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Hydroperoxide
Hydroperoxides or peroxols are Chemical compound, compounds of the form ROOH, where R stands for any group, typically Organic compound, organic, which contain the hydroperoxy functional group (). Hydroperoxide also refers to the hydroperoxide anion () and its Salt (chemistry), salts, and the neutral hydroperoxyl, hydroperoxyl radical (•OOH) consist of an unbond hydroperoxy group. When R is organic, the compounds are called organic hydroperoxides. Such compounds are a subset of organic peroxides, which have the formula ROOR. Organic hydroperoxides can either intentionally or unintentionally initiate explosive polymerisation in materials with saturated bond, saturated chemical bonds. Properties The bond length in peroxides is about 1.45 Ångström, Å, and the angles (R = Hydrogen, H, Carbon, C) are about 110° (water-like). Characteristically, the dihedral angles are about 120°. The bond is relatively weak, with a bond dissociation energy of , less than half the strength ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide
''tert''-Butyl hydroperoxide (tBuOOH) is the organic compound with the formula (CH3)3COOH. It is one of the most widely used hydroperoxides in a variety of oxidation processes, like the Halcon process. It is normally supplied as a 69–70% aqueous solution. Compared to hydrogen peroxide and organic peracids, ''tert''-butyl hydroperoxide is less reactive and more soluble in organic solvents. Overall, it is renowned for the convenient handling properties of its solutions. Its solutions in organic solvents are highly stable. Application Industrially, ''tert''-butyl hydroperoxide is used to prepare propylene oxide. In the Halcon process, molybdenum-based catalysts are used for this reaction: :(CH3)3COOH + CH2=CHCH3 → (CH3)3COH + CH2OCHCH3 The byproduct t-butanol can be dehydrated to isobutene and converted to MTBE. On a much smaller scale, ''tert''-butyl hydroperoxide is used to produce some fine chemicals by the Sharpless epoxidation. Synthesis and production Many synt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Organic Peroxide
In organic chemistry, organic peroxides are organic compounds containing the peroxide functional group (). If the R′ is hydrogen, the compounds are called hydroperoxides, which are discussed in that article. The O−O bond of peroxides easily breaks, producing free radicals of the form (the dot represents an unpaired electron). Thus, organic peroxides are useful as radical initiator, initiators for some types of polymerization, such as the Acrylic resin, acrylic, unsaturated polyester, and vinyl ester resins used in glass-reinforced plastics. methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, MEKP and benzoyl peroxide are commonly used for this purpose. However, the same property also means that organic peroxides can explosively combust. Organic peroxides, like their inorganic counterparts, are often powerful bleaching agents. Types of organic peroxides Organic peroxides are classified (i) by the presence or absence of a hydroxyl () terminus and (ii) by the presence of alkyl vs acyl substituents. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cumene Hydroperoxide
Cumene hydroperoxide is the organic compound with the formula C6H5C(CH3)2OOH; this oily liquid is classified as an organic hydroperoxide. Products of decomposition of cumene hydroperoxide are methylstyrene, acetophenone, and 2-phenylpropan-2-ol. It is produced by treatment of cumene with oxygen, an autoxidation. At temperatures >100 °C, oxygen is passed through liquid cumene: : + O2 → Dicumyl peroxide is a side product. Applications Cumene hydroperoxide is an intermediate in the cumene process for producing phenol and acetone from benzene Benzene is an Organic compound, organic chemical compound with the Chemical formula#Molecular formula, molecular formula C6H6. The benzene molecule is composed of six carbon atoms joined in a planar hexagonal Ring (chemistry), ring with one hyd ... and propene. : Cumene hydroperoxide is a radical initiator for production of acrylates. Cumene hydroperoxide is involved as an organic peroxide in the production of propyl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Methyl Hydroperoxide
Methyl hydroperoxide is the organic compound with the formula CH3OOH. It is a volaltile colorless liquid. In addition to being of theoretical interest as the simplest organic hydroperoxide, methyl hydroperoxide is an intermediate in the oxidation of methane Methane ( , ) is a chemical compound with the chemical formula (one carbon atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms). It is a group-14 hydride, the simplest alkane, and the main constituent of natural gas. The abundance of methane on Earth makes .... When condensed or in concentrated form methyl hydroperoxide is rather explosive, unlike tertiary hydroperoxides such as tert-butylhydroperoxide. Its laboratory preparation was first reported in 1929. References {{Reflist Hydroperoxides Oxidizing agents Organic compounds with 1 carbon atom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Functional Group
In organic chemistry, a functional group is any substituent or moiety (chemistry), moiety in a molecule that causes the molecule's characteristic chemical reactions. The same functional group will undergo the same or similar chemical reactions regardless of the rest of the molecule's composition. This enables systematic prediction of chemical reactions and behavior of chemical compounds and the design of chemical synthesis. The Reactivity (chemistry), reactivity of a functional group can be modified by other functional groups nearby. Functional group interconversion can be used in retrosynthetic analysis to plan organic synthesis. A functional group is a group of atoms in a molecule with distinctive Chemical property, chemical properties, regardless of the other atoms in the molecule. The atoms in a functional group are linked to each other and to the rest of the molecule by covalent bonds. For repeating units of polymers, functional groups attach to their Chemical polarity, nonp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phosphite Ester
