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Hotep
Hotep (; also rendered ''hetep'') is an Egyptian language, Egyptian word that roughly translates as "to be satisfied, at peace". The word also refers to an "offering" ritually presented to a deity or a dead person, hence "be pleased, be gracious, be at peace". It is rendered in Egyptian hieroglyphs as an altar List of hieroglyphs/R, (Gardiner sign R4). The noun ''ḥtp.w'' means "peace, contentment". Davies (2018) interprets the concept of as "the result of action in accord with ''maat'' [the proper order of the universe]". The so-called Ancient Egyptian offering formula, offering formula begins with "an offering given by the king".Gardiner, Alan. (1957). ''Egyptian Grammar, Third Edition,'' p. 170. Griffith Institute, Ashmolean Museum, Oxford. . Egyptian became Coptic language, Coptic "be content" and ''hōtp'' "be reconciled". Hotep as part of ancient Egyptian names, such as Hotepsekhemwy ( "the two powers are at peace"), the first ruler of the Second Dynasty of Egyp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hotepsekhemwy
Hotepsekhemwy is the Horus name of an early Egyptian king who was the founder of the Second Dynasty of Egypt. The exact length of his reign is not known; the Turin canon suggests an improbable 95 years Alan H. Gardiner: ''The royal canon of Turin''. Griffith Institute of Oxford, Oxford (UK) 1997, ; page 15 & Table I. while the ancient Egyptian historian Manetho reports that the reign of "Boëthôs" lasted for 38 years.William Gillian Waddell: ''Manetho (The Loeb Classical Library, Volume 350)''. Harvard University Press, Cambridge (Mass.) 2004 (Reprint), , page 37–41. Egyptologists consider both statements to be misinterpretations or exaggerations. They credit Hotepsekhemwy with either a 25- or a 29-year rule. Name sources Hotepsekhemwy's name has been identified by archaeologists at Sakkara, Giza, Badari and Abydos from clay seal impressions, stone vessels and bone cylinders. Several stone vessel inscriptions mention Hotepsekhemwy along with the name of his successo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hotepibre
Hotepibre Qemau Siharnedjheritef (also Sehetepibre I or Sehetepibre II depending on the scholar) was an Egyptian pharaoh of the 13th Dynasty during the Second Intermediate Period. Family Qemau Siharnedjheritef complete nomen means "Qemau's son, Horus he who seizes his power" and from this it is likely that he was the son of his predecessor Ameny Qemau and the grandson of king Amenemhat V. Ryholt further proposes that he was succeeded by a king named Iufni, who may have been his brother or uncle. After the short reign of Iufni, the throne went to another grandson of Amenemhat V named Ameny Antef Amenemhat VI. Attestations There are several attestations of Hotepibre in Lower Egypt and exchange with the Northern Levant. Lower Egypt Khatana A seated statue on a throne dedicated to Ptah and bearing the name of Hotepibre was found in Khatana, but its location of origin is unknown. el-Atawla, temple-block At Per Nemty ( el-Atawla), near Asyut (5 km) in the 12th Nome of Upp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Afrocentrism
Afrocentrism is a worldview that is centered on the history of people of African descent or a view that favors it over non-African civilizations. It is in some respects a response to Eurocentric attitudes about African people and their historical contributions. It seeks to counter what it sees as mistakes and ideas perpetuated by the racist philosophical underpinnings of Western academic disciplines as they developed during and since Europe's Early Renaissance as justifying rationales for the enslavement of other peoples, in order to enable more accurate accounts of not only African but all people's contributions to world history. Afrocentricity deals primarily with self-determination and African agency and is a pan-African point of view for the study of culture, philosophy, and history. Gates, Henry Louis, and Kwame Anthony Appiah (eds), '' Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African-American'' Volume 1, p. 111, Oxford University Press. 2005. Afrocentrism is a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sehetepibre
