|
High-energy Laser
The Tactical High-Energy Laser, or THEL, was a laser developed for military use, also known as the Nautilus laser system. The mobile version is the Mobile Tactical High-Energy Laser, or MTHEL. In 1996, the United States and Israel entered into an agreement to produce a cooperative THEL called the Demonstrator, which would utilize deuterium fluoride chemical laser technologies. In 2000 and 2001, THEL shot down 28 Katyusha artillery rockets and five artillery shells. On November 4, 2002, THEL shot down an incoming artillery shell. The prototype weapon was roughly the size of six city buses, made up of modules that held a command center, radar and a telescope for tracking targets, the chemical laser itself, fuel and reagent tanks, and a rotating mirror to reflect its beam toward speeding targets. It was discontinued in 2005. History On July 18, 1996, the United States and Israel entered into an agreement to produce a cooperative Tactical High Energy Laser (THEL), called the Advanc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yitzhak Ben Yisrael
Isaac Ben-Israel (; born 26 July 1949) is an Israeli military scientist, general, politician and state official. From 2005 to 2022, he served as the chairman of the Israeli Space Agency and the National Council for Research and Development, under the auspices of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Space of Israel. He finished his service in the IDF ranked General, serving as head of the military Administration for the Development of Weapons and the Technological Industry. Between 2010 and 2012 he served as chief Cybernetics adviser to PM Netanyahu, during which period he founded the National Cyber Bureau in the PM office and launched the National Cyber Initiative. Ben-Israel is now head of the Security Studies program in Tel Aviv University, where he also heads the annual international Cyber Security conference. Between 2007 and 2009 he served as a member of the Knesset for Kadima. Ben-Israel is one of Israel's top experts on Space, Cyber and technological related securi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deuterium Fluoride Laser
The hydrogen fluoride laser is an infrared chemical laser. It is capable of delivering continuous output power in the megawatt range. Hydrogen fluoride lasers operate at the wavelength of 2.7–2.9 μm. This wavelength is absorbed by the atmosphere, effectively attenuating the beam and reducing its reach, unless used in a vacuum environment. However, when deuterium is used instead of hydrogen, the deuterium fluoride lases at the wavelength of about 3.8 μm. This makes the deuterium fluoride laser usable for terrestrial operations. Deuterium fluoride laser The deuterium fluoride laser constructionally resembles a rocket engine. In the combustion chamber, ethylene is burned in nitrogen trifluoride. This reaction produces free excited fluorine radicals. Just after the nozzle, the mixture of helium and hydrogen or deuterium gas is injected to the exhaust stream; the hydrogen or deuterium reacts with the fluorine radicals, producing excited molecules of deuterium fluoride o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Lasers
This is a list of laser types, their operational wavelengths, and their applications. Thousands of kinds of laser are known, but most of them are used only for specialized research. Overview Gas lasers Chemical lasers Used as directed-energy weapons. Dye lasers Metal-vapor lasers Solid-state lasers Semiconductor lasers Other types of lasers See also *Laser construction *List of laser articles *Maser producing or amplifying a coherent microwave beam *X-ray laser producing a coherent x-ray or EUV beam *Atom laser producing a coherent beam of atoms *Gravity laser A gravity laser, also sometimes referred to as a gaser, graser, or glaser, is a hypothetical device for stimulated emission of coherent gravitational radiation or gravitons, much in the same way that a standard laser produces coherent electromagnet ..., a hypothetical concept of producing coherent gravitation waves Notes Further references *Silfvast, William T. ''Laser fundamentals'', Cambridge Uni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laser Construction
A laser is constructed from three principal parts: *An energy source (usually referred to as the ''Laser pumping, pump'' or ''pump source''), *A ''gain medium'' or ''Active laser medium, laser medium'', and *Two or more mirrors that form an ''optical resonator''. Pump source The ''pump source'' is the part that provides energy to the laser system. Examples of pump sources include electrical discharges, flashlamps, arc lamps, light from another laser, chemical reactions and even explosive devices. The type of pump source used principally depends on the ''gain medium'', and this also determines how the energy is transmitted to the medium. A helium–neon laser, helium–neon (HeNe) laser uses an electrical discharge in the helium-neon gas mixture, a Nd:YAG laser uses either light focused from a xenon flash lamp or Laser diode, diode lasers, and excimer lasers use a chemical reaction. Gain medium / Laser medium The ''gain medium'' is the major determining factor of the waveleng ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laser Applications
Many scientific, military, medical and commercial laser applications have been developed since the invention of the laser in 1958. The coherency, high monochromaticity, and ability to reach extremely high powers are all properties which allow for these specialized applications. Scientific In science, lasers are used in many ways, including: * A wide variety of interferometric techniques * Raman spectroscopy * Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy * Atmospheric ''remote sensing'' * Investigating nonlinear optics phenomena * Holographic techniques employing lasers also contribute to a number of measurement techniques. * Laser based lidar (LIght raDAR) technology applications in geology, seismology, remote sensing and atmospheric physics. * Three-dimensional structural modifications and writing inside technological materials. * Lasers have been used aboard spacecraft such as in the Cassini-Huygens mission. * In astronomy, lasers have been used to create artificial '' lase ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Active Laser Medium
