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Indane
Indane or indan is an organic compound with the formula C9H10. It is a colorless liquid hydrocarbon. It is a petrochemical, a bicyclic compound. It occurs at the level of about 0.1% in coal tar. It is usually produced by hydrogenation of indene.Karl Griesbaum, Arno Behr, Dieter Biedenkapp, Heinz-Werner Voges, Dorothea Garbe, Christian Paetz, Gerd Collin, Dieter Mayer, Hartmut Höke "Hydrocarbons" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2002 Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. Derivatives Derivatives include compounds such as 1-methylindane and 2-methylindane (where one methyl group is attached to the five carbon ring), 4-methylindane and 5-methylindane (where one methyl group is attached to the benzene ring), and various dimethylindanes. Other derivatives can be obtained indirectly, e.g. the reaction of diethyl phthalate with ethyl acetate, using metallic sodium and ethanol as a catalyst. The reaction yields indanedione ethyl ester, which can react with the sodium ions yielding ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MDAI
MDAI, also known as 5,6-methylenedioxy-2-aminoindane, is an entactogen drug of the 2-aminoindane group which is related to MDMA and produces similar subjective effects. It acts as a selective serotonin and norepinephrine releasing agent (SNRA). The drug shows greatly reduced serotonergic neurotoxicity in comparison to MDMA in animals, although it still shows weak capacity for neurotoxicity with chronic use or in combination with amphetamine. MDAI was developed in the 1990s by a team led by David E. Nichols at Purdue University. It has been encountered as a designer drug and has been used recreationally with reported street names such as "sparkle" and "mindy". In addition to its recreational use, there has been interest in MDAI for potential use in medicine, for instance in drug-assisted psychotherapy. Uses Scientific research MDAI and other similar drugs have been widely used in scientific research, as they are able to replicate many of the effects of MDMA, but without c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Empathogen-entactogen
Entactogens, also known as empathogens or connectogens, are a class of psychoactive drugs that induce the production of experiences of emotional communion, oneness, connectedness, emotional openness—that is, empathy—as particularly observed and reported for experiences with MDMA. This class of drug is distinguished from the classes of hallucinogens or psychedelics and stimulants, although entactogens, for instance MDMA, can also have these properties. Entactogens are used both as recreational drugs and are being investigated for medical use in the treatment of psychiatric disorders, for instance MDMA-assisted therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Notable members of this class include MDMA, MDA, MDEA, MDOH, MBDB, 5-APB, 5-MAPB, 6-APB, 6-MAPB, methylone, mephedrone, αMT, αET, and MDAI, among others. Most entactogens are phenethylamines and amphetamines, although several, such as αMT and αET, are tryptamines. When referring to MDMA and its counte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
5-IAI
5-Iodo-2-aminoindane (5-IAI) is an entactogen drug of the 2-aminoindane group. Human anecdotal reports suggest that it is entactogenic but produces little euphoria or stimulation. The drug acts as a releasing agent of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. It produces much less serotonergic neurotoxicity than MDMA in animals. 5-IAI was developed in the 1990s by a team led by David E. Nichols at Purdue University. It has been encountered as a recreational designer drug but never gained widespread popularity. Effects The human dosage of 5-IAI has been described as 100 to 200mg and its duration of action as 2 to 4hours. Human anecdotal reports suggest that 5-IAI is entactogenic and that it increases sociability and trust. On the other hand, it is reported that 5-IAI produces very little euphoria and is far less stimulating than MDMA and other amphetamines. Relatedly, 2-aminoindanes like 5-IAI never gained widespread popularity as recreational drugs, probably due to thei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NM-2-AI
NM-2-AI, also known as ''N''-methyl-2-aminoindane, is a drug of the 2-aminoindane group that has been sold online as a designer drug. It is a rigid analogue of methamphetamine. NM-2-AI acts as a selective norepinephrine releasing agent, but also has affinity for several monoamine receptors. Pharmacology Pharmacodynamics NM-2-AI acts as a highly selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor and releasing agent ''in vitro'' and does not release serotonin or dopamine even at very high concentrations (100μM). NM-2AI has high affinity (2.4 μM ) as a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor but also has affinity as a TAAR1 receptor agonist (3.3 μM EC50), an Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor agonist (0.49 μM Ki) and as a binding agent at the 5-HT1A (3.6 μM Ki) and 5-HT2A (5.4 μM Ki) receptors. Pharmacokinetics Metabolism Scientists performed a study on NM2AI metabolism in silico and in vivo Studies that are ''in vivo'' (Latin for "within the living"; often not italicized in Englis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MDMAI
