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Hurdiidae
Hurdiidae (synonymous with the previously named Peytoiidae) is an extinct cosmopolitan distribution, cosmopolitan Family (biology), family of radiodonts, a group of Crown group#Stem groups, stem-group marine arthropods, which lived during the Paleozoic Era. It is the most long-lived radiodont clade, lasting from the Cambrian period to the Devonian period. Description File:20191213 Radiodonta frontal appendage Hurdiidae.png, Anatomy of the frontal appendage of a hurdiid File:20191229 Radiodonta frontal appendage Hurdiidae.png, Frontal appendages of various species of hurdiid File:20200803 Radiodonta Hurdiidae H-element.png, Dorsal carapaces of various species of hurdiid Hurdiidae is characterized by Radiodonta#Frontal appendage, frontal appendages with distal region composed of 5 subequal blade-like endites, alongside the enlarged head carapaces and tetraradial mouthpart (Radiodonta#Oral cone, oral cone). The Radiodonta#Frontal appendage, frontal appendages of hurdiids have a d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radiodont
Radiodonta is an extinct order of stem-group arthropods that was successful worldwide during the Cambrian period. Radiodonts are distinguished by their distinctive frontal appendages, which are morphologically diverse and were used for a variety of functions. Radiodonts were among the earliest large predators, but they also included sediment sifters and filter feeders. Some of the most famous species of radiodonts are the Cambrian taxa ''Anomalocaris canadensis'', '' Hurdia victoria'', ''Peytoia nathorsti'', '' Titanokorys gainesi, Cambroraster falcatus'' and '' Amplectobelua symbrachiata''. The later surviving members include the subfamily Aegirocassisinae from the Early Ordovician of Morocco and the Early Devonian member '' Schinderhannes bartelsi'' from Germany. Etymology The name Radiodonta (Latin for ''radius'' "spoke of a wheel" and Greek for ''odoús'' "tooth") refers to the radial arrangement of tooth plates (oral cone) surrounding the mouth, although this feature is su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radiodonta
Radiodonta is an extinct Order (biology), order of stem-group arthropods that was successful worldwide during the Cambrian period. Radiodonts are distinguished by their distinctive frontal appendages, which are morphologically diverse and were used for a variety of functions. Radiodonts were among the earliest large predators, but they also included sediment sifters and filter feeders. Some of the most famous species of radiodonts are the Cambrian taxa ''Anomalocaris, Anomalocaris canadensis'', ''Hurdia, Hurdia victoria'', ''Peytoia nathorsti'', ''Titanokorys gainesii, Titanokorys gainesi, Cambroraster, Cambroraster falcatus'' and ''Amplectobelua, Amplectobelua symbrachiata''. The later surviving members include the subfamily Aegirocassisinae from the Early Ordovician of Morocco and the Early Devonian member ''Schinderhannes bartelsi'' from Germany. Etymology The name Radiodonta (Latin for ''radius'' "spoke of a wheel" and Greek for ''odoús'' "tooth") refers to the radial arrang ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schinderhannes Bartelsi
''Schinderhannes bartelsi'' is a fossil species of hurdiid radiodont (anomalocaridid), known from a single specimen from the Lower Devonian Hunsrück Slate in Germany. Its discovery expanded the known range of radiodonts, the latest members of which were previously known only from the Early Ordovician, at least 66 million years earlier than ''Schinderhannes bartelsi''. Discovery The single specimen was discovered in the Eschenbach-Bocksberg Quarry in Bundenbach, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, and is named after the outlaw Schinderhannes who frequented the area. Its specific epithet ''bartelsi'' honours Christoph Bartels, a Hunsrück Slate expert. The specimen is now housed in the Naturhistorisches Museum in Mainz. Morphology ''Schinderhannes'' is about long in full body length ( long excluding telsonDryad Data ). Like ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stanleycaris