The active laser medium (also called a gain medium or lasing medium) is the source of optical gain within a laser. The gain results from the stimulated emission of photons through electronic or molecular transitions to a lower energy state from a higher energy state previously populated by a pump source. Examples of active laser media include: * Certain crystals, typically doped with rare-earth ions (e.g. neodymium, ytterbium, or erbium) or transition metal ions (titanium or chromium); most often yttrium aluminium garnet ( Y3 Al5 O12), yttrium orthovanadate (YVO4), or sapphire (Al2O3); and not often caesium cadmium bromide ( Cs Cd Br3) (solid-state lasers) * Glasses, e.g. silicate or phosphate glasses, doped with laser-active ions; * Gases, e.g. mixtures of helium and neon (HeNe), nitrogen, argon, krypton, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, or metal vapors; ( gas lasers) * Semiconductors, e.g. gallium arsenide (GaAs), indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs), or gallium nitride (GaN ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laser Science
Laser science or laser physics is a branch of optics that describes the theory and practice of lasers. Laser science is principally concerned with quantum electronics, laser construction, optical cavity design, the physics of producing a population inversion in active laser medium, laser media, and the temporal evolution of the light field in the laser. It is also concerned with the physics of laser beam propagation, particularly the physics of Gaussian beams, with laser applications, and with associated fields such as nonlinear optics and quantum optics. History Laser science predates the invention of the laser itself. Albert Einstein created the foundations for the laser and maser in 1917, via a paper in which he re-derived Max Planck’s law of radiation using a formalism based on probability coefficients (Einstein coefficients) for the Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), absorption, spontaneous emission, and stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation. The existenc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chemical Laser
A chemical laser is a laser that obtains its energy from a chemical reaction. Chemical lasers can reach continuous wave output with power reaching to megawatt levels. They are used in industry for cutting and drilling. Common examples of chemical lasers are the chemical oxygen iodine laser (COIL), all gas-phase iodine laser (AGIL), and the hydrogen fluoride (HF) and deuterium fluoride (DF) lasers, all operating in the mid-infrared region. There is also a DF–CO2 laser ( deuterium fluoride–carbon dioxide), which, like COIL, is a "transfer laser." The HF and DF lasers are unusual, in that there are several molecular energy transitions with sufficient energy to cross the threshold required for lasing. Since the molecules do not collide frequently enough to re-distribute the energy, several of these laser modes operate either simultaneously, or in extremely rapid succession, so that an HF or DF laser appears to operate simultaneously on several wavelengths unless a wavele ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Israel
Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in West Asia. It Borders of Israel, shares borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria to the north-east, Jordan to the east, Egypt to the south-west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the west. Israeli-occupied territories, It occupies the Occupied Palestinian territories, Palestinian territories of the West Bank in the east and the Gaza Strip in the south-west. Israel also has a small coastline on the Red Sea at its southernmost point, and part of the Dead Sea lies along its eastern border. Status of Jerusalem, Its proclaimed capital is Jerusalem, while Tel Aviv is the country's Gush Dan, largest urban area and Economy of Israel, economic center. Israel is located in a region known as the Land of Israel, synonymous with the Palestine (region), Palestine region, the Holy Land, and Canaan. In antiquity, it was home to the Canaanite civilisation followed by the History of ancient Israel and Judah, kingdoms of Israel and Judah. Situate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qassam Attack
Since 2001, Palestinian militants have launched tens of thousands of rocket and Mortar (weapon), mortar attacks on Israel from the Gaza Strip as part of the continuing Israeli–Palestinian conflict. The attacks, widely condemned for targeting civilians, have been described as terrorism by the United Nations, the European Union, and Israeli officials, and are defined as war crimes by human rights groups Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch. The international community considers indiscriminate attacks on civilian targets Geneva conventions#Protocols, to be illegal under international law. Palestinian militants say rocket attacks are a response to Blockade of the Gaza Strip, Israel's blockade of Gaza, but the Palestinian Authority has condemned them and says rocket attacks undermine peace. From 2004 to 2014, these attacks have killed 27 Israeli civilians, 5 foreign nationals, 5 IDF soldiers, and at least 11 Palestinians and injured more than 1,900 people. Medical studi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Skyguard (area Defense System)
SkyGuard is a powerful counter-drone solution compatible with Skycope's detection products, providing 24/7 autonomous defense operations with minimal false alarms. It offers a robust jamming capability with a Jammer-to-Signal distance ratio exceeding 20:1, ensuring effective defense even when drones are close to their controllers. Specifications include a defense range of up to 3 km, a full 360-degree coverage, and operation in temperatures from -20°C to 60°C. Devices are not authorized for sale in Canada except to specific agencies until regulatory compliance is achieved. Skycope emphasizes adherence to applicable laws for international sales and leases. Sky guard family Sky Guard family consists of many, varied solutions including moveable and permanent protection systems, concealed and exposed systems all designed to provide protection from many different threat scenarios based on conditions and budget. It's possible to order a specially adapted design or choose one of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
