpensive consumer models to expensive professional machines. By 2019, laser printers outsold inkjet printers by nearly a 2:1 ratio, 9.6% vs 5.1% of all computer peripherals. The concept of inkjet printing originated in the 20th century, and the technology was first extensively developed in the early 1950s. While working at Canon in Japan, Ichiro Endo suggested the idea for a "bubble jet" printer, while around the same time Jon Vaught at Hewlett-Packard (HP) was developing a similar idea. In the late 1970s, inkjet printers that could reproduce digital images generated by computers were developed, mainly by Epson, HP and Canon. In the worldwide consumer market, four manufacturers account for the majority of inkjet printer sales: Canon, HP, Epson ...
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Iris Printer
An Iris printer is a large-format color inkjet printer designed for prepress proofing. It was introduced in 1985 by Iris Graphics, originally of Stoneham, Massachusetts, and is currently manufactured by the Graphic Communications Group of Eastman Kodak. It is also used in the fine art reproduction market as a final output digital printing press, as in Giclée. Prints produced by an Iris printer are commonly called Iris prints, Iris proofs or simply Irises. History The Iris printer was developed by Iris Graphics, Inc. originally of Stoneham, Massachusetts. Iris was founded in 1984 by two former employees of Applicon, Inc., Dieter Jochimsen and Craig Surprise, who had worked with Professor Helmuth Hertz of Lund University in Sweden, from whom Applicon had licensed the continuous-flow inkjet technology used in an Applicon-manufactured large-format printer. Jochimsen and Surprise were joined in founding Iris by John Oberteuffer and Richard Santos after being introduced by the U.S. ...
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Solid Ink
Solid ink (also known as hot melt ink) is a type of ink used in printer (computing), printing. Solid ink is a waxy, resin-based polymer that must be melted prior to usage, unlike conventional liquid inks. The technology is used most often in graphics and large-format printing environments where color vividness and cost efficiency are important. Design Solid ink technology utilizes solid ink sticks, crayons, pearls or granular solid material instead of the fluid ink or toner (printing), toner powder usually used in printers. Some types of solid ink printers use small spheres or pucks of solid ink, which are stored in a hopper before being transferred to the printing head by a worm gear or melted as needed. After the solid ink is loaded into the printer, it is melted and used to print images on paper or any substrate in a process that can be similar to offset printing or standard printing. Solid ink printers require heated printheads. Continuous Inkjet (CIJ) began the Solid ...
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Tissue Engineering
Tissue engineering is a biomedical engineering discipline that uses a combination of cells, engineering, materials methods, and suitable biochemical and physicochemical factors to restore, maintain, improve, or replace different types of biological tissues. Tissue engineering often involves the use of cells placed on tissue scaffolds in the formation of new viable tissue for a medical purpose, but is not limited to applications involving cells and tissue scaffolds. While it was once categorized as a sub-field of biomaterials, having grown in scope and importance, it can be considered as a field of its own. While most definitions of tissue engineering cover a broad range of applications, in practice, the term is closely associated with applications that repair or replace portions of or whole tissues (i.e. organs, bone, cartilage, blood vessels, bladder, skin, muscle etc.). Often, the tissues involved require certain mechanical and structural properties for proper functioning. ...
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Giclée
Giclée ( ) describes Digital printing, digital prints intended as fine art and produced by inkjet printers. The term is a neologism, ultimately derived from the French language, French word ''gicleur,'' coined in 1991 by Printmaking, printmaker Jack Duganne. The name was originally applied to fine art prints created on a modified Iris printer in a process invented in the late 1980s. It has since been used widely to mean any fine-art printing, usually archival, printed by inkjet. It is often used by artists, galleries, and print shops for their high quality printing, but is also used generically for art printing of any quality. Origins The word ''giclée'' was adopted by Jack Duganne around 1990. He was a printmaker working at Graham Nash#Nash Editions, Nash Editions. He wanted a name for the new type of prints they were producing on a modified Iris printer, a Large format (photography), large-format, Image resolution, high-resolution industrial prepress proofing inkjet printer ...
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Canon PIXMA TS207 Printer Picture
Canon or Canons may refer to: Arts and entertainment * Canon (fiction), the material accepted as officially written by an author or an ascribed author * Literary canon, an accepted body of works considered as high culture ** Western canon, the body of high culture literature, music, philosophy, and works of art that is highly valued in the West * Canon of proportions, a formally codified set of criteria deemed mandatory for a particular artistic style of figurative art * Canon (music), a type of composition * Canon (hymnography), a type of hymn used in Eastern Orthodox Christianity. * Canon (album), ''Canon'' (album), a 2007 album by Ani DiFranco * Canon (film), ''Canon'' (film), a 1964 Canadian animated short * Canon (manga), ''Canon'' (manga), by Nikki * Shakespeare's plays#Canonical plays, Canonical plays of William Shakespeare * The Canon (Natalie Angier book), ''The Canon'' (Natalie Angier book), a 2007 science book by Natalie Angier * The Canon (podcast), ''The Canon'' ( ...
