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Hesperidin 6-O-alpha-L-rhamnosyl-beta-D-glucosidase
Hesperidin 6-''O''-alpha--rhamnosyl-beta--glucosidase () is an enzyme with systematic name hesperetin 7-(6-''O''-alpha--rhamnopyranosyl-beta--glucopyranoside) 6-''O''-alpha-rhamnopyranosyl-beta-glucohydrolase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction : hesperidin + H2O hesperetin + rutinose Rutinose is the disaccharide also known as 6-''O''-α-L- rhamnosyl-D-glucose (C12H22O10) that is present in some flavonoid glycosides. It is prepared from rutin by hydrolysis Hydrolysis (; ) is any chemical reaction in which a molecule of wat ... The enzyme exhibits high specificity towards 7-''O''-linked flavonoid beta-rutinosides. The enzyme is produced by the fungus ''Acremonium'' sp. DSM24697. The genera ''Acremonium'' and morphologically similar ''Stilbella'' have not yet been fully studied on a molecular basis. Under the morphological basis, the fungus ''Stilbella fimetaria'' SES201 was reidentified as ''Acremonium'' sp. SES201 = DSM24697. References External ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enzyme
An enzyme () is a protein that acts as a biological catalyst by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrate (chemistry), substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecules known as product (chemistry), products. Almost all metabolism, metabolic processes in the cell (biology), cell need enzyme catalysis in order to occur at rates fast enough to sustain life. Metabolic pathways depend upon enzymes to catalyze individual steps. The study of enzymes is called ''enzymology'' and the field of pseudoenzyme, pseudoenzyme analysis recognizes that during evolution, some enzymes have lost the ability to carry out biological catalysis, which is often reflected in their amino acid sequences and unusual 'pseudocatalytic' properties. Enzymes are known to catalyze more than 5,000 biochemical reaction types. Other biocatalysts include Ribozyme, catalytic RNA molecules, also called ribozymes. They are sometimes descr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Enzymes
Enzymes are listed here by their classification in the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology's Enzyme Commission (EC) numbering system: :Oxidoreductases (EC 1) ( Oxidoreductase) * Dehydrogenase * Luciferase * DMSO reductase :EC 1.1 (act on the CH-OH group of donors) * :EC 1.1.1 (with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor) ** Alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD) ** Alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP) ** Homoserine dehydrogenase ** Aminopropanol oxidoreductase ** Diacetyl reductase ** Glycerol dehydrogenase ** Propanediol-phosphate dehydrogenase ** glycerol-3-phoshitiendopene dehydrogenase (NAD+) ** D-xylulose reductase ** L-xylulose reductase ** Lactate dehydrogenase ** Malate dehydrogenase ** Isocitrate dehydrogenase ** HMG-CoA reductase * :EC 1.1.2 (with a cytochrome as acceptor) * :EC 1.1.3 (with oxygen as acceptor) ** Glucose oxidase ** L-gulonolactone oxidase ** Thiamine oxidase ** Xanthine oxidase * EC 1.1.4 (with a disulfide as accep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catalysis
Catalysis () is the increase in rate of a chemical reaction due to an added substance known as a catalyst (). Catalysts are not consumed by the reaction and remain unchanged after it. If the reaction is rapid and the catalyst recycles quickly, very small amounts of catalyst often suffice; mixing, surface area, and temperature are important factors in reaction rate. Catalysts generally react with one or more reactants to form intermediates that subsequently give the final reaction product, in the process of regenerating the catalyst. The rate increase occurs because the catalyst allows the reaction to occur by an alternative mechanism which may be much faster than the noncatalyzed mechanism. However the noncatalyzed mechanism does remain possible, so that the total rate (catalyzed plus noncatalyzed) can only increase in the presence of the catalyst and never decrease. Catalysis may be classified as either homogeneous, whose components are dispersed in the same phase (usual ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chemical Reaction
A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the chemistry, chemical transformation of one set of chemical substances to another. When chemical reactions occur, the atoms are rearranged and the reaction is accompanied by an Gibbs free energy, energy change as new products are generated. Classically, chemical reactions encompass changes that only involve the positions of electrons in the forming and breaking of chemical bonds between atoms, with no change to the Atomic nucleus, nuclei (no change to the elements present), and can often be described by a chemical equation. Nuclear chemistry is a sub-discipline of chemistry that involves the chemical reactions of unstable and radioactive Chemical element, elements where both electronic and nuclear changes can occur. The substance (or substances) initially involved in a chemical reaction are called reagent, reactants or reagents. Chemical reactions are usually characterized by a chemical change, and they yield one or more Product (c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hesperidin
Hesperidin is a flavanone glycoside found in citrus fruits. Its aglycone is hesperetin. Its name is derived from the word "hesperidium", for fruit produced by citrus trees. Hesperidin was first isolated in 1828 by French chemist M. Lebreton from the white inner layer of citrus peels (mesocarp, albedo). Hesperidin is believed to play a role in plant defense. Sources ''Rutaceae'' * 700–2,500 ppm in fruit of ''Citrus aurantium'' (bitter orange, petitgrain) * in orange juice (''Citrus sinensis'') * in '' Zanthoxylum gilletii'' * in lemon * in lime * in leaves of '' Agathosma serratifolia'' ''Lamiaceae'' Peppermint contains hesperidin. Content in foods Approximate hesperidin content per 100 ml or 100 g * 481 mg peppermint, dried * 44 mg blood orange, pure juice * 26 mg orange, pure juice * 18 mg lemon, pure juice * 14 mg lime, pure juice * 1 mg grapefruit, pure juice Metabolism Hesperidin 6-''O''-α--rhamnosyl-β--glucosidase, an en ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hesperetin
Hesperetin is the 4'-methoxy derivative of eriodictyol, a flavanone. The 7-''O''-glycoside of hesperetin, hesperidin, is a naturally occurring flavanone-glycoside, the main flavonoid in grapefruits, lemons, and sweet oranges. Glycosides Various glycosides of hesperetin are known, including hesperidin (hesperetin-7-''O''-rutinoside), a water-insoluble flavonoid glycoside with low water solubility, Hesperidin is found in citrus fruits and upon ingestion it releases its aglycone, hesperetin. Neohesperidin is the 7-''O''- neohesperidoside of hesperetin. Metabolism Hesperidin 6-''O''-α-L-rhamnosyl-β-D-glucosidase is an enzyme that uses hesperidin and H2O to produce hesperetin and rutinose. Upon digestion in the gastrointestinal tract, hesperetin as for all flavonoids is rapidly metabolized in intestinal and liver cells, releasing smaller metabolites into the blood and urine for excretion. The biological effects of such metabolites ''in vivo'' are unknown. Laboratory res ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rutinose
Rutinose is the disaccharide also known as 6-''O''-α-L- rhamnosyl-D-glucose (C12H22O10) that is present in some flavonoid glycosides. It is prepared from rutin by hydrolysis Hydrolysis (; ) is any chemical reaction in which a molecule of water breaks one or more chemical bonds. The term is used broadly for substitution reaction, substitution, elimination reaction, elimination, and solvation reactions in which water ... with the enzyme rhamnodiastase. References * Disaccharides Deoxy sugars {{Carbohydrate-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