Sehetepibre Sewesekhtawy (also Sehetepibre I or Sehetepibre II depending on the scholar) was an Egyptian pharaoh of the 13th Dynasty during the early Second Intermediate Period, possibly the fifth or tenth king of the Dynasty. Chronological position The position of Sehetepibre Sewesekhtawy within the 13th Dynasty is not entirely clear. In the Turin canon, a king list redacted in the early Ramesside period, two kings are listed with the name "''Sehetepibre''", both in Column 7 (which mainly lists kings of the 13th Dynasty). The first "Sehetepibre" appears as the fourth king of the Dynasty, and the other as its eighth. Therefore, the exact chronological position of Sehetepibre Sewesekhtawy cannot be ascertained using only the Turin canon. According to the Egyptologists Kim Ryholt and Darrell Baker, Sehetepibre Sewesekhtawy was in fact the tenth king of the Dynasty, reigning for two years from 1783 BC until 1781 BC.K.S.B. Ryholt, ''The Political Situation in Egypt during the Seco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Dynasty Of Egypt
The Second Dynasty of ancient Egypt (or Dynasty II, – ) is the latter of the two dynasties of the Early Dynastic Period of Egypt, Egyptian Archaic Period, when the seat of government was centred at Thinis. It is most known for its last ruler, Khasekhemwy, but is otherwise one of the most obscure periods in History of ancient Egypt, Egyptian history. Though archaeological evidence of the time is very scant, contrasting data from the First Dynasty of Egypt, First and Third Dynasty of Egypt, Third Dynasties indicates important institutional and economic developments during the Second Dynasty. Rulers For the first three pharaohs, sources are fairly close in agreement and the order is supported by an inscription on the statuette of Hetepdief, who served in the mortuary cults of these three kings. But the identity of the next few rulers is unclear. Surviving sources might be giving the Horus name or the Nebty name and the birth names of these rulers. They may also be entirely ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amenemhat I
:''See Amenemhat (other), Amenemhat, for other individuals with this name.'' Amenemhat I (Egyptian language, Ancient Egyptian: ''Ỉmn-m-ḥꜣt'' meaning 'Amun is at the forefront'), also known as Amenemhet I, was a pharaoh of ancient Egypt and the first king of the Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt, Twelfth Dynasty of the Middle Kingdom of Egypt, Middle Kingdom. Amenemhat I was probably the same as the vizier named Amenemhat who led an expedition to Wadi Hammamat under his predecessor Mentuhotep IV, and possibly overthrew him from power. Scholars differ as to whether Mentuhotep IV was killed by Amenemhat I, but there is no independent evidence to suggest this and there may even have been a period of co-regency between their reigns.E. Hornung, ''History of Ancient Egypt'', 1999 p.50 Amenemhat I was not of royal lineage, born to Senusret and Nefert who were possibly related to the nomarchial family of Elephantine. The composition of some literary works (the ''Prophecy of Neferti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mersekhemre Ined
Mersekhemre Ined was a pharaoh of the late 13th Dynasty, possibly the thirty-fifth king of this dynasty. As such he would have reigned from Memphis over Middle and Upper Egypt for a short time either during the early or mid-17th century, from 1672 until 1669 BC or from 1651 until 1648 BC. He may be the same king as Mersekhemre Neferhotep II. Reign The identity of Mersekhemre Ined with respect to Neferhotep II is still in doubt. Mersekhemre Neferhotep Two royal statues of a king named Mersekhemre Neferhotep were uncovered by Georges Legrain in 1903 in the Karnak Cachette and are now in the Egyptian Museum, CG 42023 and CG 42024. Non-contemporary attestation According to the latest reading of the Turin canon by Kim Ryholt, Mersekhemre Ined reigned for 3 years, 1 to 4 months and 1 day. K.S.B. Ryholt, ''The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period, c.1800-1550 BC'', (Carsten Niebuhr Institute Publications, vol. 20. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neferhotep I
Khasekhemre Neferhotep I was an Ancient Egypt, Egyptian pharaoh of the mid Thirteenth dynasty of Egypt, Thirteenth Dynasty ruling in the second half of the 18th century BCKim Ryholt, Ryholt, K.S.B: The Political Situation in Egypt During the Second Intermediate Period, c.1800–1550 BC', Carsten Niebuhr Institute Publications, 20. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, (1997). . . . during a time referred to as the late Middle Kingdom of Egypt, Middle Kingdom or early Second Intermediate Period, depending on the scholar. One of the best attested rulers of the 13th Dynasty, Neferhotep I reigned for 11 years according to the Turin King List. The grandson of a non-royal townsman from a Thebes, Egypt, Theban family with a military background, Neferhotep I's relation to his predecessor Sobekhotep III is unclear and he may have usurped the throne. Neferhotep I was likely contemporaneous with kings Zimri-Lim of Mari, Syria, Mari and Hammurabi of Babylon. Little is known of his activities ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sobekhotep VIII
