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High To Medium Air Defense
High to medium air defense (HIMAD) is a group of anti-aircraft weapons and tactics to do with defense against high to medium altitude air threats, primarily aircraft and missiles. HIMAD and its complements, short range air defense (SHORAD) and Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD), divide air defense of the battlespace into domes of responsibility based on altitude and defensive weapon ranges. China * HQ-9 * HQ-22 France / Italy * SAMP/T Germany * IRIS-T SLM India * Barak-8 (co-developed with Israel) * Project Kusha Iran * Bavar-373 Israel * Barak-8 (co-developed with India) Russia Russian systems include: * S-300 * S-400 * S-500 South Korea * L-SAM Turkey * Hisar (missile family) * SİPER United States United States Army systems include: * MIM-23 Hawk * MIM-104 Patriot The MIM-104 Patriot is a mobile interceptor missile surface-to-air missile (SAM) system, the primary such system used by the United States Army and several all ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anti-aircraft Warfare
Anti-aircraft warfare (AAW) is the counter to aerial warfare and includes "all measures designed to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air action".AAP-6 It encompasses surface-based, subsurface (Submarine#Armament, submarine-launched), and air-based weapon systems, in addition to associated sensor systems, command and control arrangements, and passive measures (e.g. barrage balloons). It may be used to protect naval, army, ground, and air forces in any location. However, for most countries, the main effort has tended to be homeland defense. Missile defense, Missile defense is an extension of air defence, as are initiatives to adapt air defence to the task of intercepting any projectile in flight. Most modern anti-aircraft (AA) weapons systems are optimized for short-, medium-, or long-range air defence, although some systems may incorporate multiple weapons (such as both autocannons and surface-to-air missiles). 'Layered air defence' usually refers to multiple 't ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Project Kusha (air Defence System)
Project ''Kusha'', or Extended Range Air Defence System (ERADS), is a programme under the Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO) for the Indian Air Force and Indian Navy. The programme was also previously referred to as XRSAM or PGLRSAM. The goal is to design a mobile long-range surface-to-air missile system. The phased induction of the missile system consisting three variants of interceptors into the services is expected between 2028 and 2030. It will supplement the Indo-Israeli Barak 8, Russian S-400 and Indian Ballistic Missile Defence System in the Indian Armed Forces. Development The missile system might be used to bridge the gap between the MR-SAM (80 km) and S-400 (400 km). It is being developed as an area-defence system. The Indian Air Force (IAF) will be the lead agency for this air defence system. The project was cleared for development by the Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) in May 2022, and was granted Acceptance of Necessity (AoN) by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MIM-23 Hawk
The Raytheon MIM-23 HAWK ("Homing All the Way Killer") is an American medium-range surface-to-air missile. It was designed to be a much more mobile counterpart to the MIM-14 Nike Hercules, trading off range and altitude capability for a much smaller size and weight. Its low-level performance was greatly improved over Nike through the adoption of new radars and a continuous wave semi-active radar homing guidance system. It entered service with the US Army in 1959. In 1971 it underwent a major improvement program as the Improved Hawk, or I-Hawk, which made several improvements to the missile and replaced all of the radar systems with new models. Improvements continued throughout the next twenty years, adding improved electronic counter-countermeasures, ECCM, a potential home-on-jam feature, and in 1995, a new warhead that made it capable against short-range tactical ballistic missiles. ''Jane's Information Group, Jane's'' reported that the original system's single shot kill probab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SİPER
SİPER (''Trench'') is a high to medium air defense surface-to-air missile (SAM) system. Designed to defend against any type of airborne threat, it can fight aircraft, cruise missiles, air-to-ground missiles and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). It was jointly developed in Turkey by the companies Roketsan, Aselsan and the research institute TÜBİTAK SAGE. The SİPER system project was launched by the Presidency of Defence Industries in 2018. The missile is developed by Roketsan, and most sensors and electronics by Aselsan. The ''SIPER'' missile was originally announced as ''Hisar-U''. However, it was later announced that the Siper missile would be a new missile family and 3 different blocks would be developed. Siper Block 1 were developed based on the Hisar-O missile with booster. Siper Block 1 ''Siper Block 1'' was originally planned as ''Hisar-U''. However, after it was concluded that ''Hisar-U'' could not meet Türkiye's long-range and high-altitude air defense missile ne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hisar (missile Family)
Hisar (''Fortress'') is a family of short, High to medium air defense surface-to-air missile systems being developed by Roketsan and Aselsan since 2007. The missiles are developed by Roketsan, while most sensors and electronics are developed by Aselsan. The missile family consists of the short range Hisar-A and medium range Hisar-O air defence system. Missile seeker of Hisar-A and Hisar-O is infrared homing. The model using RF Seeker, Hisar O+ RF, and its naval version, Hisar-D RF, were announced later. The long range version “Hisar-U” evolved into the Siper long range air defence system project. Development history On 18 April 2007, the Turkish Presidency of Defense Industries issued a request for information to international and domestic defence companies to meet a low to medium altitude air defense requirements under Turkey's Low Altitude Air Defence Missile System (T-LALADMIS) programme (''Alçak İrtifa Hava Savunma Füze Sistemi'' in Turkish). A total of 18 compan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