''Stanleycaris'' ("Stanley's shrimp") is an extinct genus of hurdiid radiodont from the Cambrian (Stage 3 to Miaolingian). The type species is ''Stanleycaris hirpex''. ''Stanleycaris'' was described from the Stephen Formation near the Stanley Glacier and Burgess Shale locality of Canada, as well as Wheeler Formation of United States. A second species, ''S. qingjiangensis'' is known from the Qingjiang biota of China. The genus was characterized by the rake-like frontal appendages with robust inner spines. History of discovery ''Stanleycaris'' was originally described only from frontal appendages and oral cone. Its generic name means "Crab of Stanley Glacier"; ''hirpex'', L. "large rake", reflects the rake-like nature of its spiny frontal appendages. However, in 2022, 268 specimens of ''Stanleycaris'', many of which were complete, were studied, making ''Stanleycaris'' a well documented radiodont. ''Stanleycaris'' had three eyes, a bizarre configuration previously unknown among ot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudoangustidontus
''Pseudoangustidontus'' (meaning "false '' Angustidontus''") is a genus of hurdiid (peytoiid) radiodont from the Lower Ordovician of Morocco. This genus includes two described species, ''Pseudoangustidontus'' ''duplospineus'' and ''Pseudoangustidontus'' ''izidigua'', which both belong to the smaller Aegirocassisinae subfamily, however, a third unnamed species is also known. This animal is only known from the Fezouata Formation, a lower Ordovician fossil site in Morocco that is of ''Konservat-Lagerstätten'' status, meaning that the fossils from this site are exceptionally well preserved. This taxon was first described in 2006, but due to the fragmentary remains known at the time, its classification was debated, but with more complete fossils, this taxon was identified as a hurdiid radiodont in 2023. Similarly to its larger relative, ''Aegirocassis benmoulae'', this radiodont is thought to have lived a primarily filter feeding lifestyle, using its numerous auxiliary spines to gra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peytoia
''Peytoia'' is a genus of hurdiid radiodont, an early diverging order of stem-group arthropods, that lived in the Cambrian period, containing two species, ''Peytoia nathorsti'' from the Miaolingian of Canada and '' Peytoia infercambriensis'' from Poland, dating to Cambrian Stage 3. Its two frontal appendages had long bristle-like spines, it had no fan tail, and its short stalked eyes were behind its large head. 108 specimens of ''Peytoia'' are known from the Greater Phyllopod bed, where they comprise 0.21% of the community. ''Peytoia nathorsti'' and its junior synonym ''Laggania cambria'' played a major role in the discovery of the radiodont body plan. Initially interpreted as a jellyfish and a sea cucumber respectively, they were eventually shown to be the mouthparts and body of a single animal, which bore ''Anomalocaris''-like appendages. ''Peytoia infercambriensis'' is the geologically oldest known radiodont species. Classification ''Peytoia'' belongs to the clade Hurd ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cordaticaris
''Cordaticaris'' (heart-shaped shrimp) is a genus of extinct hurdiid (peytoiid) radiodont (stem-group arthropod) that lived in what is now northern China during the middle Cambrian period (Miaolingian, Drumian). This animal was described in 2020 based on remains found in the Zhangxia Formation, located in the Shandong Province. It is differentiated from other members of its family by its unique heart-shaped frontal sclerite (head carapace), and its frontal appendages bearing nine endites and seven more elongated subequal endites. This animal was important as it was the first Miaolingian aged hurdiid known from rock layers outside of laurentia, allowing paleontologists to get a better grasp of this families geographic range in life. Hurdiids like ''Cordaticaris'' were the most diverse lineage of radiodonts, both in terms of geographic distribution, and ecological roles. They are differentiated from other radiodont groups by their large head sclerites, their tetraradial mouth-parts, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ursulinacaris
''Ursulinacaris'' is a genus of hurdiid radiodont from the Cambrian of North America. It contains one known species, ''Ursulinacaris grallae''. It was described in 2019, based on fossils of the frontal appendages discovered in the 1990s and thereafter. The endites of ''Ursulinacaris'' were very slender, unlike other hurdiids such as ''Peytoia'' or ''Hurdia''. It was initially reported as the first hurdiid with paired endites (a feature only present in other non-hurdiid radiodonts), but Moysiuk & Caron (2021) suggested that it is actually the preservation of the fossils and therefore there are no paired endites. Discovery and naming ''Ursulinacaris'' fossils have been found in the Northwest Territories and Nevada Nevada ( ; ) is a landlocked state in the Western United States. It borders Oregon to the northwest, Idaho to the northeast, California to the west, Arizona to the southeast, and Utah to the east. Nevada is the seventh-most extensive, th .... Most specimens com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hurdia