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Micro Piezo Comparison
Micro may refer to: Measurement * micro- (μ), a metric prefix denoting a factor of 10−6 Places * Micro, North Carolina, town in U.S. People * DJ Micro, (born Michael Marsicano) an American trance DJ and producer * Chii Tomiya (都宮 ちい, born 1991), Japanese female professional wrestler, ring name Micro * Micro, Nishimiya Yūki (born 1980), Japanese musician, member of the pop band Def Tech Arts, entertainment, and media * Micro (comics), often known as Micro, a character in Marvel Comics * ''Micro'' (novel), techno-thriller by Michael Crichton, published posthumously in 2011 * Micro (Thai band), a Thai rock band formed in 1983 * '' IEEE Micro'', a peer-reviewed scientific journal * International Symposium on Microarchitecture, an academic conference focus on microarchitecture * Micromanagement (gameplay), the handling of detailed gameplay elements, such as individual units in realtime strategy games Brands and enterprises * Micro Cars, Sri Lankan automobile ...
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Ketones
In organic chemistry, a ketone is an organic compound with the structure , where R and R' can be a variety of carbon-containing substituents. Ketones contain a carbonyl group (a carbon-oxygen double bond C=O). The simplest ketone is acetone (where R and R' are methyl), with the formula . Many ketones are of great importance in biology and industry. Examples include many sugars (ketoses), many steroids, ''e.g.'', testosterone, and the solvent acetone. Nomenclature and etymology The word ''ketone'' is derived from ''Aketon'', an old German word for ''acetone''. According to the rules of IUPAC nomenclature, ketone names are derived by changing the suffix ''-ane'' of the parent alkane to ''-anone''. Typically, the position of the carbonyl group is denoted by a number, but traditional nonsystematic names are still generally used for the most important ketones, for example acetone and benzophenone. These nonsystematic names are considered retained IUPAC names, although some introd ...
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Volatility (chemistry)
In chemistry, volatility is a material quality which describes how readily a substance vaporizes. At a given temperature and pressure, a substance with high volatility is more likely to exist as a vapour, while a substance with low volatility is more likely to be a liquid or solid. Volatility can also describe the tendency of a vapor to condense into a liquid or solid; less volatile substances will more readily condense from a vapor than highly volatile ones. Differences in volatility can be observed by comparing how fast substances within a group evaporate (or sublimate in the case of solids) when exposed to the atmosphere. A highly volatile substance such as rubbing alcohol (isopropyl alcohol) will quickly evaporate, while a substance with low volatility such as vegetable oil will remain condensed. In general, solids are much less volatile than liquids, but there are some exceptions. Solids that sublimate (change directly from solid to vapor) such as dry ice (solid carbon di ...
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Rune Elmqvist
Rune Elmqvist (1 December 1906 – 15 December 1996) was a Swedish physician turned engineer who developed the first implantable pacemaker in 1958, working under the direction of Åke Senning, senior physician and cardiac surgeon at the Karolinska University Hospital in Solna, Sweden. Elmqvist was born in Lund, and received his MD in 1939. Elmqvist initially worked as a medical doctor (having trained in Lund), but later worked as an engineer and inventor. In 1927 he developed an electronic potentiometer to measure pH and in 1931 he developed a multichannel electrocardiograph. In 1940 he joined the electronics firm Elema-Schönander which would later become Siemens-Elema. In 1948, he developed the first inkjet ECG printer which he called the mingograph while working at Elema-Schönander. The first pacemaker was developed in the 1950s and it was tested by Dr Senning on patient Arne Larsson at the request of the patient's wife. It was implanted in a surgery on October 8, 1958. The p ...
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Siemens
Siemens AG ( ) is a German multinational technology conglomerate. It is focused on industrial automation, building automation, rail transport and health technology. Siemens is the largest engineering company in Europe, and holds the position of global market leader in industrial automation and industrial software. The origins of the conglomerate can be traced back to 1847 to the ''Telegraphen Bau-Anstalt von Siemens & Halske'' established in Berlin by Werner von Siemens and Johann Georg Halske. In 1966, the present-day corporation emerged from the merger of three companies: Siemens & Halske, Siemens-Schuckert, and Siemens-Reiniger-Werke. Today headquartered in Munich and Berlin, Siemens and its subsidiaries employ approximately 320,000 people worldwide and reported a global revenue of around €78 billion in 2023. The company is a component of the DAX and Euro Stoxx 50 stock market indices. As of December 2023, Siemens is the second largest German company by market ca ...
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Chart Recorder
A chart recorder is an electromechanical device that records an electrical or mechanical input trend onto a piece of paper (the chart). Chart recorders may record several inputs using different color pens and may record onto strip charts or circular charts. Chart recorders may be entirely mechanical with clockwork mechanisms, electro-mechanical with an electrical clockwork mechanism for driving the chart (with mechanical or pressure inputs), or entirely electronic with no mechanical components at all (a virtual chart recorder). Chart recorders are built in three primary formats. Strip chart recorders have a long strip of paper that is ejected out of the recorder. Circular chart recorders have a rotating disc of paper that must be replaced more often, but are more compact and amenable to being enclosed behind glass. Roll chart recorders are similar to strip chart recorders except that the recorded data is stored on a round roll, and the unit is usually fully enclosed. Chart record ...
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