L-SAM
The L-SAM (Long-range Surface-to-Air Missile; ) is a South Korean long range surface-to-air missile developed by the Agency for Defense Development (ADD), Hanwha, and LIG Nex1. The performance levels are comparable to the American THAAD and the Israeli Arrow 2 and Arrow 3. L-SAM serves as a key system in South Korea's Korean Air and Missile Defense (KAMD). The development of L-SAM Block 1 was officially completed in May 2024 and was declared fit for combat by the Defense Acquisition Program Administration (DAPA). Design and development The L-SAM was developed with the aim of shooting down ballistic missiles such as North Korea's Hwasong-11A (KN-23) and Hwasong-11B (KN-24) in the terminal phase. It will be an upper-tier surface-to-air missile system for multi-layered defense as part of Republic of Korea Air Force's Korean Air and Missile Defense (KAMD) project, which has been planned since the early 2020s, with the lower tier composed of Patriot PAC-3 and KM-SAM batteries. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
S-500 Missile System
The S-500 Prometheus (), also known as 55R6M "Triumfator-M", is a Russian surface-to-air missile/anti-ballistic missile system supplementing the S-400 and the A-235 ABM missile system. The S-500 was developed by the Almaz-Antey Air Defence Concern. Initially planned to be in production by 2014, the first unit entered service in 2021 with the 15th Aerospace Army. Russia claims that the S-500 is capable of intercepting all types of modern hypersonic weapons, and has claimed to have successfully tested such capability. Russia is reportedly planning to deploy the S-500 alongside the planned S-550 missile system as part of its air defense network. History According to the original plans, ten S-500 battalions were to be purchased for the Russian Aerospace Defense (VKO) under the State Armament Programme 2020 (GPV-2020). As of 2013, the S-500s were intended to work in parallel with S-400s, and the systems together were planned to replace most of the S-300 missile systems. The first ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
S-400 Missile System
The S-400 Triumf ( – Triumf; translation: Triumph; NATO reporting name: SA-21 Growler), previously known as the S-300 PMU-3, is a mobile surface-to-air missile (SAM) system developed in the 1990s by Russia's NPO Almaz as an upgrade to the S-300 missile system, S-300 family of missiles. The S-400 was approved for service on 28 April 2007 and the first battalion of the systems assumed combat duty on 6 August 2007. The system is complemented by its successor, the S-500 missile system, S-500. Development The development of the S-400 began in the early 1980s to replace the S-200 missile system, S-200 missile system, but was rejected by a state commission due to high cost and inability to address the threat of cruise missiles. In the late 1980s, the programme was revived in under the codename Triumf as a system capable of engaging aircraft at long range plus cruise missiles and stealth aircraft. The Soviet government approved the Truimf programme on 22 August 1991, but the collap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
S-300 (missile)
The S-300 (NATO reporting name SA-10 Grumble) is a series of long-range surface-to-air missile systems developed by the former Soviet Union. It was produced by NPO Almaz for the Soviet Air Defence Forces to defend against air raids and cruise missiles. It is used by Russia, Ukraine, and other former Eastern Bloc countries, along with Bulgaria and Greece. It is also used by China, Iran, and other countries in Asia. The system is fully automated, though manual observation and operation are also possible. Each targeting radar provides target designation for the central command post. The command post compares the data received from the targeting radars and filters out false targets. The central command post has both active and Passive radar, passive target detection modes. Missiles have a maximum range of from the command post. The successor to the S-300 is the S-400 missile system, S-400 (NATO reporting name ''SA-21 Growler''), which entered service on 28 April 2007. Variatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bavar-373
Bavar-373 (, meaning ''Belief'' and ''373'' being Abjad numerals for ''یا رسولالله'' or ''O, Messenger of Allah!'') is an Iranian long-range road-mobile surface-to-air missile system unveiled in August 2016. Iran describes it as a competitor of the S-300 missile system. It is manufactured by the Iranian Defence Ministry in cooperation with unspecified local manufacturers and universities. The system was formally unveiled during a ceremony attended by the Iranian President Hassan Rouhani on 22 August 2019, and was declared operational the same day. An upgraded version was unveiled in 2022. Iran described it as a competitor to the S-400. History After the Russian ban on exporting S-300 to Iran (which was lifted in 2015), Iran decided to develop a similar system domestically: "We have planned to build a long-range air defence missile system similar to S-300. By God's grace and by the Iranian engineers' efforts, we will reach self-sufficiency in this regard." It was l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barak-8
Barak 8 (, lit. "Lightning"), also known as LR-SAM or MR-SAM and Barak MX, is an Indian-Israeli jointly developed surface-to-air missile (SAM) system, designed to defend against any type of airborne threat including aircraft, helicopters, anti-ship missiles, and UAVs as well as ballistic missiles,Next-Gen: Barak-8 , defenseindustrydaily.com, Accessed 25 November 2014 and combat jets. Both maritime and land-based variants of the system exist. Barak 8 was jointly developed by India's [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