''Hurdia'' is an extinct genus of Hurdiidae, hurdiid radiodont that lived 505 million years ago during the Cambrian Period. Fossils have been found in North America, China, and the Czech Republic. Taxonomic history ''Hurdia'' was named in 1912 by Charles Doolittle Walcott, Charles Walcott, with two species, the type species ''H. victoria'' and a referred species, ''H. triangulata''. The genus name refers to Mount Hurd. It is possible that Walcott had described a specimen the year prior as ''Amiella'', but the specimen is too fragmentary to identify with certainty, so ''Amiella'' is a ''nomen dubium''. Walcott's original specimens consisted only of H-elements of the frontal carapace, which he interpreted as being the carapace of an unidentified type of crustacean. P-elements of the carapace were described as a separate genus, ''Proboscicaris'', in 1962. In 1996, then-curator of the Royal Ontario Museum Desmond H. Collins erected the taxon Radiodonta to encompass ''Anomalocaris'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cambrian
The Cambrian ( ) is the first geological period of the Paleozoic Era, and the Phanerozoic Eon. The Cambrian lasted 51.95 million years from the end of the preceding Ediacaran period 538.8 Ma (million years ago) to the beginning of the Ordovician Period 486.85 Ma. Most of the continents lay in the southern hemisphere surrounded by the vast Panthalassa Ocean. The assembly of Gondwana during the Ediacaran and early Cambrian led to the development of new convergent plate boundaries and continental-margin arc magmatism along its margins that helped drive up global temperatures. Laurentia lay across the equator, separated from Gondwana by the opening Iapetus Ocean. The Cambrian marked a profound change in life on Earth; prior to the Period, the majority of living organisms were small, unicellular and poorly preserved. Complex, multicellular organisms gradually became more common during the Ediacaran, but it was not until the Cambrian that fossil diversity seems to rapidly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peytoia Infercambriensis
''Peytoia infercambriensis'' is a species of Hurdiidae, hurdiid radiodont in the genus ''Peytoia''. ''P. infercambriensis'' is the geologically oldest known radiodont; its remains date to the Cambrian Stage 3, third age of the Cambrian. The type and only known specimen, a partial appendage, was found in a core sample from a borehole nearly five kilometers deep in northern Poland. ''P. infercambriensis'' was previously regarded as belonging to a separate genus, ''Cassubia'', named after the historical region of Kashubia in which the specimen was found, but ''Cassubia'' is now considered a junior synonym of ''Peytoia''. History of study Discovery and naming The holotype—and only—specimen was recovered from the Kościerzyna borehole, in the Cambrian Stage 3 aged Zawiszyn Formation. It was found in the Fallotaspis Zone making it older than the Chengjiang biota. It was described by Kazimiera Lendzion in 1975 and given the name ''Pomerania infercambriensis'', in reference to its L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hurdia Victoria
''Hurdia'' is an extinct genus of hurdiid radiodont that lived 505 million years ago during the Cambrian Period. Fossils have been found in North America, China, and the Czech Republic. Taxonomic history ''Hurdia'' was named in 1912 by Charles Walcott, with two species, the type species ''H. victoria'' and a referred species, ''H. triangulata''. The genus name refers to Mount Hurd. It is possible that Walcott had described a specimen the year prior as ''Amiella'', but the specimen is too fragmentary to identify with certainty, so ''Amiella'' is a ''nomen dubium''. Walcott's original specimens consisted only of H-elements of the frontal carapace, which he interpreted as being the carapace of an unidentified type of crustacean. P-elements of the carapace were described as a separate genus, ''Proboscicaris'', in 1962. In 1996, then-curator of the Royal Ontario Museum Desmond H. Collins erected the taxon Radiodonta to encompass ''Anomalocaris'' and its close relatives, and includ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