Sekhemre Seusertawy Sobekhotep VIII was an ancient Egyptian ruler during the Second Intermediate Period whose exact chronological placement remains uncertain. He may have ruled over the Theban region in Upper Egypt. Scholars debate whether he belonged to the 13th, 16th, or 17th Dynasty. If Sobekhotep VIII was a king of the 16th Dynasty, it is thought that he is listed in the Turin Canon (11:2), which credits him with a 16-year reign.Kim Ryholt, The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period c.1800-1550 B.C, Museum Tusculanum Press, (1997)Darrell D. Baker: The Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs: Volume I - Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300–1069 BC, Stacey International, , 2008, p. 454 Reign Almost nothing is known about Sekhemre Seusertawy Sobekhotep. Reign length. His reign length lasted to the end of Year 4 as attested by the Inundation Stele, which is his only and highest attestation. The stela was dated to the very end of Year 4 just prior to Egypti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sobekhotep VII
Merkawre Sobekhotep (VII) was an Ancient Egyptian petty king during the Second Intermediate Period. His chronological position within this period is unclear. The period represents the transition between the Middle Kingdom (Middle Bronze) and New Kingdom (Late Bronze), a time of climate change and socio-economic problems leading to political turmoil with numerous claimants to the throne throughout the country. Biography Reign Merkaure had a short reign of two regnal years. Not much is known about this king besides some attestations found in the Karnak Temple, Thebes, Upper Egypt. These items may indicate that he ruled at Karnak or they were brought to Karnak as looted items. One object refers to the local deity Amun, while another refers to the Mouth/Speaker of Nekhen, a town further south. However, his name in the Karnak King List shows that he was not omitted and forgotten by people in the Thebaid region. The order of succession is unclear as he does not provide any evidence of h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sobekhotep VI
Khahotepre Sobekhotep VI (also known as Sobekhotep V) was an Egyptian king of the late 13th Dynasty during the Second Intermediate Period. Family Khahotepre Sobekhotep VI's father was perhaps Sobekhotep IV, the best attested king of the entire second intermediate period. This hypothesis is based on an inscription found in the Wadi el-Hudi which attests that Sobekhotep IV had a son called 'Sobekhotep'. If this son is indeed Sobekhotep VI, then his mother would be possibly Tjan, wife of Sobekhotep IV. Sobekhotep VI's queen may have been named Khaenoub (also Khaesnebou) or Nubhotepti. Attestations Khahotepre Sobekhotep may have had four regnal years. Only a few objects attest to his reign. There exists a scarab seal from Abydos and a kneeling statuette of the king, possibly from Kerma. At Abydos, a fragmentary funerary stela dedicated to the god Wepwawet mentions haotepre. The stela has also been assigned to Merhotepre Ini. At Elephantine, a kneeling statue with a dedica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sobekhotep V
Merhotepre Sobekhotep (also known as Sobekhotep V; Sobekhotep VI in older studies) was an Egyptian king of the late 13th Dynasty during the Second Intermediate Period. Attestation Merhotepre Sobekhotep is mainly attested in Upper Egypt. Items can be separated between "Merhotepre", " Merhotepre Ini" and "Merhotepre Sobekhotep". There can be slight differences how they spell the name Merhotepre. Merhotepre Ini and his predecessor Merneferre Ay can be associated with Memphis-Faiyum region, while Merhotepre Sobekhotep seems more related to the Thebaid region. A seated statue of the king bearing his cartouche, now located in the Cairo Museum. From Karnak, a striding statue of Sobekhotep V Merhotepre. At Abydos, a stela mentions the prenomen "Merhotepre" writing in the same way as Merhotepre Sobekhotep. At Thebes, the Juridical Stela is dated to Year 1 of Nebiriau and mentions a decree issued in Year 1 of "Merhotepre". The stela have often been associated with Merhotepre I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