file:Phosphite.svg, The general structure of a phosphite ester showing the lone pairs on the P In organic chemistry, a phosphite ester or organophosphite usually refers to an organophosphorous compound with the formula P(OR)3. They can be considered as esters of an unobserved tautomer phosphorous acid, H3PO3, with the simplest example being trimethylphosphite, P(OCH3)3. Some phosphites can be considered esters of the dominant tautomer of phosphorous acid (HP(O)(OH)2). The simplest representative is dimethylphosphite with the formula HP(O)(OCH3)2. Both classes of phosphites are usually colorless liquids. Synthesis ;From PCl3 Phosphite esters are typically prepared by treating phosphorus trichloride with an Alcohol (chemistry), alcohol. For alkyl alcohols the displaced chloride ion can attack the phosphite, causing dealkylation to give a dialkylphosphite and an Organochlorine chemistry, organochlorine compound. The overall reaction is as follows: :PCl3 + 3 C2H5OH → (C2H5 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tert-Butyl Alcohol
''tert''-Butyl alcohol is the simplest tertiary alcohol, with a formula of (CH3)3COH (sometimes represented as ''t''-BuOH). Its isomers are 1-butanol, isobutanol, and butan-2-ol. ''tert''-Butyl alcohol is a colorless solid, which melts near room temperature and has a camphor-like odor. It is miscible with water, ethanol and diethyl ether. Natural occurrence ''tert''-Butyl alcohol has been identified in beer and chickpeas. It is also found in cassava, which is used as a fermentation ingredient in certain alcoholic beverages. Preparation ''tert''-Butyl alcohol is derived commercially from isobutane as a coproduct of propylene oxide production. It can also be produced by the catalytic hydration of isobutylene, or by a Grignard reaction between acetone and methylmagnesium chloride. Purification cannot be performed by simple distillation due to formation of an azeotrope with water, although initial drying of the solvent containing large amounts of water is performed by addin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hydroperoxyl
The hydroperoxyl radical, also known as the hydrogen superoxide, is the protonated form of superoxide with the chemical formula HO2, also written HOO•. This species plays an important role in the atmosphere and as a reactive oxygen species in cell biology. Structure and reactions The molecule has a bent structure. The superoxide anion, , and the hydroperoxyl radical exist in equilibrium in aqueous solution: : + + The p''K''a of HO2 is 4.88. Therefore, about 0.3% of any superoxide present in the cytosol of a typical cell is in the protonated form. It oxidizes nitric oxide to nitrogen dioxide: : + → + Reactive oxygen species in biology Together with its conjugate base superoxide, hydroperoxyl is an important reactive oxygen species. Unlike , which has reducing properties, can act as an oxidant in a number of biologically important reactions, such as the abstraction of hydrogen atoms from tocopherol and polyunstaturated fatty acids in the lipid bilayer. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bond Dissociation Energy
The bond-dissociation energy (BDE, ''D''0, or ''DH°'') is one measure of the strength of a chemical bond . It can be defined as the standard enthalpy change when is cleaved by homolysis to give fragments A and B, which are usually radical species. The enthalpy change is temperature-dependent, and the bond-dissociation energy is often defined to be the enthalpy change of the homolysis at 0 K (absolute zero), although the enthalpy change at 298 K ( standard conditions) is also a frequently encountered parameter. As a typical example, the bond-dissociation energy for one of the C−H bonds in ethane () is defined as the standard enthalpy change of the process : , : ''DH''°298() = Δ''H°'' = 101.1(4) kcal/mol = 423.0 ± 1.7 kJ/mol = 4.40(2) eV (per bond). To convert a molar BDE to the energy needed to dissociate the bond ''per molecule'', the conversion factor 23.060 kcal/mol (96.485 kJ/mol) for each eV can be used. A variety of experi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cumyl Alcohol
Cumyl alcohol, also called 4-isopropylbenzyl alcohol, is a liquid, hydroxy functional, aromatic organic chemical with formula C10H14O. It has the CAS Registry Number of 536-60-7 and the IUPAC name of (4-propan-2-ylphenyl)methanol. It is REACH registered with the EC number of 208-640-4. Uses The most common use is as a food additive to add flavor. The material also has insect repellent properties. Manufacture Hydrogenation of cuminal can produce cumyl alcohol. Other Cumyl alcohol is an undesired side reaction product when LDPE Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) is a thermoplastic made from the monomer ethylene. It was the first grade of polyethylene, produced in 1933 by John C. Swallow and M.W Perrin who were working for Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) using a high pr ... is crosslinked. LDPE is used as a plastic electric insulator for electrical power cables. The cumyl alcohol reduces the insulating properties. Alternative names Main sources of information. * p-Cymen-7-ol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Methanol
Methanol (also called methyl alcohol and wood spirit, amongst other names) is an organic chemical compound and the simplest aliphatic Alcohol (chemistry), alcohol, with the chemical formula (a methyl group linked to a hydroxyl group, often abbreviated as MeOH). It is a light, Volatility (chemistry), volatile, colorless and flammable liquid with a distinctive alcoholic odor similar to that of ethanol (potable alcohol), but is more acutely toxic than the latter. Methanol acquired the name wood alcohol because it was once produced through destructive distillation of wood. Today, methanol is mainly produced industrially by hydrogenation of carbon monoxide. Methanol consists of a methyl group linked to a polar hydroxyl group. With more than 20 million tons produced annually, it is used as a Precursor (chemistry), precursor to other commodity chemicals, including formaldehyde, acetic acid, methyl tert-butyl ether, methyl ''tert''-butyl ether, methyl benzoate, anisole, peroxyacids, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