5,6-Methylenedioxy-''N''-methyl-2-aminoindane (MDMAI), is a drug of the 2-aminoindane group developed in the 1990s by a team led by David E. Nichols at Purdue University. It acts as a non-neurotoxic and highly selective serotonin releasing agent (SSRA) in animals and a putative entactogen in humans. Chemistry MDMAI can be thought of as a cyclised analogue of MDMA where the alpha-methyl carbon of the alkylamino side chain has been joined back round to the 6-position of the aromatic ring to form an indane ring system. This changes the core structure of the molecule from phenethylamine Phenethylamine (PEA) is an organic compound, natural monoamine alkaloid, and trace amine, which acts as a central nervous system stimulant in humans. In the brain, phenethylamine regulates monoamine neurotransmission by binding to trace ami ... to aminoindane, and causes the pharmacological properties of the two compounds to be substantially different. References {{DEFAULTSORT: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indene
Indene is an aromatic, polycyclic hydrocarbon with chemical formula . It is composed of a benzene ring fused with a cyclopentene ring. This flammable liquid is colorless although samples often are pale yellow. The principal industrial use of indene is in the production of indene/ coumarone thermoplastic resins. Substituted indenes and their closely related indane derivatives are important structural motifs found in many natural products and biologically active molecules, such as sulindac. Isolation Indene occurs naturally in coal-tar fractions boiling around 175–185 °C. It can be obtained by heating this fraction with sodium to precipitate solid "sodio-indene". This step exploits indene's weak acidity evidenced by its deprotonation by sodium to give the indenyl derivative. The sodio-indene is converted back to indene by steam distillation. Reactivity Indene readily polymerises. Oxidation of indene with acid dichromate yields homophthalic acid (''o''-carboxylpheny ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indene
Indene is an aromatic, polycyclic hydrocarbon with chemical formula . It is composed of a benzene ring fused with a cyclopentene ring. This flammable liquid is colorless although samples often are pale yellow. The principal industrial use of indene is in the production of indene/ coumarone thermoplastic resins. Substituted indenes and their closely related indane derivatives are important structural motifs found in many natural products and biologically active molecules, such as sulindac. Isolation Indene occurs naturally in coal-tar fractions boiling around 175–185 °C. It can be obtained by heating this fraction with sodium to precipitate solid "sodio-indene". This step exploits indene's weak acidity evidenced by its deprotonation by sodium to give the indenyl derivative. The sodio-indene is converted back to indene by steam distillation. Reactivity Indene readily polymerises. Oxidation of indene with acid dichromate yields homophthalic acid (''o''-carboxylpheny ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MDMA
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), commonly known as ecstasy (tablet form), and molly (crystal form), is an empathogen–entactogenic drug with stimulant and minor Psychedelic drug, psychedelic properties. In studies, it has been used alongside psychotherapy in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and social anxiety in Autism, autism spectrum disorder. The purported pharmacological effects that may be Prosocial behavior, prosocial include altered sensations, increased energy, empathy, and pleasure. When taken by mouth, effects begin in 30 to 45 minutes and last three to six hours. MDMA was first synthesized in 1912 by Merck Group, Merck chemist Anton Köllisch. It was used to enhance psychotherapy beginning in the 1970s and became popular as a street drug in the 1980s. MDMA is commonly associated with dance party, dance parties, raves, and electronic dance music. Tablets sold as ecstasy may be Cutting agent, mixed with other substances such as ephedr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Union Of Pure And Applied Chemistry
The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC ) is an international federation of National Adhering Organizations working for the advancement of the chemical sciences, especially by developing nomenclature and terminology. It is a member of the International Science Council (ISC). IUPAC is registered in Zürich, Switzerland, and the administrative office, known as the "IUPAC Secretariat", is in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States. IUPAC's executive director heads this administrative office, currently Greta Heydenrych. IUPAC was established in 1919 as the successor of the International Congress of Applied Chemistry for the advancement of chemistry. Its members, the National Adhering Organizations, can be national chemistry societies, national academies of sciences, or other bodies representing chemists. There are fifty-four National Adhering Organizations and three Associate National Adhering Organizations. IUPAC's Inter-divisional Committee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amphetamine
Amphetamine (contracted from Alpha and beta carbon, alpha-methylphenethylamine, methylphenethylamine) is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, and obesity; it is also used to treat binge eating disorder in the form of its inactive prodrug lisdexamfetamine. Amphetamine was discovered as a chemical in 1887 by Lazăr Edeleanu, and then as a drug in the late 1920s. It exists as two enantiomers: levoamphetamine and dextroamphetamine. ''Amphetamine'' properly refers to a specific chemical, the Racemic mixture, racemic free base, which is equal parts of the two enantiomers in their pure amine forms. The term is frequently used informally to refer to any combination of the enantiomers, or to either of them alone. Historically, it has been used to treat nasal congestion and depression. Amphetamine is also used as an Performance-enhancing substance, athletic performance enhancer and Nootropic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
